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Web Development 2 (HTML & CSS)
- 1. 2 Web Development HTML , CSS, JAVASCRIPT, BOOTSTRAP Prepared by: Ghayour Abbas Outline: • Formatting • Comments • Colors • CSS HTML Text Formatting HTML contains several elements for defining text with a special meaning. Formatting elements were designed to display special types of text: • <b> - Bold text • <strong> - Important text • <i> - Italic text • <em> - Emphasized text • <mark> - Marked text • <small> - Smaller text • <del> - Deleted text • <ins> - Inserted text • <sub> - Subscript text • <sup> - Superscript text HTML Comment Tag HTML comments are not displayed in the browser, but they can help document your HTML source code.
- 2. You can also hide more than one line, everything between the <!-- and the -- > will be hidden from the display. HTML Colors HTML colors are specified with predefined color names, or with RGB, HEX, HSL, RGBA, or HSLA values. Border Color RGB Color Values In HTML, a color can be specified as an RGB value, using this formula: rgb(red, green, blue) Each parameter (red, green, and blue) defines the intensity of the color with a value between 0 and 255.
- 3. This means that there are 256 x 256 x 256 = 16777216 possible colors! For example, rgb(255, 0, 0) is displayed as red, because red is set to its highest value (255), and the other two (green and blue) are set to 0. Another example, rgb(0, 255, 0) is displayed as green, because green is set to its highest value (255), and the other two (red and blue) are set to 0. To display black, set all color parameters to 0, like this: rgb(0, 0, 0). To display white, set all color parameters to 255, like this: rgb(255, 255, 255). HEX Color Values A hexadecimal color is specified with: #RRGGBB, where the RR (red), GG (green) and BB (blue) hexadecimal integers specify the components of the color. In HTML, a color can be specified using a hexadecimal value in the form: #rrggbb Where rr (red), gg (green) and bb (blue) are hexadecimal values between 00 and ff (same as decimal 0-255). For example, #ff0000 is displayed as red, because red is set to its highest value (ff), and the other two (green and blue) are set to 00. Another example, #00ff00 is displayed as green, because green is set to its highest value (ff), and the other two (red and blue) are set to 00. To display black, set all color parameters to 00, like this: #000000. To display white, set all color parameters to ff, like this: #ffffff.
- 4. HSL Color Values In HTML, a color can be specified using hue, saturation, and lightness (HSL) in the form: hsl(hue, saturation, lightness) Hue is a degree on the color wheel from 0 to 360. 0 is red, 120 is green, and 240 is blue. Saturation is a percentage value, 0% means a shade of gray, and 100% is the full color. Lightness is also a percentage value, 0% is black, and 100% is white. What is CSS? Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) is used to format the layout of a webpage. With CSS, you can control the color, font, the size of text, the spacing between elements, how elements are positioned and laid out, what background images or background colors are to be used, different displays for different devices and screen sizes, and much more! Using CSS CSS can be added to HTML documents in 3 ways: • Inline - by using the style attribute inside HTML elements • Internal - by using a <style> element in the <head> section • External - by using a <link> element to link to an external CSS file The most common way to add CSS, is to keep the styles in external CSS files. However, in this tutorial we will use inline and internal styles, because this is easier to demonstrate, and easier for you to try it yourself. Inline CSS An inline CSS is used to apply a unique style to a single HTML element.
- 5. An inline CSS uses the style attribute of an HTML element. The following example sets the text color of the <h1> element to blue, and the text color of the <p> element to red: Internal CSS An internal CSS is used to define a style for a single HTML page. An internal CSS is defined in the <head> section of an HTML page, within a <style> element. The following example sets the text color of ALL the <h1> elements (on that page) to blue, and the text color of ALL the <p> elements to red. In addition, the page will be displayed with a "powderblue" background color:
- 7. External CSS An external style sheet is used to define the style for many HTML pages. To use an external style sheet, add a link to it in the <head> section of each HTML page: Styles.css