VARIOUS TECHNIQUES IN SUMMARIZING A VARIETY OF ACADEMIC.pptx
- 1. VARIOUS TECHNIQUES IN SUMMARIZING A VARIETY OF ACADEMIC TEXTS
- 2. Learning Competency: Uses various techniques in summarizing a variety of academic texts.
- 3. Try to recall one of the novels or short stories you discussed in one of your previous classes in English; choose one selection out of the several you tackled throughout your school life. Then, on a separate sheet of paper, try to rewrite the story using your own words. Questions: a.Did you find the retelling of the story difficult? Why or why not? b.What strategies did you employ in order to retell the story? Did you find these strategies helpful?
- 4. What is Summarizing? Buckley (2004) Fit to Print Summarizing is reducing text to one-third or one-quarter its original size, clearly articulating the author’s meaning, and retaining main ideas. Diane Hacker (2008) A Canadian Writer’s Reference Summarizing involves stating a work’s thesis and main ideas “simply, briefly, and accurately”. Dictionaries Summarizing is taking a lot of information and creating a condensed version that covers the main points; and to express the most important facts or ideas about something or someone in a short and clear form
- 5. Summarizing thesis Main ideas Clearly articulating Simple, brief, accurate Reducing text Condensed version Short and clear form Most important facts or ideas
- 6. Various Techniques in Summarizing a Variety of Academic Texts 1. Read the work first to understand the author’s intent. (inaccurate summary is plagiarism) 2.Present information through facts, skills, and concept in visual formats. (use flow charts or infographics) 3.To avoid difficulty, you need first to know the main points and the supporting details. (exclude any illustrations, examples or explanations) 4.Analyze the text to save time in thinking what you will do. 5.Think what information you will put in your summary. (cover the main points and arguments of the document.
- 7. 6. Restate the words into different one. (retain the information) 7. You willfully understand what the document is when you organize all ideas. 8. Write down all information in a coherent and precise form. 9. Represent information through using dimensional constructions in representing concepts, skills or facts. 10. Paraphrasing is one of the skills you can do in writing a summary. (do not use the same words with the author)
- 8. Here is how you start writing your summary: Due to an increase in traffic between the various island which make up Japan, and predictions of a continuing growth in train travel, a rail tunnel was built to connect the islands of Honshu and Hokkaido. The Seikan Tunnel in Japan is today the longest tunnel in the world, with a length of almost 54km. When the tunnel was opened in 1988, all existing trains went through it. However, newer Japanese bullet trains have never used the tunnel because of the cost of extending the high speed line through it. Consequently, the train journey by air takes only three and a half hours. This has combined with the fall in the cost of flying, has meant that more people travel by plane than train and the tunnel is not used as much as forecasters had predicted.
- 9. Increase in traffic Connect islands (Honshu & Hokkaido) Predictions and continuing growth The longest rail tunnel Opened 1988 54 km Opened in 1988 Bullet trains Never used tunnel Fall in the cost of flying Not used as much as forecasters predicted Summary: The longest railway tunnel in the world links the islands of Honshu and Hokkaido. This 54km tunnel was inaugurated in 1988 to deal with the predicted increase in rail traffic. However, the fall in the cost of flying and the fact that high speed trains cannot use the tunnel have resulted in the tunnel being less widely used than expected.
- 10. Summarizing Techniques: 1.Somebody Wanted But So Then 2.SAAC method 3.5 W’s, 1 H 4. First, Then, Finally 5.Give me the Gist
- 11. 1. Somebody Wanted But So Then Somebody: Who is the story about? Wanted: What does the main character want? But: Identify a problem that the main character encountered. So: How does the main character solve the problem? Then: Tell how the story ends. Somebody: Little Red Riding Hood Wanted: She wanted to take cookies to her sick grandmother. But: She encountered a wolf pretending to be her grandmother. So: She ran away, crying for help. Then: A woodsman heard her and saved her from the wolf.
- 12. 2. SAAC Method State: name of the article, book, or story Assign: the name of the author Action: what the author is doing (tells, explains) Complete: complete the sentence or summary with keywords and important details State: The boy Who Cried Wolf Assign: Aesop ( a Greek story teller) Action: tells Complete: what happens when a shepherd boy repeatedly lies to the villagers about seeing a wolf
- 13. The Boy Who Cried Wolf, by Aesop (Greek story teller), tells what happens when a shepherd boy repeatedly lies to the villagers about seeing a wolf. After a while, they ignore his false cries. Then, when a wolf really does attack, they do not come to help him.
- 14. 3. 5 W’s, 1H Who is the story about? What did they do? When did the action take place? Where did the story happen? Why did the main character do what he/she did? How did the main character do what she/he did? Who: The tortoise What: He raced a quick, boastful hare and won When: When is not specified in this story, so it is not important in this case Where: An old country road How: The tortoise was tired of hearing the hare boast about his speed How: The tortoise kept up his slow but steady pace
- 15. Tortoise got tired of listening to Hare boast about how fast he was, so he challenged Hare to a race. Even though was slower than Hare, Tortoise won by keeping up his slow and steady pace Hare stopped to take a nap.
- 16. 4. First, Then, Finally First: What happened first? Include the main character and main even/action. Then: What key details took place during the event/action? Finally: What were the results of the event/action? First, Goldilocks entered the bears’ home while they were gone. Then, she ate their food, sat in their chairs, and slept in their beds. Finally, she woke up to find the bears watching her, so she jumped up and ran away.
- 17. 5. Give Me the Gist When someone asks for “the gist” of a story, they want to know what the story is about. I other words, they want a summary--- not a retelling of every detail.
- 18. When is summarizing useful? many types of writing and at different points in the writing process to support an argument provide context for a paper’s thesis write literature reviews annotate a bibliography
- 19. Post Assessment
- 20. Directions: Simple recall: For numbers 1 and 2, write the letter of the correct answer. 1.Which of the following statements in summarizing is false? a. The summary is what all or most of the sentences or paragraphs are about. b. The summary is usually found in more than just one sentence of the passage. c. The summary is one isolated thought in a passage.
- 21. 2. Which of the following statements in summarizing is true? a. The summary is a thought that is true but is not in the passage. b. The summary is what the passage is mostly about. c. The summary is always found in the first sentence of the passage.
- 22. Choose the letter that presents the best summary in each of the following: 3. When some people think about Texas, they think of cowboys on the open range-herding cattle up a dusty trail. However, Texas has much more than open prairie with large herds of cows. There are the mountains of West Texas, the piney hills of East Texas, and the emerald waters off the coast of Padre Island. Texas also has large coastal harbors with numerous sailboats, powerboats, inland lakes, rivers, swamps of Southeast Texas with alligators and other exotic wildlife. a.There are many different, varied parts of Texas. b.Texas is one of the biggest states in the United States. c. There are alligators in the swampland of southeast Texas.
- 23. 4. Tomorrow is Jill’s birthday. She is excited because she gets to pick where she will eat dinner. Will it be Mexican food at the Big Enchilada House? or will it be fried chicken at the Chicken Snack, or a big cheeseburger at Al’s Hamburger Palace? She could not decide. Then there was always the Pizza Shop with that great pepperoni pizza. How would she ever decide? Maybe she would just flip a coin. a.Jill loves Mexican food. b.The Pizza Shop has the best pizza in town. c.Jill will choose a place by flipping a coin.
- 24. 5. It started when they got to the bears. Peter felt tired and his stomach hurt. He dragged himself over to see the elephants, which were eating from a stack of hay. Normally, the elephants were his favorite. Without much interest, Peter followed his classmates to the camels, which were busy swatting flies with their trails. Peter knew he should be having fun at the zoo, but he just felt terrible and all he wanted to do was lie down and rest. Even the lions and tigers did not interest him now. a. The camels were swatting flies with their tails. b. It was really hot at the zoo. c. Peter did not enjoy the zoo because he felt really bad.
- 25. 6. For the walls, Jenny thought she would use a yellow paint. She would pick a border that had mostly bright red and green colors, and maybe a little bit of blue. She already had found some curtains that were sky blue with streaks or red, blue and yellow that she thought would go great with the walls. Finally, she had picked a carpet that was mostly blue with specks of red and yellow. Jenny could not wait till she was done decorating her room. It was really going to look awesome. a. Jenny likes bright colors. b.Jenny was going to paint her room. c. Jenny was picking out colors and materials to decorate her room. d.Yellow is a good color to paint your walls.
- 26. 7. Right now, Jason was playing right field. He really wanted to play third base. Earlier this year, coach had put him in left field and second base in a game, but he kept missing ground balls. When he did stop one, he made a bad throw to first base. Maybe if he kept practicing, Jason would be good enough to play third base. That was his dream. a.Jason was the best player on his team. b.Jason had trouble catching ground balls. c.Jason was too lazy to practice.
- 27. 8. San Francisco is located on the coast of California in an area often called the Bay Area. The weather is generally very mild, seldom getting really cold or really hot. Its mild climate is one reason may people live there. It seldom snows in San Francisco and generally does not get below freezing during the winter. Even in the middle of summer, temperatures may be in the mid- 80s with a cool breeze from the bay keeping the weather very comfortable. a.San Francisco has many neat things to do. b.It seldom snows in California. c.Many people choose to live in California. d.The weather in San Francisco is generally very mild.
- 28. 9. Julie watched the ants as they carried small crumbs down the trail to the anthill. She thinks ants are very hard working and industrious little creatures. They always seemed busy, and you never saw an ant just laying around doing nothing. They were carrying food, building tunnels, or defending the anthill. One thing you could say about ants is that they sure are not lazy. a.Ants carry many things. b.Some ants may bite you. c.Ants are hard workers. d.Some ants help take care of the queen.
- 29. 10. The first book Chris read in fifth grade was about a lost kitten. Then he read a book about a family of bears, and then he read about a wild kangaroo in Australia. It seems every book Chris reads is about animals. Last week he found a good book about snakes and reptiles, and another book about elephants. Today, Chris went to the library and he checked out a book about dolphins, whales, and other animals that live in the sea. a. Chris likes kangaroos. b. Chris is in the fifth grade. c. Chris reads a lot of books about animals. d. Dolphins and whales live in the sea.