Worm infestation.pptx
- 5. Introduction Worm infestation is referred to as an infestation of the host especially human and animals by helminths. Common types of worm infestation:- 1. Roundworm 2. Hookworm 3. Threadworm 4. Tapeworm
- 6. Prevalence rate The prevalence rate of intestinal parasitic disease was found to be 37.46% in Nepalese children, 40.17% in school aged children and 35.84% in preschool aged children. Males are more affected then females. Epidemiology of Intestinal Parasitic Disease in Nepalese children, European journal of public health Vol 27 issue -3, November 2017
- 10. Introduction Ascariasis is the most common worm infestation caused by the adult, ascaris lumbricoids Roundworm is one of the largest of the intestinal helminths or nematode parasite reaching a length of 20-25 cm (10-14 inch). Disease is transmitted by fecal-oral route i.e. by ingestion of food or drink contaminated with eggs.
- 16. Clinical feature Asymptomatic Parent may find roundworm in child's diaper with/without stool or see roundworms in the toilet Heavy infections: Anorexia, enlarged abdomen, weight loss, fever. Severe infections: Intestinal obstruction, obstructive jaundice, pancreatitis, lung involvement (pneumonitis).
- 18. Treatment
- 19. Refreshment
- 22. Hookworm Hookworm is an intestinal infestation caused by two species of nematode (Ancyclostoma Duodenale or Necator Americanus). Hookworm infective larvae penetrate the skin of barefooted individual and enter inside human body.
- 23. Life cycle Human host is infected by the larvae not the eggs. The infective larvae enter the body usually via penetrating the skin by walking barefoot. The larvae are able to penetrate the skin of the foot and once inside the body,
- 24. Lifecycle Contd… they migrate through the vascular system to the lungs and from there up the trachea and are swallowed, then they pass down the esophagus and enter the digestive system, lodges in the intestine, where the larvae mature into adult worms.
- 25. Clinical feature Light infections : No problems Heavier infections: Chronic blood loss due to hookworm infestation causes mild to moderate iron deficiency anaemia, Malnutrition.
- 26. Clinical feature Contd… Ground itch
- 28. Treatment
- 30. Pinworm A pinworm infection is one of the most common types of human intestinal worm infections caused by enterobius vemicularis. E.vermicularis is a white slender nematode with a pointed tail. In human, they reside in the caecum, appendix, and ascending colon.
- 34. Treatment
- 36. Tapeworm These looks like white tape and are long, flat worms divided into segment which contain fertilized eggs; these segments breaks off and are excreted in the stool.
- 37. Introduction Contd… It has two type:- 1. Taenia saginata (Beef tapeworm)= It is a white semi- transparent worm measuring 4-10 m long. The head is 1-2 mm in diameter with four lateral suckers but no hooks.
- 38. Introduction Contd… 2. Taenia solium= Pork tapeworm has a length of 2-3 m with 800-1000 segments. The head is globular, 1 mm in with a short pigmented hook.
- 44. Treatment
- 46. Nursing management Nursing Assessment Assess the general condition of the patient. Assess the history of wearing open footwear and walking barefoot in such areas. Assess the food intake habit of patient. Observe the physical assessment of patient.
- 47. Nursing Diagnosis Acute pain related to mucosal irritation. Ineffective tissue perfusion related to blood loss. Impaired skin integrity related to persistent scratching of the affected area. Deficient knowledge related to the disease process and treatment.
- 48. Nursing Intervention Provide rest periods to promote relief, sleep, and relaxation Administer blood transfusion as indicated. Clip the patient’s nails as necessary Teach patient and significant others about proper handwashing
- 50. Reference of worm infestation Uprety K, Child Health Nursing, fourth Edition (2071 Bhadra), Tara Books and Stationery, Chhetrapati, Kathmandu, pg 149-151 Shrestha T. Essential Child Health Nursing. first Edition 2015,August. Medhavi Publication; Jamal, Kathmandu Page no.296-299 Dahal K, Community Health Nursing –II. 5th edition Makalu Publication House Dillibajar, Kathmandu, Page no 92-100 Paul VK, Bagga A, Ghai Essential Pediatrics, eight edition, CBS Publisher and Distributors Pvt Ltd page 273 to 278 Gupta B, Manual of basic science-II, Makalu publication, Dillibazar, Kathmandu,page379-388.