Interrupt is an issue that is not caused by the CPU but is done by a component. Interrupts may occur suddenly and CPU has to take immediate action to resolve the issue. Interrupts are of many types and in this article, we will discuss the difference between Maskable and Non-Maskable Interrupts. What is Maskable Interrupt? Maskable interrupt is a kind of interrupt which can be ignored or disabled by instructions given by the CPU. The ignoring or disabling of this interrupt allows the system to give priority to certain tasks. The sources of interrupts are also disabled so that critical ... Read More

Cache memory is an important component in a modern computing system that compensates for the difference between the speeds of the CPU and the main memory. The main function of cache memory is to store the most frequently and recently used data and instructions. This reduces the time required by the CPU in retrieving data and instructions that are frequently required for processing. In this article, we will explore cache memory and its performance, and also how it enhances the efficiency of a computing system. Cache Memory Basics Cache memory is the small and fastest memory used in a computer ... Read More

Cache memory is small and fast computer memory used in computer systems to enhance their performance by increasing processing speed. It is a small memory component provided between the main memory (RAM) and the CPU (Central Processing Unit) of the computer system. It acts as a buffer between the RAM and CPU, and it stores recently and frequently used data and instructions. Cache memory has a speed typically equal to the speed of the processor, reducing the time required to access data. Therefore, by providing data and instruction at faster speed, it helps to speed up the data processing ... Read More

In a computer system, the operating system (OS) is an essential part that performs several functions like disk management, security management, resource management, etc. In this article, we will explore the boot block and the bad block in detail. Both bad block and boot block are two important features of disk management in an operating system. Boot block is an important component of an operating system which resides in a region of a hard disk or any other storage device and contains all crucial data and instructions required for initiating the booting process. On the other hand, bad ... Read More

Achieving successful operation within concurrent computing requires efficient process synchronization methods that ensure coordination and order between multiple threads or processes running concurrently. This article examines the importance of synchronous processing within operating systems by delving into the concept of process synchronization. To ensure effective execution of concurrent operations. We also review various synching mechanisms used by modern computer architectures today. Understanding Process Synchronization Definition and Purpose Process synchronization involves the coordination and control of concurrent processes to ensure correct and predictable outcomes. Its primary purpose is to prevent race conditions, data inconsistencies, and resource conflicts that may arise when ... Read More

In computer organization, a computer instruction is a set of commands that tells the computer hardware to perform a specific operation. Therefore, computer instructions are the primary building blocks of a computer program and hence a software, because computer instructions are entirely responsible for execution of the program or software. In this article, we will learn the basic computer instructions in computer organization. The format in which the computer instructions are to be written is defined by the instruction set architecture (ISA) of the computer. The instruction set architecture defines the set of instructions that are supported by the processor ... Read More

To increase the system's overall performance, numerous processors or cores are frequently used in modern computer systems. The operating system must be able to effectively schedule processes to execute on various processors, though, in order to make the best use of these resources. Multiple processor scheduling involves deciding which processes should be assigned to which processor or core and how long they should be permitted to run. While ensuring that all processes are fairly and appropriately prioritized, the objective is to achieve efficient utilization of the available processors. In this article, we will be discussing Multiple Processor Scheduling, the various ... Read More

SIMD stands for Single Instruction Multiple Data. A type of computer architecture in which a single instruction can be executed on multiple pieces of data in parallel is referred to as a SIMD (Single Instruction Multiple Data) architecture. Therefore, SIMD architecture is primarily used in parallel processing application where large amounts of data required to be processed at the same time. In the case of SIMD, a single instruction is executed on a group of data that are stored in contiguous memory locations. SIMD architecture is used in a variety of applications audio and video processing, simulations, 3D graphics processing, ... Read More

Information Technology used traditional centralized computing framework for many years, where one server was connected to multiple clients and was responsible to fulfill the requests coming from them. This client-server architecture has its own limitations such as possibility of scaling to some extent only vertically, ability of the server to process only certain number of requests when all clients send requests at a time, and threat to functionality if the server fails. The shortfalls were overcome by Distributed computing and then further with Edge computing frameworks. This article briefly elaborates on each of the computing frameworks and the differences between ... Read More

Network is a collection of computers that connect each other or communicate with each other. By using the network we can share the files from one place to another place.For example − We have some movies or some pdf in our laptop. A friend wants the pdf or movie, and he is away from us at a distance of 10km.But if we click the send button, it transfers the files to our friend. Here, the network is useful to transfer the data from one place to another place.Network is useful for resource sharing. It increases the storage capacity if we ... Read More