结构体的深拷贝和浅拷贝

最新推荐文章于 2025-04-16 18:41:12 发布

汤愈韬

最新推荐文章于 2025-04-16 18:41:12 发布

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分类专栏：结构体文章标签：结构体深拷贝浅拷贝

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_38200548/article/details/99343416

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示例代码:

#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>

typedef struct Teacher
{
	char name[64];
	int age;
	char *alisname;  // 一级指针
}Teacher;
// 浅拷贝
// 编译器的操作只会把指针变量的值,从from  copy到 to,但不会把指针变量所指的内存空间给拷贝过去
void copyTeacher(Teacher *to, Teacher *from)
{
	// *to = *from;
	memcpy(to, from, sizeof(Teacher));
}


void main()
{
	Teacher t1;
	Teacher t2;
	strcpy(t1.name, "name1");
	t1.alisname = (char *)malloc(100);
	strcpy(t1.alisname, "ssssss");

	// t1赋值给t2
	copyTeacher(&t1, &t2);



	// 释放内存
	if (t1.alisname != NULL)
	{
		free(t1.alisname);
		t1.alisname = NULL;
	}

	if (t1.alisname != NULL)
	{
		free(t2.alisname);
		t2.alisname = NULL;
	}



	system("pause");
	return;
}

上面的代码一运行就会宕掉.
这就是典型的深拷贝与浅拷贝的问题
C++编译器只会进行浅拷贝,只会把指针的值拷贝过去,而不会把指针指向的内存空间拷贝过去,不会开辟新的内存空间.
C++的=操作默认是浅拷贝,只会把指针变量的值拷贝过去,不会把指针变量指向的内存空间的数据拷贝过去.
浅拷贝出现的场景是结构体中间套一个一级指针或者是二级指针

如何执行深拷贝

如果想执行深拷贝,那么要显示地分配内存

如下代码:

#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>

typedef struct Teacher
{
	char name[64];
	int age;
	char *alisname;  // 一级指针
}Teacher;


void copyTeacher(Teacher *to, Teacher *from)
{
	*to = *from;
	// memcpy(to, from, sizeof(Teacher));
	// 显示分配内存空间
	to->alisname = (char *)malloc(100);
	strcpy(to->alisname, from->alisname);
}


void main()
{
	Teacher t1;
	Teacher t2;
	strcpy(t1.name, "name1");
	t1.alisname = (char *)malloc(100);
	strcpy(t1.alisname, "ssssss");

	// t1赋值给t2
	copyTeacher(&t2, &t1);



	// 释放内存
	if (t1.alisname != NULL)
	{
		free(t1.alisname);
		t1.alisname = NULL;
	}

	if (t1.alisname != NULL)
	{
		free(t2.alisname);
		t2.alisname = NULL;
	}



	system("pause");
	return;
}