SpringBoot的学习与使用

最新推荐文章于 2022-07-23 10:03:36 发布

原创最新推荐文章于 2022-07-23 10:03:36 发布 · 1w 阅读

0 ·

CC 4.0 BY-SA版权

文章标签：

#spring boot

Java 专栏收录该内容

30 篇文章

订阅专栏

本文详细介绍SpringBoot和SpringCloud的使用，包括属性注入、拦截器配置，以及SpringCloud组件如Eureka、Ribbon、Hystrix和Zuul的实践。通过具体代码示例，展示了如何构建微服务架构。

摘要生成于 C知道，由 DeepSeek-R1 满血版支持，前往体验 >

SpringBoot和SpringCloud的学习与使用

本文是基于SpringBoot 2.0.4.release环境，学习和使用SpringBoot：

SpringBoot 2.0.4.release

一、SpringBoot介绍

（1）什么是SpringBoot

Spring Boot是一个用来搭建Spring应用的脚手架，为了简化复杂的配置，解决混乱的依赖关系。

（2）SpringBoot的特点

a. 可以创建独立的Spring应用程序，并且基于其Maven或Gradle插件，可以创建可执行的JARs和WARs

b. 内嵌Tomcat或Jetty等Servlet容器；

c. 提供自动配置的“starter”项目对象模型（POMS）以简化Maven配置；

d. 尽可能自动配置Spring容器；

e. 提供准备好的特性，如指标、健康检查和外部化配置；

f. 绝对没有代码生成，不需要XML配置

二、SpringBoot使用

（1）属性注入配置文件

application.yaml

inspur:
	sms:
		accessId: 123456
		accessName: jack
chaoyue:
	system:
		id: 123456
		name: jack

SmsProperties.java

@Data
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix="inspur.sms")
public class SmsProperties{
	private String accessId;
	private String accessName;
}

SystemProperties.java

@Data
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix="chaoyue.system")
public class SystemProperties{
	private String id;
	private String name;
}

SmsService.java

@EnableConfigurationProperties({SmsProperties.class, SystemProperties.class})
public class SmsService{
	@Autowired
	private SmsProperties smsProperties;
	
	@Autowired
	private SystemProperties systemProperties;

	public void test(){
		System.out.println(smsProperties.getAccessName());
		System.out.println(systemProperties.getName());
	}
}

（1）拦截器

MyInterceptor.java

@Slf4j
@Component
public class MyInterceptor implements HandlerInterceptor {
    @Override
    public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler) throws Exception {
        log.info("前置方法正在执行");
        return true;
    }

    @Override
    public void postHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, ModelAndView modelAndView) throws Exception {
        log.info("后置方法正在执行");
    }

    @Override
    public void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, Exception ex) throws Exception {
        log.info("完成方法正在执行");
    }
}

MyInerceptorConfig.java

@Configuration
public class MyInerceptorConfig implements WebMvcConfigurer {

    @Autowired
    private MyInterceptor myInterceptor;

    @Override
    public void addInterceptors(InterceptorRegistry registry) {
        registry.addInterceptor(myInterceptor).addPathPatterns("/**");
    }
}

三、SpringCloud介绍

（1）什么是SpringCloud

Spring Boot是一个用来搭建Spring应用的脚手架，为了简化复杂的配置，解决混乱的依赖关系。

（2）SpringCloud的特点

a. 可以创建独立的Spring应用程序，并且基于其Maven或Gradle插件，可以创建可执行的JARs和WARs

b. 内嵌Tomcat或Jetty等Servlet容器；

c. 提供自动配置的“starter”项目对象模型（POMS）以简化Maven配置；

d. 尽可能自动配置Spring容器；

e. 提供准备好的特性，如指标、健康检查和外部化配置；

f. 绝对没有代码生成，不需要XML配置

二、SpringCloud使用

（1）注册中心Eureka

注册中心

Eureka注册中心的EurekaServiceApplication.java

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableEurekaServer
public class EurekaServiceApplication
{
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(EurekaServiceApplication.class, args);
    }
}

Eureka注册中心的application.yaml

server:
  port: 8761
spring:
  application:
    name: eureka-service
eureka:
  client:
    service-url:
      defaultZone: http://192.168.0.198:8761/eureka, http://192.168.0.198:8762/eureka
    fetch-registry: false
  server:
  	enable-self-preservation: true # 开启自我保护状态
    eviction-interval-timer-in-ms: 10000 # 实现剔除时间
  instance:
    prefer-ip-address: true
    ip-address: 127.0.0.1

服务提供方

服务提供方的ProviderApplication.java

@SpringBootApplication
@MapperScan("com.chaoyue.leyou.mapper")
@EnableDiscoveryClient
public class ProviderApplication {
    public static void main(String[] args) {

        SpringApplication.run(ProviderApplication.class, args);
    }
}

服务提供方的application.yaml

server:
  port: 8081
spring:
  application:
    name: service-provider
  datasource:
    url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/heima
    password: 123456
    username: root
    driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
mybatis:
  type-aliases-package: com.chaoyue.leyou.pojo
eureka:
  client:
    service-url:
      defaultZone: http://127.0.0.1:8761/eureka, http://127.0.0.1:8762/eureka
  instance:
    lease-renewal-interval-in-seconds: 5 # 服务续约时间间隔
    lease-expiration-duration-in-seconds: 15 # 服务失效时间间隔
    prefer-ip-address: true
    ip-address: 127.0.0.1

服务消费方

服务消费方的ConsumerApplication.java

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableDiscoveryClient
public class ConsumerApplication {
    @Bean
    public RestTemplate restTemplate(){
        return new RestTemplate();
    };

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        SpringApplication.run(ConsumerApplication.class, args);
    }
}

服务消费方的UserController.java

@RestController
public class UserController {
    @Autowired
    private RestTemplate restTemplate;

    @Autowired
    private DiscoveryClient discoveryClient;

    @GetMapping("consumer/user/{id}")
    public User getUserById(@PathVariable("id") Long id) {
        List<ServiceInstance> instances = discoveryClient.getInstances("SERVICE-PROVIDER");
        ServiceInstance instance = instances.get(0);
        String host = instance.getHost();
        int port = instance.getPort();
        return this.restTemplate.getForObject("http://" + host + ":" + port + "/user/" + id, User.class);
    }
}

服务消费方的application.yaml

server:
  port: 8083
spring:
  application:
    name: service-consumer
eureka:
  client:
    service-url:
      defaultZone: http://127.0.0.1:8761/eureka, http://127.0.0.1:8762/eureka
    registry-fetch-interval-seconds: 5 # 拉取服务列表时间间隔
  instance:
    prefer-ip-address: true
    ip-address: 127.0.0.1

（2）负载均衡器Ribbon

服务消费方

服务消费方的ConsumerApplication.java

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableDiscoveryClient
public class ConsumerApplication {
    @Bean
    @LoadBalanced
    public RestTemplate restTemplate(){
        return new RestTemplate();
    };

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        SpringApplication.run(ConsumerApplication.class, args);
    }
}

服务消费方的UserController.java

@RestController
public class UserController {
    @Autowired
    private RestTemplate restTemplate;

    @GetMapping("consumer/user/{id}")
    public User getUserById(@PathVariable("id") Long id) {

        return this.restTemplate.getForObject("http://service-provider/user/" + id, User.class);
    }
}

服务消费方的application.yaml

server:
  port: 8083
spring:
  application:
    name: service-consumer
eureka:
  client:
    service-url:
      defaultZone: http://127.0.0.1:8761/eureka, http://127.0.0.1:8762/eureka
    registry-fetch-interval-seconds: 5 # 拉取服务列表时间间隔
  instance:
    prefer-ip-address: true
    ip-address: 127.0.0.1
service-provider:
  ribbon:
    NFLoadBalancerRuleClassName: com.netflix.loadbalancer.RandomRule

（3）熔断器Hystrix

服务消费方

服务消费方的ConsumerApplication.java

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableDiscoveryClient
@EnableCircuitBreaker
public class ConsumerApplication {
    @Bean
    @LoadBalanced
    public RestTemplate restTemplate(){
        return new RestTemplate();
    };

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        SpringApplication.run(ConsumerApplication.class, args);
    }
}

服务消费方的UserController.java

@RestController
public class UserController {
    @Autowired
    private RestTemplate restTemplate;

    @GetMapping("consumer/user/{id}")
    @HystrixCommand(fallbackMethod = "getUserByIdFallback")
    public User getUserById(@PathVariable("id") Long id) {

        return this.restTemplate.getForObject("http://service-provider/user/" + id, User.class);
    }

    public User getUserByIdFallback(Long id) {
        User user = new User();
        return user;
    }
}

（4）网关Zuul

ZuulServiceApplication.java

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableZuulProxy
@EnableDiscoveryClient
public class ZuulServiceApplication {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(ZuulServiceApplication.class, args);
    }
}

application.yaml

server:
  port: 5555
spring:
  application:
    name: zuul-service
eureka:
  client:
    service-url:
      defaultZone: http://127.0.0.1:8761/eureka, http://127.0.0.1:8762/eureka
    registry-fetch-interval-seconds: 5
  instance:
    lease-renewal-interval-in-seconds: 5 # 服务续约时间间隔
    lease-expiration-duration-in-seconds: 15 # 服务失效时间间隔
    prefer-ip-address: true
    ip-address: 127.0.0.1
zuul:
  routes:
    service-consumer: /service-consumer/**
  prefix: /api
hystrix:
  command:
    default:
      execution:
        isolation:
          thread:
            timeoutInMilliseconds: 6000