Compute CRC32C using AVX-512 instructions where available

The previous implementation of CRC32C on x86 relied on the native
CRC32 instruction from the SSE 4.2 extension, which operates on
up to 8 bytes at a time. We can get a substantial speedup by using
carryless multiplication on SIMD registers, processing 64 bytes per
loop iteration. Shorter inputs fall back to ordinary CRC instructions.
On Intel Tiger Lake hardware (2020), CRC is now 50% faster for inputs
between 64 and 112 bytes, and 3x faster for 256 bytes.

The VPCLMULQDQ instruction on 512-bit registers has been available
on Intel hardware since 2019 and AMD since 2022. There is an older
variant for 128-bit registers, but at least on Zen 2 it performs worse
than normal CRC instructions for short inputs.

We must now do a runtime check, even for builds that target SSE
4.2. This doesn't matter in practice for WAL (arguably the most
critical case), because since commit e2809e3a1 the final computation
with the 20-byte WAL header is inlined and unrolled when targeting
that extension. Compared with two direct function calls, testing
showed equal or slightly faster performance in performing an indirect
function call on several dozen bytes followed by inlined instructions
on constant input of 20 bytes.

The MIT-licensed implementation was generated with the "generate"
program from

https://github.com/corsix/fast-crc32/

Based on: "Fast CRC Computation for Generic Polynomials Using PCLMULQDQ
Instruction" V. Gopal, E. Ozturk, et al., 2009

Co-authored-by: Raghuveer Devulapalli <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Paul Amonson <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Andres Freund <[email protected]> (earlier version)
Reviewed-by: Matthew Sterrett <[email protected]> (earlier version)
Tested-by: Raghuveer Devulapalli <[email protected]>
Tested-by: David Rowley <<[email protected]>> (earlier version)
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/BL1PR11MB530401FA7E9B1CA432CF9DC3DC192@BL1PR11MB5304.namprd11.prod.outlook.com
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/PH8PR11MB82869FF741DFA4E9A029FF13FBF72@PH8PR11MB8286.namprd11.prod.outlook.com

1 files changed, 24 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/strings.out b/src/test/regress/expected/strings.out
index dc485735aa4..174f0a68331 100644
--- a/src/test/regress/expected/strings.out
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/strings.out
@@ -2330,6 +2330,30 @@ SELECT crc32c('The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.');
  419469235
 (1 row)
 
+SELECT crc32c(repeat('A', 127)::bytea);
+  crc32c   
+-----------
+ 291820082
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT crc32c(repeat('A', 128)::bytea);
+  crc32c   
+-----------
+ 816091258
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT crc32c(repeat('A', 129)::bytea);
+   crc32c   
+------------
+ 4213642571
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT crc32c(repeat('A', 800)::bytea);
+   crc32c   
+------------
+ 3134039419
+(1 row)
+
 --
 -- encode/decode
 --