VARIOUS TECHNIQUES IN SUMMARIZING A VARIETY OF ACADEMIC.pptx

VARIOUS TECHNIQUES IN
SUMMARIZING A VARIETY OF
ACADEMIC TEXTS

Learning Competency:
Uses various techniques in
summarizing a variety of academic
texts.

Try to recall one of the novels or short stories you
discussed in one of your previous classes in English;
choose one selection out of the several you tackled
throughout your school life. Then, on a separate sheet of
paper, try to rewrite the story using your own words.
Questions:
a.Did you find the retelling of the story difficult? Why or
why not?
b.What strategies did you employ in order to retell the
story? Did you find these strategies helpful?

What is Summarizing?
Buckley
(2004)
Fit to
Print
Summarizing is reducing text to one-third or
one-quarter its original size, clearly
articulating the author’s meaning, and
retaining main ideas.
Diane
Hacker
(2008)
A
Canadian
Writer’s
Reference
Summarizing involves stating a work’s thesis
and main ideas “simply, briefly, and
accurately”.
Dictionaries Summarizing is taking a lot of information and
creating a condensed version that covers the
main points; and to express the most
important facts or ideas about something or
someone in a short and clear form

Summarizing
thesis
Main ideas
Clearly
articulating
Simple, brief,
accurate
Reducing text
Condensed version
Short and clear form
Most important
facts or ideas

Various Techniques in Summarizing a
Variety of Academic Texts
1.Read the work first to understand the author’s intent.
(inaccurate summary is plagiarism)
2.Present information through facts, skills, and concept in
visual formats. (use flow charts or infographics)
3.To avoid difficulty, you need first to know the main points
and the supporting details. (exclude any illustrations,
examples or explanations)
4.Analyze the text to save time in thinking what you will do.
5.Think what information you will put in your summary.
(cover the main points and arguments of the document.

6. Restate the words into different one. (retain the
information)
7. You willfully understand what the document is
when you organize all ideas.
8. Write down all information in a coherent and
precise form.
9. Represent information through using dimensional
constructions in representing concepts, skills or facts.
10. Paraphrasing is one of the skills you can do in
writing a summary. (do not use the same words with
the author)

Here is how you start writing your summary:
Due to an increase in traffic between the various island which
make up Japan, and predictions of a continuing growth in train
travel, a rail tunnel was built to connect the islands of Honshu
and Hokkaido. The Seikan Tunnel in Japan is today the longest
tunnel in the world, with a length of almost 54km. When the
tunnel was opened in 1988, all existing trains went through it.
However, newer Japanese bullet trains have never used the
tunnel because of the cost of extending the high speed line
through it. Consequently, the train journey by air takes only
three and a half hours. This has combined with the fall in the
cost of flying, has meant that more people travel by plane than
train and the tunnel is not used as much as forecasters had
predicted.

 Increase in traffic
 Connect islands
(Honshu & Hokkaido)
 Predictions and
continuing growth
 The longest rail tunnel
 Opened 1988
 54 km
 Opened in 1988
 Bullet trains
 Never used tunnel
 Fall in the cost of
flying
 Not used as much as
forecasters predicted
Summary:
The longest railway tunnel in
the world links the islands of
Honshu and Hokkaido. This 54km
tunnel was inaugurated in 1988 to
deal with the predicted increase
in rail traffic. However, the fall in
the cost of flying and the fact that
high speed trains cannot use the
tunnel have resulted in the tunnel
being less widely used than
expected.

Summarizing Techniques:
1.Somebody Wanted But So Then
2.SAAC method
3.5 W’s, 1 H
4. First, Then, Finally
5.Give me the Gist

1. Somebody Wanted But So Then
Somebody: Who is the story
about?
Wanted: What does the main
character want?
But: Identify a problem that
the main character
encountered.
So: How does the main
character solve the
problem?
Then: Tell how the story ends.
Somebody: Little Red Riding
Hood
Wanted: She wanted to take
cookies to her sick
grandmother.
But: She encountered a wolf
pretending to be her
grandmother.
So: She ran away, crying for
help.
Then: A woodsman heard her
and saved her from the wolf.

2. SAAC Method
State: name of the
article, book, or story
Assign: the name of
the author
Action: what the author
is doing (tells, explains)
Complete: complete
the sentence or
summary with
keywords and
important details
State: The boy Who Cried Wolf
Assign: Aesop ( a Greek story
teller)
Action: tells
Complete: what happens when a
shepherd boy repeatedly lies to
the villagers about seeing a wolf

The Boy Who Cried Wolf, by Aesop
(Greek story teller), tells what happens
when a shepherd boy repeatedly lies to
the villagers about seeing a wolf. After
a while, they ignore his false cries. Then,
when a wolf really does attack, they do
not come to help him.

3. 5 W’s, 1H
 Who is the story about?
 What did they do?
 When did the action
take place?
 Where did the story
happen?
 Why did the main
character do what
he/she did?
 How did the main
character do what
she/he did?
Who: The tortoise
What: He raced a quick, boastful
hare and won
When: When is not specified in this
story, so it is not important in this case
Where: An old country road
How: The tortoise was tired of hearing
the hare boast about his speed
How: The tortoise kept up his slow but
steady pace

Tortoise got tired of listening to Hare
boast about how fast he was, so he
challenged Hare to a race. Even
though he was slower than Hare,
Tortoise won by keeping up his slow
and steady pace when Hare stopped to
take a nap.

4. First, Then, Finally
First: What happened
first? Include the main
character and main
even/action.
Then: What key details
took place during the
event/action?
Finally: What were the
results of the
event/action?
First, Goldilocks entered
the bears’ home while they
were gone. Then, she ate
their food, sat in their
chairs, and slept in their
beds. Finally, she woke up
to find the bears watching
her, so she jumped up and
ran away.

5. Give Me the Gist
When someone asks for “the gist” of
a story, they want to know what the
story is about. I other words, they want
a summary--- not a retelling of every
detail.

When is summarizing useful?

many types of writing and at different points in
the writing process
to support an argument
provide context for a paper’s thesis
write literature reviews
annotate a bibliography

Directions: Simple recall: For numbers 1 and 2,
write the letter of the correct answer.
1.Which of the following statements in
summarizing is false?
a. The summary is what all or most of the
sentences or paragraphs are about.
b. The summary is usually found in more
than just one sentence of the passage.
c. The summary is one isolated thought in a
passage.

2. Which of the following statements in
summarizing is true?
a. The summary is a thought that is true
but is not in the passage.
b. The summary is what the passage is
mostly about.
c. The summary is always found in the
first sentence of the passage.

Choose the letter that presents the best summary in each of the
following:
3. When some people think about Texas, they think of cowboys
on the open range-herding cattle up a dusty trail. However,
Texas has much more than open prairie with large herds of
cows. There are the mountains of West Texas, the piney hills of
East Texas, and the emerald waters off the coast of Padre
Island. Texas also has large coastal harbors with numerous
sailboats, powerboats, inland lakes, rivers, swamps of Southeast
Texas with alligators and other exotic wildlife.
a.There are many different, varied parts of Texas.
b.Texas is one of the biggest states in the United States.
c.There are alligators in the swampland of southeast Texas.

4. Tomorrow is Jill’s birthday. She is excited because
she gets to pick where she will eat dinner. Will it be
Mexican food at the Big Enchilada House? or will it
be fried chicken at the Chicken Snack, or a big
cheeseburger at Al’s Hamburger Palace? She could
not decide. Then there was always the Pizza Shop
with that great pepperoni pizza. How would she ever
decide? Maybe she would just flip a coin.
a.Jill loves Mexican food.
b.The Pizza Shop has the best pizza in town.
c.Jill will choose a place by flipping a coin.

5. It started when they got to the bears. Peter felt tired and
his stomach hurt. He dragged himself over to see the
elephants, which were eating from a stack of hay.
Normally, the elephants were his favorite. Without much
interest, Peter followed his classmates to the camels, which
were busy swatting flies with their trails. Peter knew he
should be having fun at the zoo, but he just felt terrible and
all he wanted to do was lie down and rest. Even the lions
and tigers did not interest him now.
a. The camels were swatting flies with their tails.
b. It was really hot at the zoo.
c. Peter did not enjoy the zoo because he felt really bad.

6. For the walls, Jenny thought she would use a yellow paint. She
would pick a border that had mostly bright red and green colors,
and maybe a little bit of blue. She already had found some curtains
that were sky blue with streaks or red, blue and yellow that she
thought would go great with the walls. Finally, she had picked a
carpet that was mostly blue with specks of red and yellow. Jenny
could not wait till she was done decorating her room. It was really
going to look awesome.
a. Jenny likes bright colors.
b.Jenny was going to paint her room.
c.Jenny was picking out colors and materials to decorate her room.
d.Yellow is a good color to paint your walls.

7. Right now, Jason was playing right field. He really
wanted to play third base. Earlier this year, coach
had put him in left field and second base in a game,
but he kept missing ground balls. When he did stop
one, he made a bad throw to first base. Maybe if he
kept practicing, Jason would be good enough to
play third base. That was his dream.
a.Jason was the best player on his team.
b.Jason had trouble catching ground balls.
c.Jason was too lazy to practice.

8. San Francisco is located on the coast of California in an
area often called the Bay Area. The weather is generally
very mild, seldom getting really cold or really hot. Its mild
climate is one reason may people live there. It seldom
snows in San Francisco and generally does not get below
freezing during the winter. Even in the middle of summer,
temperatures may be in the mid-80s with a cool breeze
from the bay keeping the weather very comfortable.
a.San Francisco has many neat things to do.
b.It seldom snows in California.
c.Many people choose to live in California.
d.The weather in San Francisco is generally very mild.

9. Julie watched the ants as they carried small crumbs
down the trail to the anthill. She thinks ants are very hard
working and industrious little creatures. They always
seemed busy, and you never saw an ant just laying around
doing nothing. They were carrying food, building tunnels, or
defending the anthill. One thing you could say about ants is
that they sure are not lazy.
a.Ants carry many things.
b.Some ants may bite you.
c.Ants are hard workers.
d.Some ants help take care of the queen.

10. The first book Chris read in fifth grade was about a lost
kitten. Then he read a book about a family of bears, and
then he read about a wild kangaroo in Australia. It seems
every book Chris reads is about animals. Last week he
found a good book about snakes and reptiles, and another
book about elephants. Today, Chris went to the library and
he checked out a book about dolphins, whales, and other
animals that live in the sea.
a. Chris likes kangaroos.
b. Chris is in the fifth grade.
c. Chris reads a lot of books about animals.
d. Dolphins and whales live in the sea.

Check:
1. C
2. B
3. A
4. C
5. C
6. C
7. B
8. D
9. C
10.C

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