Crime, Deviance and Criminals| by Imran Ahmad Sajid
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The document discusses the concepts of crime and deviance, defining deviance as any action that diverges from societal norms and crime as a form of deviance that is considered socially harmful. It outlines key elements of crime, including actus reus and mens rea, and differentiates between various types of criminals, such as born criminals, criminoloids, and psychopaths. Finally, it emphasizes that crime is a violation of laws shaped by societal values and influences, with consequences imposed by state authority.
Crime, Deviance and Criminals| by Imran Ahmad Sajid
- 1. Crime and Deviance? Dr. Imran Ahmad Sajid IPCS, University of Peshawar [email protected]
- 2. Deviance • Any action that departs from the social norms of society (Taylor, Walton, and Young, 1973)
- 3. Crime • Deviance becomes a crime when it is deemed socially harmful or dangerous;
- 4. • Not all crimes are deviant and not all deviant acts are illegal or criminal. – e.g. using recreational drugs, such as smoking marijuana is crime but not deviance – Not helping someone who is drowning is deviance but not a crime • Many criminal acts, but not all, fall within the concept of deviance. • Some deviant acts, but not all, are considered crime
- 5. Defining Crime • Crime is the violation of law (Sutherland)
- 6. 1. Crime is violation of criminal laws regulating human action (Theft) 2. Crime is omission or commission of an act forbidden by law (reckless) 3. Behaviour, when it crosses normal limits and comes to the official notice, becomes crime. (reckless) 4. Crime is a learned behaviour that equates E+I=C (Environment + Individual=Crime) . A man learns crime from his criminal environment (Sutherland)
- 7. Defining Crime • Crime is violation of societal rules of behaviour as interpreted and expressed by the criminal law, which reflects public opinion, traditional values, and the viewpoint of people currently holding social and political power. Individuals who violate these rules are subject to sanctions by state authority, social stigma, and loss of status (Larry, Siegel, 2005:15).
- 8. Perspectives on Crime • Consensus Perspective • Conflict Perspective • Interactionist Perspective
- 9. Elements of Crime 1. Actus Reus (bad act itself) can be either an aggressive act or it can be a failure to perform a legal duty’ 2. Mens Rea (Guilty Mind) is an individual’s state of mind at the time of the act or the INTENT of an individual to commit crime. – Both Actus Reus and Mens Rea must be present in the actor for the violation to constitute crime. Thoughts alone do not fall within this definition of crime.
- 10. Who is a criminal? • A criminal is someone who breaks the law.
- 11. Types 1. Born Criminals 2. Criminoloids 3. Psychopaths
- 12. Born Criminals • A person’s bodily constitution indicates whether or not an individual is a "born criminal." • The physical characteristics that he used to identify prisoners included 1. an asymmetry of the face or head, 2. large monkey-like ears, 3. large lips, 4. a twisted nose, 5. excessive cheekbones, 6. long arms, and 7. excessive wrinkles on the skin.
- 13. Criminoloids • A criminaloid (criminal-like) is a person who projects a respectable, upright facade, in an attempt to conceal a criminal personality. • occasional criminals https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criminaloid
- 14. Psychopaths • A psychopath is a person who suffers from a mental disorder that makes them incapable feeling sympathy or empathy, usually, take no responsibility for his/her actions, and often act out in very dangerous and violent manners • Psychopath criminals are affected with a personality disorder marked by aggressive, violent, antisocial thought and behavior and a lack of remorse or empathy. http://criminalminds.wikia.com/wiki/Psychopath
Editor's Notes
- #21: Unlike ordinary criminals, criminaloids enjoy the respect of society, and because they often establish connections with the government and the law, they are less likely to meet with opposition. Due to their respectable standing, they generally enjoy greater prosperity than the average criminal, and have an automatic advantage over their more conscientious colleagues