![Purpose: To make an inference
When we put together clues to reach a conclusion,
we make an inference. [recall inference from Reading Skills].
While we make an inference, we use Inductive
method of Paragraph writing.
The Topic sentence comes at the last, as a
conclusion.
The supporting sentences come at the beginning, as
clues that lead to the conclusion.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/writingmethods-190204093650/85/Writing-methods-17-320.jpg)
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Writing methods
- 1. Writing Methods --Dr. Debaleena Dutta PSIT, Kanpur
- 2. Recap Last lesson, we learnt about Reading Skills. They are: • Skimming • Scanning • Churning • Assimilation
- 3. Focus of this lesson: Writing Reading = Receptive Skill Writing= Productive Skill So, we are going to discuss Writing. Specifically, How we develop ideas through Writing
- 4. Can you guess the next lines to these sentences? • College life is the best time of our lives. -------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------- • Chat over Whatsapp is easier than talking in front ---------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------
- 5. Can you guess the starting lines? _______________________________ _______________________________ _______________________________ That’s why, you should watch Mirzapur.
- 6. Can you guess the starting and ending lines? ________________________________ ________________________________ However, movies can have negative effects as well, side by side its positives. _________________________________ _________________________________
- 7. Can you trace the most important line? Different people spend their holidays in different ways. Some like to travel to nice places. Some prefer staying home and watching movies. Still, there are some who make a get-together with their relatives.
- 8. Can you trace the most important line? Different people spend their holidays in different ways. Some like to travel to nice places. Some prefer staying home and watching movies. Still, there are some who make a get-together with their relatives.
- 9. Can you trace the most important line? Distance education lets you to have a degree while you are doing a job. It is also good for poor students who do not have good colleges nearby, and cannot afford to go to another city to study. Clearly, distance learning is a strong alternative to college education.
- 10. Can you trace the most important line? Distance education lets you to have a degree while you are doing a job. It is also good for poor students who do not have good colleges nearby, and cannot afford to go to another city to study. Clearly, distance learning is a strong alternative to college education.
- 11. So, what you have learnt so far • A paragraph is a collection of sentences. • The sentences are connected to each other. • There is a complete idea, a ‘topic’ developed in a paragraph. • One line in the paragraph is the most important line in it. • This line could be at the beginning, end, or middle.
- 12. Definition: What is a Paragraph? • A paragraph is a collection of sentences, that logically present one single idea. • One sentence among them is the most important one. It is called the Topic sentence. • The other sentences give support to the Topic sentence. These sentences are called supporting sentences.
- 13. Methods of Paragraph Writing • Depending upon our purpose, we can order the Topic sentence and the Supporting sentences in 7 specific ways. They are: Deductive, Inductive, Exposition, Chronological, Spatial, Linear, & Interrupted. These are called ‘Methods of Paragraph Writing’.
- 14. Methods of Paragraph Writing Deductive Inductive Chronological Spatial Linear Interrupted Exposition
- 15. Purpose: Defending an idea • When our purpose is to defend an idea by providing evidence, we write the paragraph in Deductive method. • The topic sentence comes at the beginning. It states a fact. • The supporting sentences come after it, and give evidence that the fact is true.
- 16. Deductive paragraph: Example Mental depression is a dangerous symptom. First, it can affect any one, be he an adult or a child. This is because of cut-throat competition in every area of life. Second, depression has no physical indications. This makes it hard to detect. Third, people have the false idea that depression means madness. Clearly, depression is a deadly disease, and is hard to treat.
- 17. Purpose: To make an inference When we put together clues to reach a conclusion, we make an inference. [recall inference from Reading Skills]. While we make an inference, we use Inductive method of Paragraph writing. The Topic sentence comes at the last, as a conclusion. The supporting sentences come at the beginning, as clues that lead to the conclusion.
- 18. Inductive Paragraph: Example Aryan reached late in office today. He comes to office by public transport. He always starts early from his home to avoid traffic. Therefore, the bus he took today must have had a breakdown.
- 19. Purpose: Explaining a concept When we have to explain a concept to a person, we make a lot of effort to do so through examples, through comparing and contrasting with other concepts, and through clear-cut description of how it looks/feels. Such explaining is called the Expository method. Any Wikipedia article is Expository in nature.
- 20. Expository Method: Example Mirzapur is a crime-based TV series released in 2018, on Amazon Prime. It revolves around drugs, guns and lawlessness. It depicts the rule of mafia dons and gang-rivalry in the Purvanchal region of Uttar Pradesh. Its season 1 consists of 9 episodes in total. In comparison with Sacred Games, it has scored more popularity among the viewers.
- 21. Purpose: Giving background information Sometimes, we have to give a background information of a person or event. For example, medical history; tracing the development of a country, a thing, an action down the ages. Then we use Chronological method. The topic sentence is written in the beginning. The supporting sentences give a history, with the oldest dates first.
- 22. Chronological Method: Example Going to halls for watching movies has become redundant nowadays. In the 90’s, people went to movie halls to watch movies only. Those were the times of television and VCRs. By the 2000s, people started having their personal computers. So movies were watched in DVDs. Now, with the advent of android phone and 4G connectivity, people can watch movies right in their mobiles.
- 23. Purpose: Describing objects in a place When we have to give exact description of a place, so that people have clear idea of where things are kept, we use Spatial method of paragraph writing. The Topic sentence comes at the beginning, telling the name of the place. The supporting sentences give details of things positioned in that place.
- 24. Spatial Method: Example PSIT is located on the Delhi Agra express highway. On entering the gate, you will find a road that leads to two opposite sides. Follow the left-hand side, and you will come across PSIT-block, Pharmacy-block, and the finally, the Boys’ hostel. Follow the right-hand side road, you will come across the PSIT-COE block, and the Girls’ hostel.
- 25. Purpose: Step-by-Step description of a Process Often, we have to write description of a process in manuals. We have to write every step, from starting point to the finish. Then, we use Linear method. In linear method, one line logically leads to the other.
- 26. Linear method: Example Uninstalling a program needs a few, simple steps. First, go to the Start Menu. Then, Go to Control Panel. Next, click Uninstall a Program. Then, select the program you want to remove. Finally, click Uninstall at the top of the page.
- 27. Purpose: Narrating an experience in a dramatic way In chronological method, we found events narrated like a diary-entry. But often, in order to sound more dramatic and interesting, we break the strict chronology. We talk about present, and then go back to past, and then start talking about future. This is called Interrupted method. They show the interrupted way of our thoughts.
- 28. Interrupted Method: Example I am a fan of movies of superheroes. From Baahubali to Spiderman, I love them all. When I was a child, I had a huge obsession for Shaktiman. I even tried jumping off a terrace, but was luckily saved. Now, I just use jackets and T Shirts to show my obsession. Someday, I dream of creating a superhero series on TV myself.
- 29. Methods of Paragraph Writing Deductive: for facts Inductive: For inferences Chronological: for development down the ages Spatial: for directions and locations Linear: for processes Interrupted: for dramatic narration Exposition: for Information