Universal Laws of Physics Aristotle v Galilei
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This document discusses Aristotle and Galileo's conceptions of motion. Aristotle believed that motion was either natural or violent, and that projectiles moved parallel to the ground until falling due to losing their initial impetus. Galileo disagreed through experiments, finding that uniform motion continues without force and acceleration depends on time. He showed projectiles have uniform horizontal and accelerated vertical motion. The document also defines key terms like impetus, projectile motion, and Galileo's concepts of horizontal, vertical, and projectile motion.
Universal Laws of Physics Aristotle v Galilei
- 1. UNIVERSAL LAWS OF PHYSICS John Adrian C. Adiaz 12- Humanities and Social Sciences I Aliaga National High School
- 2. ARISTOTELIAN CONCEPTIONS: VERTICAL MOTION, HORIZONTAL MOTION, AND PROJECTILE MOTION Universal Laws of Physics Physical Science
- 3. WORDS TO REMEMBER: ARISTOTELIAN CONCEPTIONS • Motion is an object’s change in position with respect to time. • Natural motion - an object will move and will eventually return to its natural state depending on the composition that the object is made of. An object made of material similar to earth will return to earth or an object that is similar to air will return to the air. • Violent motion - an object will move if an external force such as pushing or pulling is applied to it. • Projectile motion - the motion of an object is parallel to the ground until it is the object's time to fall back into the ground. • Impetus - a force or energy that permits an object to
- 4. ARISTOTELIAN CONCEPTIONS: VERTICAL MOTION, HORIZONTAL MOTION, AND PROJECTILE MOTION Aristotle is one of most influential Greek philosophers whose ideas were the basis for many concepts that time. His view on motion was based on his observations, which made his ideas acceptable and stood for many years.
- 5. ARISTOTLE’S VIEW ON PROJECTILE MOTION Aristotle believed that the motion of an object is parallel to the ground until it is the object's time to fall back into the ground. An impetus will be kept by the object until such time that the initial force is forgotten, and the object returns to its natural state to stop moving and fall to the ground.
- 6. KEY POINTS 1. According to Aristotle, motion can either be a natural motion or a violent motion. 2. An object will move and will eventually return to its natural state depending on the composition that the object is made of. This referred as the natural motion of an object. 3. An object will move if an external force such as pushing or pulling is applied to it. This is referred as the violent motion of an object. 4. The motion of an object is parallel to the ground until it is the object's time to fall back into the ground. This is referred as the projectile motion of an object.
- 7. WHY DO OBJECTS MOVE? Scientists and philosophers alike have been trying to answer this question even before 300 B.C. One of the well-known philosophers who attempted to do this was Aristotle. His attempt was based on inductive-deductive reasoning and was accepted for centuries. However, Galileo Galilei challenged the Aristotelian view of motion when he had his actual and thorough experiments. He disagreed with most of Aristotle’s claims and provided his own description of motion.
- 8. GALILEAN CONCEPTIONS: VERTICAL MOTION, HORIZONTAL MOTION, AND PROJECTILE MOTION Universal Laws of Physics Physical Science
- 9. GALILEAN CONCEPTIONS V. ARISTOTELIAN CONCEPTIONS According to Aristotle, motion can be either natural or violent motion. He also had his view on the projectile motion of an object. He believed that an object thrown at a certain angle is given an impetus. It will continue to move in such state until the object’s impetus is lost, and the object returns to its natural state, causing it to stop and fall to the ground.
- 10. GALILEAN CONCEPTIONS V. ARISTOTELIAN CONCEPTIONS Galileo disproved Aristotle’s claims and believed that the motion of objects is not simply due to the composition of objects. He mentioned that motion can be described by mathematics and the changes in some physical variables such as time and distance. Using his actual thorough experiments, he was able to prove that: 1. an object in uniform motion will travel a distance that is proportional to the time it will take to travel; 2. a uniformly accelerating object will travel at a speed and proportional to some factor of time; and 3. an object in motion, if unimpeded, will continue to be in motion; an external force is not necessary to maintain the motion.
- 11. WORDS TO REMEMBER: GALILEO’S CONCEPTS OF MOTION • Horizontal Motion - an object in motion, if unimpeded, will continue to be in motion, and an external force is not necessary to maintain the motion. If the Earth’s surface is very flat and extended infinitely, objects that are pushed will not be impeded. Thus, objects will continue to move. • Vertical Motion - in the absence of a resistance, objects would fall not depending on their weight, but in the time of fall. Also, if the object encountered a resistive force from a fluid equal or greater than its weight, it will slow down and reaches a uniform motion until it reaches the bottom and stops. • Projectile Motion - a projectile is a combination of uniform motion in the horizontal direction and uniformly accelerated motion in the vertical direction. If it is not impeded, it will continue to move even without an applied force.
- 12. KEY POINTS Galileo believed that an object in uniform motion will travel a distance that is proportional to the time it took to travel; a uniformly accelerating object will travel with a speed proportional to some factor of time; and an object in motion, if unimpeded, will continue to be in motion; an external force is not necessary to maintain the motion. • Galileo believed that a projectile is a combination of uniform motion in the horizontal direction and uniformly accelerated motion in
- 13. UNIVERSAL LAWS OF PHYSICS John Adrian C. Adiaz 12- Humanities and Social Sciences I Aliaga National High School