Java Menu Driven Program to Perform Matrix Operation

Array in Java is called as a non primitive data type which stores a fixed number of single type values. It is called a one-dimensional array. Whereas matrix refers to a rectangular array or Two-Dimensional array.

In this article, we will see how to perform different matrix operations like addition, subtraction, and multiplication by using Java Menu driven program. We will be implementing the application using a switch case.

To show you some instances 

Instance-1

Suppose we have inserted two different matrices of 2 rows and 3 columns. Then we will
perform matrix addition and print the result. Let the matrix be:
First Matrix:
2 3 5
9 8 7
Second Matrix:
6 4 8
9 5 4
Matrix after addition:
8 7 13
18 13 11

Instance-2

Suppose we have inserted two different matrices of 2 rows and 3 columns. Then we will
perform matrix subtraction and print the result. Let the matrix be:
First Matrix:
2 3 5
9 8 7
Second Matrix:
6 4 8
9 5 4
Matrix after Subtraction:
-4 -1 -3
0 3 3

Instance-3

Suppose we have inserted two different matrices of 2 rows and 3 columns. Then we will
perform matrix multiplication and print the result. Let the matrix be:
First Matrix:
2 3 5
9 8 7
Second Matrix:
6 4 8
9 5 4
Matrix after Multiplication:
12 12 40
81 40 28

Syntax

To calculate the matrix addition, subtraction and multiplication we use a for loop with some basic logic.

Following is the syntax for "for loop" ?

for (statement 1; statement 2; statement 3) {
   // code block to be executed
}

Algorithm

Step-1 ? Ask the user to input the two matrices.

Step-2 ? Display the menu.

Step-3 ? Ask the user to enter their choice.

Step-4 ? Use a switch case to go to the choice and perform the operation.

Step-5 ? Print the result.

Let's see the program to understand it clearly.

Example

import java.util.*;
public class Main{
   public static void main(String args[]){
      Scanner s = new Scanner( System.in );
      int p, q, m, n;
      System.out.print("Enter number of rows in first matrix: ");
      p = s.nextInt();
      System.out.print("Enter number of columns in first matrix: ");
      q = s.nextInt();
      System.out.print("Enter number of rows in second matrix: ");
      m = s.nextInt();
      System.out.print("Enter number of columns in second matrix: ");
      n = s.nextInt();

      int a[][] = new int[p][q];
      int b[][] = new int[m][n];
      int c[][] = new int[m][n];
      System.out.println("Enter all the elements of first matrix:");
      for (int i = 0; i < p; i++) {
         for (int j = 0; j < q; j++) {
            a[i][j] = s.nextInt();
         }
      }
      System.out.println("Enter all the elements of second matrix:");
      for (int i = 0; i < m; i++) {
         for (int j = 0; j < n; j++) {
            b[i][j] = s.nextInt();
         }
      }
      System.out.println("First Matrix:");
      for (int i = 0; i < p; i++) {
         for (int j = 0; j < q; j++) {
            System.out.print(a[i][j]+" ");
         }
         System.out.println("");
      }
      System.out.println("Second Matrix:");
      for (int i = 0; i < m; i++) {
         for (int j = 0; j < n; j++) {
            System.out.print(b[i][j]+" ");
         }
         System.out.println("");
      }

      mainLoop: while (true) {
         System.out.println("\n***Menu***");
         System.out.println("1. Matrix Addition");
         System.out.println("2. Matrix Subtraction");
         System.out.println("3. Matrix Multiplication");
         System.out.println("4. Terminate the program");
         System.out.println("Enter action number (1-4): ");
         int command;
         if ( s.hasNextInt() ) {
            command = s.nextInt();
            s.nextLine();
         }
         else {
            System.out.println("\nILLEGAL RESPONSE. YOU MUST ENTER A NUMBER.");
            s.nextLine();
            continue;
         }
         switch(command) {
            case 1:
            if (p == m &&& q == n){
               for (int i = 0; i < p; i++)
               for (int j = 0; j <n; j++) {
                  for (int k = 0; k < q; k++) {
                     c[i][j] = a[i][j] + b[i][j];
                  }
               }
            }
            System.out.println("Matrix after addition:");
            for (int i = 0; i <p; i++){
               for (int j = 0; j < n; j++) {
                  System.out.print(c[i][j]+" ");
               }
               System.out.println("");
            }
         }
         else{
            System.out.println("Addition would not be possible");
         }
         break;
         case 2:
         if (p == m && q == n){
            for (int i = 0; i < p; i++) {
               for (int j = 0; j < n; j++) {
                  for (int k = 0; k < q; k++) {
                     c[i][j] = a[i][j] - b[i][j];
                  }
               }
            }
            System.out.println("Matrix after Subtraction:");
            for (int i = 0; i < p; i++) {
               for (int j = 0; j < n; j++) {
                  System.out.print(c[i][j]+" ");
               }
               System.out.println("");
            }
         }
         else{
            System.out.println("Subtraction would not be possible");
         }
         break;
         case 3:
         if (p == m && q == n){
            for (int i = 0; i < p; i++) {
               for (int j = 0; j < n; j++) {
                  for (int k = 0; k < q; k++) {
                     c[i][j] = a[i][j] * b[i][j];
                  }
               }
            }
            System.out.println("Matrix after Multiplication:");
            for (int i = 0; i < p; i++){
               for (int j = 0; j < n; j++) {
                  System.out.print(c[i][j]+" ");
               }
               System.out.println("");
            }
         }
         else{
            System.out.println("Multiplication would not be possible");
         }
         break;
         case 4:
         System.out.println("Program terminated");
         break mainLoop;
         default: System.out.println("Wrong choice!!");
      }
   
   }
}

Output

Enter number of rows in first matrix: 2
Enter number of columns in first matrix: 2
Enter number of rows in second matrix: 2
Enter number of columns in second matrix: 2
Enter all the elements of first matrix:
1 2 3 4
Enter all the elements of second matrix:
5 6 7 8
First Matrix:
1 2
3 4
Second Matrix:
5 6
7 8

***Menu***
1. Matrix Addition
2. Matrix Subtraction
3. Matrix Multiplication
4. Terminate the program
Enter action number (1-4):
1
Matrix after addition:
6 8
10 12

***Menu***
1. Matrix Addition
2. Matrix Subtraction
3. Matrix Multiplication
4. Terminate the program
Enter action number (1-4):
2
Matrix after Subtraction
:
-4
-4
-4
-4

***Menu***
1. Matrix Addition
2. Matrix Subtraction
3. Matrix Multiplication
4. Terminate the program
Enter action number (1-4):
3
Matrix after Multiplication:
5 12
21 32

***Menu***
1. Matrix Addition
2. Matrix Subtraction
3. Matrix Multiplication
4. Terminate the program
Enter action number (1-4):
4
Program terminated

In this article, we explored how to perform matrix operations in Java by using a menu driven approach.