A position in which an instruction is dependent on a result from a sequentially earlier instruction before it can be done its execution. In high-performance processors operating pipeline or superscalar techniques, a data dependency will learn an interruption in the flowing services of a processor pipeline or prevent the parallel issue of instructions in a superscalar processor.Consider two instructions ik and ii of the same program, where ik precedes ii. If ik and ii have a common register or memory operand, they are data-dependent on each other, except when the common operand is used in both instructions as a source ... Read More

There are two types of operations of ILP-Processors such as Pipelined Processors and VLIW and Superscalar Processors. Pipelined Processors work like an assembly line, both VLIW and Superscalar processors operate basically in parallel, making use of several concurrently working EUs as shown in the figure −In describing the principle of operation of pipelined processors, for simplicity, it can confine itself to a straightforward pipelined processor which executes integer, RISC-like, register-register instructions. Pipelines like these operate along the following lines −Instruction processing is subdivided into several successive subtasks: instruction Fetch (F), Decode (D), Execute (E), and writeback of the result (W), ... Read More

The evolution of Von Neumann processors can be attributed to two areas of development improvement in technology, marked by increasing clock rates and the functional evolution of processors. Functional evolution has been achieved primarily by increasing the degree of parallelism of the internal operations, the issues, and the execution of instructions.This occurred in three consecutive evolution phases as the first phase is represented by traditional von Neumann processors, which are characterized by sequential issues and sequential execution of instructions as shown in the figure.The search for greater implementation gave advance to the introduction of parallel instruction execution. Parallel execution was ... Read More

There are two methods of exploiting parallelism in parallel computer architecture are as follows −PipeliningIn pipelining, several functional units are working in sequence to implement a single computation. These functional units form an assembly line or pipeline. Each functional unit describes a specific phase of the computation and each computation goes through the entire pipeline.If there is only a single computation to be executed, the pipeline cannot extract any parallelism. But, when the same computation is to be implemented multiple times, these computations can be overlapped through the functional units.Assume that the pipeline consists of N functional units (stages) and ... Read More

RISC and CISC are two different types of computer architectures that are used to design the microprocessors that are found in computers. The fundamental difference between RISC and CISC is that RISC (Reduced Instruction Set Computer) includes simple instructions and takes one cycle, while the CISC (Complex Instruction Set Computer) includes complex instructions and takes multiple cycles. Read this tutorial to find out more about RISC and CISC and how these two architectures are different from each other. What is RISC? In the RISC architecture, the instruction set of the computer system is simplified to reduce the execution time. RISC ... Read More

Computer Architecture is a functional description of the design implementation and requirements of different components of a computer, while Computer Organization provides information about the linking of different operational attributes of the computer system. Read this tutorial to learn more about "computer architecture" and "computer organization" and how they are different from each other. What is Computer Architecture? Computer Architecture is a blueprint for design and implementation of a computer system. It refers to the overall design of a computer system, including the hardware and software components that make up the system and how they interact with each other. Computer ... Read More