File system hiearchy

File system hiearchy

• 1.
  File System HierachySrikant Ritolia Linux User Group Date
• 2.
  What is filesystem ? Method of storing and organizing computer files and their data.
• 3.
  Essentially, it organizesthese files into a database for the storage, organization, manipulation, and retrieval by the computer's operating system.
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  Eg:- fat, ntfs,ext4, ext3.......
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  What is filesystem hierachy ? To put it simply, it can be visualized as a tree with its roots and all.
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  At the topof the hierarchy is invariably the root path which is represented by '/'.
• 7.
  All other directoriesare created beneath this root path in linux.
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  Difference between windowsand linux file system hiearchy Under Windows, the various partitions are detected at boot and assigned a drive letter. Under Linux, unless you mount a partition or a device, the system does not know of the existence of that partition or device.
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  Another point likelyto confuse newbies is the use of the frontslash '/' instead of the backslash '\' as in DOS/Windows. So c:\windows\system would be /c/windows/system.
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  Flow Chart
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  /bin Bin standsfor binary.
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  Contains the usefulcommand which are used by everyone in terminal.
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  Contains shells likebash, csh etc as well as much used commands like cp, mv, rm, cat, ls. /boot Contains the boot loader files.
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  Grub and linuxkernel.
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  /dev Stands fordevices.
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  Highlights one importantcharacteristic of the Linux filesystem - everything is a file or a directory.
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  No real subfolder.
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  When you firstboot up ur computer it detects your hardware and place folder and files representing your hardware in the dev directory.
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  /etc Configuration filesget stored.
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  More importantly, the/etc/rc.d directory contains the system startup scripts.
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  This is agood directory to backup often. Saves lot of re-configuration later if you re-install or lose your current installation
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  /home Linux isa multi-user environment so each user is also assigned a specific directory which is accessible only to them and the system administrator.
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  containing saved files,personal settings, etc.
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  /lib contains allthe shared libraries that are required by system programs. Windows equivalent to a shared library would be a DLL file
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  Libraries essential forthe binaries in /bin/ and /sbin/.
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  Kernal modules
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  /media Mount pointfor removable disk like CDROM, pendrive /mnt Mount point for temporary mounted file system.
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  Mounting is theprocess by which you make a filesystem available to the system.
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  /opt This directorycontains all the software and add-on packages that are not part of the default installation.
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  Again, this directoryis not used very often as it's mostly a standard in Unix installations. /root We talked about user home directories earlier and well this one is the home directory of the user root.
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  Not to beconfused with the system root
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  /proc pseudo filesystem residing in the virtual memory
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  maintains highly dynamicdata on the state of your operating system
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  a new /procfile system is created every time your Linux machine reboots.
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  Everything regarding yourharware like bluetooth, different slots, bus etc. is stored in it.
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  /sbin Contains binary(executable) files, usually for system administration.
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  This directory containsall the binaries that are essential to the working of the system. /tmp This directory contains mostly files that are required temporarily.
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  This directory iscleared out at boot or at shutdown.
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  /usr Unix SystemResources
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  Lot of subdirectories.
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  Shared data, library,binary, application will be located.
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  Secondary hierarchy forread-only user data; contains the majority of (multi-)user utilities and applications.
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  /var Variable files—fileswhose content is expected to continually change during normal operation of the system—such as logs, spool files, and temporary e-mail files. Sometimes a separate partition
• 44.
  Thank you