Puri language
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|
| Puri | |
|---|---|
| Puri–Coroado | |
| Kwaytikindo | |
| Pronunciation | [kwajtikiⁿdo] |
| Native to | Brazil |
| Ethnicity | Puri people |
| Extinct | late 19th century[1] |
| Revival | 2010s |
Purian
| |
| Dialects |
|
| Latin | |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | prr |
| Glottolog | puri1262 Puri |
Puri (Puri: Kwaytikindo 'language') is an extinct and revitalizing language of eastern Brazil, spoken by the Puri people. It ceased being spoken sometime in the 19th century, but the Puri people have begun to use the language once more. It can be considered a language isolate, with the related Coroado language seen as a dialect.
Classification
[edit]Puri is part of the eponymous Purian language family, composed of Coroado, Puri and possibly Waitaká, which is unattested. Previously, the Koropó language was seen as Purian,[2] but it has been proven to be part of the Maxakalían languages instead.[3]
History
[edit]In the 2010s, a Puri language revitalization project was launched in the indigenous village of Maraká’nà (Maracanã), Rio de Janeiro State.[4] In 2021, a primer was published.[5]
Phonology
[edit]A hypothetical inventory of Puri, based on phonological data from various scholars, was created by Neto in 2007.[6][2]
Consonants
[edit]| Bilabial | Alveolar | Post-alveolar | Palatal | Velar | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plosive | b ᵐp p | t | k | ||
| Nasal | m | n | ɲ | ||
| Sibilant affricate | t̠ʃ | ||||
| Sibilant fricative | ʃ | ||||
| Approximant | j | ||||
| Tap/flap | ɾ |
Vowels
[edit]| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Close | i | (ɨ) | u |
| Close-mid | e | o | |
| Open | ä |
It is uncertain if [ɨ] existed in Puri.
Orthography
[edit]The Puri orthogaphy is as follows:[5]
| Letter | A a | B b | D d | DJ dj | E e | F f | H h | I i | Ï ï | J j | K k | L l | M m |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Phoneme | [a] | [b] | [d] | [d͡ʒ] | [ɛ], [e] | [f] | [h] | [i] | [ɨ] | [ʒ] | [k(ʰ)] | [l] | [m] |
| Letter | MB mb | N n | ND nd | NG ng | O o | P p | R r | S s | T t | TH th | TS ts | TX tx | U u |
| Phoneme | [ᵐb] | [n] | [ⁿd] | [ŋ] | [o:] | [p] | [ɾ] | [s] | [t] | [θ] | [ts] | [t͡ʃ] | [u] |
| Letter | V v | W w | X x | Y y | |||||||||
| Phoneme | [v] | [w] | [ʃ] | [j] | |||||||||
Vocabulary
[edit]Numerals
[edit]| Numeral | Puri |
|---|---|
| 1 | omi |
| 2 | kuriri |
| 3 | patapakon |
| 4 | papante |
| 5 | xapretxi |
| 6 | xapretxi-omi |
| 7 | popawan |
| 8 | popawan-omi |
| 9 | popawan-kuriri |
| 10 | xapereday |
References
[edit]- ^ Puri at Ethnologue (25th ed., 2022)
- ^ a b Neto, Ambrósio Pereira da Silva (2007). Revisão da Classificaçao Da Família Lingüística Puri (PDF) (Thesis). p. 23. Retrieved 23 November 2022.
- ^ Campbell, Lyle (2024-06-25), "Indigenous Languages of South America", The Indigenous Languages of the Americas (1 ed.), Oxford University PressNew York, pp. 182–279, doi:10.1093/oso/9780197673461.003.0004, ISBN 978-0-19-767346-1, retrieved 2025-04-21
- ^ Puri, Txâma Xambé; Puri, Tutushamum; Puri, Xindêda (2021-01-20). "Kwaytikindo: retomada linguística Puri". Revista Brasileira de Línguas Indígenas. 3 (2): 77. doi:10.18468/rbli.2020v3n2.p77-101. ISSN 2595-685X.
- ^ a b c Gamito, José Aristides Silva (2021-01-01). Cartilha da Língua Puri - um exercício de revitalização.
- ^ "Puri". South American Phonological Inventory Database (SAPhon v2.1.0). UC Berkeley. Retrieved 23 November 2022.
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