Count Subarrays with Consecutive Elements Differing by 1 in C++

We are given an array arr[] containing integers. The goal is to count all subarrays of arr[] such that consecutive elements in each subarray differ by 1 only. If the array is [1,2,3] .Subarrays will be [1,2], [2,3], [1,2,3] only.

Let us understand with examples.

Input − arr[] = { 4,3,2,1 };

Output − Count of Subarrays with Consecutive elements differing by 1 is − 6

Explanation − Subaarays will be −

[4,3], [3,2], [2,1], [4,3,2], [3,2,1], [4,3,2,1]. Total 6.

Input − arr[] = { 1,5,6,7,9,11 };

Output − Count of Subarrays with Consecutive elements differing by 1 is − 3

Explanation − Subaarays will be −

[5,6], [6,7], [5,6,7]. Total 3

The approach used in the below program is as follows

We will traverse the array using a for a loop. From i=0 to i<size. Then check if any element differs by its adjacent element by 1. If yes store index as first. If not then take the number of elements in the subarray as a temp ( first-last +1 ). Arrays between indexes first and last have all consecutive elements differing by 1. So total subarrays will be temp*(temp-1)/2. Add this to count. Update indexes first=last=i for next array with all consecutive elements.

• Take an array arr[] of numbers.

• Function sub_ele_diff_one(int arr[], int size) takes the array and returns a count of subarrays with consecutive elements differing by 1.

• Take the initial count as 0.

• We will traverse the array using a for loops from i=0 to I <size.

• Take two variables first, last as 0 for the indexes up to which all elements are consecutive and differ by 1.

• Check if arr[i-1]-arr[i] ==1 OR arr[i]-arr[i-1]==1. (elements differ by 1). If true, increment first.

• If the previous condition is false, then the total elements in the array that satisfy this condition is temp=first-last+1. Subarrays possible is total=temp*(temp-1)/2.

• Now add this subarray count total to count.

• Update indexes first and last with current I (index at which the consecutive element condition fails.

• At the end of for loop if first!=last. This means the remaining array satisfies the condition. Apply the same steps and add total to count.

• At the end of both loops, return count as result.

Example

 Live Demo

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int sub_ele_diff_one(int arr[], int size){
   int count = 0, first = 0, last = 0;
   for (int i = 1; i < size; i++){
      if (arr[i] - arr[i - 1] == 1 || arr[i-1] - arr[i] == 1){
         first++;
      }
      else{
         int temp = first - last + 1;
         int total = temp * (temp - 1) / 2;
         count = count + total;
         first = i;
         last = i;
      }
   }
   if (first != last){
      int temp = first - last + 1;
      int total = temp * (temp - 1) / 2;
      count = count + total;
   }
   return count;
}
int main(){
   int arr[] = { 1, 2, 4, 3 };
   int size = sizeof(arr) / sizeof(arr[0]);
   cout<<"Count of Subarrays with Consecutive elements differing by 1 are: "<<sub_ele_diff_one(arr, size);
   return 0;
}

Output

If we run the above code it will generate the following output −

Count of Subarrays with Consecutive elements differing by 1 are: 2