Waters on earth
- 1. WATERS ON EARTH Gain understanding on the distribution of the waters of the Earth 1.1 Trace the origin of the Earth’s waters 1.2 Describe the distribution of the Earth’s waters 1.3 Trace in a map the Philippine territorial waters and identify the bodies of water within the territorial boundaries 2. Develop understanding of the movement of ocean water. 1.1 Describe the different ways by which the ocean water moves 1.2 Explain how waves, surface currents, density currents and tides are formed 1.3 Discuss the significance of the movement of ocean water 1.4 Describe the environment of the ocean bottom 1.5 Explain the works of an oceanographer and its importance
- 3. HYPOTHESES ON THE ORIGIN OF WATER ON EARTH Planetary cooling Extra planetary sources Hydrate minerals Volcanic activity Water in the development of the Earth Role of organisms
- 5. How is water distributed on the Earth? 97 % of the world’s Water supply is ocean (salt water). 2 % of the world’s water supply is frozen in icecaps and glaciers.
- 6. How is water distributed on the Earth? 0.5 % of the world’s water supply is non-consumable water on land. 0.5% of the world’s water supply is freshwater available for consumption.
- 9. 1. What two factors cause the ocean to become salty? 2. What are the two minerals in the ocean water that make it salty? 3. Reese said” Mr. Suber, how can we only have 0.5% of consumable fresh water on Earth, and not run out of our fresh water supply?” Explain this.
- 10. 1. Three major factors influence salinity (salt concentration) in Pacific Ocean waters: precipitation, evaporation and winds. Precipitation brings freshwater into the ocean, diluting its salt concentration. The rate of evaporation from the ocean’s surface waters is also important because it removes water molecules, leaving the salt behind. In regions where the evaporation is high, due to winds and high temperatures, the concentration of salt in the water increases. As a result, areas of water exposed to the strong trade-winds generally have higher salinity values. 2. Ocean water contains lots of different mineral salts: sodium, chloride, sulfate, magnesium, calcium, potassium, bicarbonate and bromide. These salts enter the ocean through rivers, which pass over rocks and soil, picking up salt along the way. 3. Water is a renewable resource that moves in a cycle. The amount of H2O on our planet will always remain the same, and won't run out as such.
- 11. World’s Oceans Can you name the five world oceans?
- 12. World’s Oceans Atlantic Pacific Indian Arctic Southern
- 14. Pacific Ocean • The largest ocean. It is larger than all the land put together. • It contains 48% of the world’s seawater. • The deepest ocean because the Mariana Trench is located in it. (over 36,000 feet deep)
- 15. Atlantic Ocean • The second largest ocean. • It contains 23% of the world’s seawater. • Most traveled ocean routes. •Sea floor spreading- •This ocean is growing!!
- 16. Indian Ocean • The warmest ocean. •Monsoons occur here • It contains 40% of the world’s oil production.
- 17. Arctic Ocean • The smallest ocean. • Located near North Pole • It is covered by drifting ice.
- 18. Southern Ocean • The newest ocean. • Recognized in 2000. •Located at the 60° S Latitude near the South Pole • It contains icebergs and deep continental shelves.
- 20. World’s Freshwater Groundwater: water that collects between bits of rock and soil. What factors affect the groundwater?
- 21. How does groundwater reach the Earth’s surface? Water may reach the surface through wells, springs, or geysers. What is the main difference between a spring and a geyser?
- 22. What is the difference between a river and a lake or pond? Rivers or streams are running water. Lakes or ponds are still water. 90% of the continental surface water is found in lakes. Are lakes fresh or salt water?
- 71. Oceanographers can specialize in biological, physical, geological or chemical oceanography. They can study marine life, the ocean floor, chemicals in sea water, water temperature and density, tides and currents.
- 72. Typical responsibilities include: planning, organizing and leading field research trips collecting field samples and data, probably at sea, using equipment such as remote sensors, marine robots and towed or self-powered underwater vehicles. giving lectures and making presentations using numerical/computer modelling to simulate ocean phenomena testing samples in laboratory conditions recording, analyzing and interpreting data obtained from samples and remote sensing equipment using numerical/statistical modelling to make predictions about trends keeping up to date with scientific and research developments attending relevant oceanography conferences, training courses and field trips writing funding bids and research proposals writing research papers, reports and reviews analyzing water samples for mineral content and life forms using sophisticated equipment and specialist techniques to analyze samples Oceanography can involve travel and periods of time away from home to conduct research.