path: root/doc/src/sgml/docguide.sgml

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<appendix id="docguide">
 <title>Documentation</title>

 <para>
  <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> has four primary documentation
  formats:

  <itemizedlist>
   <listitem>
    <para>
     Plain text, for pre-installation information
    </para>
   </listitem>
   <listitem>
    <para>
     <acronym>HTML</acronym>, for on-line browsing and reference
    </para>
   </listitem>
   <listitem>
    <para>
     Postscript, for printing
    </para>
   </listitem>
   <listitem>
    <para>
     man pages, for quick reference.
    </para>
   </listitem>
  </itemizedlist>

  Additionally, a number of plain-text README-type files can be found
  throughout the <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> source tree,
  documenting various implementation issues.
 </para>

 <para>
  The documentation is organized into several <quote>books</quote>:

  <itemizedlist>
   <listitem>
    <para>
     <citetitle>Tutorial</citetitle>:  introduction for new users
    </para>
   </listitem>
   <listitem>
    <para>
     <citetitle>User's Guide</citetitle>: documents the SQL implementation
    </para>
   </listitem>
   <listitem>
    <para>
     <citetitle>Reference Manual</citetitle>: reference pages for programs and SQL commands
    </para>
   </listitem>
   <listitem>
    <para>
     <citetitle>Administrator's Guide</citetitle>: installation and server maintenance
    </para>
   </listitem>
   <listitem>
    <para>
     <citetitle>Programmer's Guide</citetitle>: programming client
     applications and server extensions
    </para>
   </listitem>
   <listitem>
    <para>
     <citetitle>Developer's Guide</citetitle>: assorted information
     for developers of <productname>PostgreSQL</> proper
    </para>
   </listitem>
  </itemizedlist>

  All books are available as HTML and Postscript.  The
  <citetitle>Reference Manual</citetitle> contains reference entries which
  are also shipped as man pages.
 </para>

 <para>
  <acronym>HTML</acronym> documentation and man pages are part of a
  standard distribution and are installed by default.  Postscript
  format documentation is available separately for download.
 </para>

 <sect1>
  <title>DocBook</title>
  <para>
   The documentation sources are written in
   <firstterm>DocBook</firstterm>, which is a markup language
   superficially similar to <acronym>HTML</acronym>.  Both of these
   languages are applications of the <firstterm>Standard Generalized
   Markup Language</firstterm>, <acronym>SGML</acronym>, which is
   essentially a language for describing other languages.  In what
   follows, the terms DocBook and SGML are both used, but technically
   they are not interchangeable.
  </para>

  <para>
  <productname>DocBook</productname> allows an author to specify the
   structure and content of a technical document without worrying
   about presentation details.  A document style defines how that
   content is rendered into one of several final forms.  DocBook is
   maintained by the <ulink
   url="http://www.oasis-open.org">OASIS</ulink> group.  The <ulink
   url="http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook">official DocBook
   site</ulink> has good introductory and reference documentation and
   a complete O'Reilly book for your online reading pleasure.  The
   <ulink url="http://www.freebsd.org/docproj/docproj.html">FreeBSD
   Documentation Project</ulink> also uses DocBook and has some good
   information, including a number of style guidelines that might be
   worth considering.
  </para>
 </sect1>


 <sect1 id="doc-toolsets">
  <title>Tool Sets</title>

  <para>
   The following tools are used to process the documentation.  Some
   may be optional, as noted.

   <variablelist>
    <varlistentry>
     <term><ulink url="http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/sgml/">DocBook DTD</ulink></term>
     <listitem>
      <para>
       This is the definition of DocBook itself.  We currently use
       version 3.1; you cannot use later or earlier versions.  Note
       that there is also an <acronym>XML</acronym> version of DocBook
       -- do not use that.
      </para>
     </listitem>
    </varlistentry>

    <varlistentry>
     <term><ulink url="http://www.oasis-open.org/cover/ISOEnts.zip">ISO 8879 character entities</ulink></term>
     <listitem>
      <para>
       These are required by DocBook but are distributed separately
       because they are maintained by ISO.
      </para>
     </listitem>
    </varlistentry>

    <varlistentry>
     <term><ulink url="http://openjade.sourceforge.net">OpenJade</ulink></term>
     <listitem>
      <para>
       This is the base package of <acronym>SGML</acronym> processing.
       It contains an <acronym>SGML</acronym> parser, a
       <acronym>DSSSL</acronym> processor (that is, a program to
       convert <acronym>SGML</acronym> to other formats using
       <acronym>DSSSL</acronym> stylesheets), as well as a number of
       related tools.  <productname>Jade</productname> is now being
       maintained by the OpenJade group, no longer by James Clark.
      </para>
     </listitem>
    </varlistentry>

    <varlistentry>
     <term><ulink url="http://docbook.sourceforge.net/projects/dsssl/index.html">DocBook DSSSL Stylesheets</ulink></term>
     <listitem>
      <para>
       These contain the processing instructions for converting the
       DocBook sources to other formats, such as
       <acronym>HTML</acronym>.
      </para>
     </listitem>
    </varlistentry>

    <varlistentry>
     <term><ulink url="http://docbook2x.sourceforge.net">DocBook2X tools</ulink></term>
     <listitem>
      <para>
       This optional package is used to create man pages.  It has a
       number of prerequisite packages of its own.  Check the web
       site.
      </para>
     </listitem>
    </varlistentry>

    <varlistentry>
     <term><ulink url="http://jadetex.sourceforge.net">JadeTeX</ulink></term>
     <listitem>
      <para>
       If you want to, you can also install
       <productname>JadeTeX</productname> to use
       <productname>TeX</productname> as a formatting backend for
       <productname>Jade</productname>.
       <application>JadeTeX</application> can create Postscript or
       <acronym>PDF</acronym> files (the latter with bookmarks).
      </para>

      <para>
       However, the output from <application>JadeTeX</application> is
       inferior to what you get from the <acronym>RTF</acronym>
       backend.  Particular problem areas are tables and various
       artifacts of vertical and horizontal spacing.  Also, there is
       no opportunity to manually polish the results.
      </para>
     </listitem>
    </varlistentry>
   </variablelist>
  </para>

  <para>
   We have documented experience with several installation methods for
   the various tools that are needed to process the documentation.
   These will be described below.  There may be some other packaged
   distributions for these tools. Please report package status to the
   docs mailing list and we will include that information here.
  </para>

  <sect2>
   <title><productname>Linux</productname> <acronym>RPM</acronym> Installation</title>

   <para>
    Many vendors provide a complete RPM set for DocBook processing in
    their distribution, which is usually based on the <ulink
    url="http://sources.redhat.com/docbook-tools/">docbook-tools</ulink>
    effort at Red Hat Software.  Look for an <quote>SGML</quote>
    option while installing, or the following packages:
    <filename>sgml-common</filename>, <filename>docbook</filename>,
    <filename>stylesheets</filename>, <filename>openjade</filename>
    (or <filename>jade</filename>).  Possibly
    <filename>sgml-tools</filename> will be needed as well.  If your
    distributor does not provide these then you should be able to make
    use of the packages from some other, reasonably compatible vendor.
   </para>
  </sect2>

  <sect2>
   <title>FreeBSD Installation</title>

   <para>
    The FreeBSD Documentation Project is itself a heavy user of
    DocBook, so it comes as no surprise that there is a full set of
    <quote>ports</quote> of the documentation tools available on
    FreeBSD.  The following ports need to be installed to build the
    documentation on FreeBSD.
    <itemizedlist>
     <listitem>
      <para><filename>textproc/sp</filename></para>
     </listitem>
     <listitem>
      <para><filename>textproc/openjade</filename></para>
     </listitem>
     <listitem>
      <para><filename>textproc/docbook-310</filename></para>
     </listitem>
     <listitem>
      <para><filename>textproc/iso8879</filename></para>
     </listitem>
     <listitem>
      <para><filename>textproc/dsssl-docbook-modular</filename></para>
     </listitem>
    </itemizedlist>
    A number of things from <filename>/usr/ports/print</filename>
    (<filename>tex</filename>, <filename>jadetex</filename>) might
    also be of interest.
   </para>

   <para>
    It's possible that the ports do not update the main catalog file
    in <filename>/usr/local/share/sgml/catalog</filename>.  Be sure to
    have the following line in there:
<programlisting>
CATALOG "/usr/local/share/sgml/docbook/3.1/catalog"
</programlisting>
    If you do not want to edit the file you can also set the
    environment variable <envar>SGML_CATALOG_FILES</envar> to a
    colon-separated list of catalog files (such as the one above).
   </para>

   <para>
    More information about the FreeBSD documentation tools can be
    found in the <ulink
    url="http://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/fdp-primer/tools.html">FreeBSD
    Documentation Project's instructions</ulink>.
   </para>
  </sect2>

  <sect2>
   <title>Debian Packages</title>

   <para>
    There is a full set of packages of the documentation tools
    available for <productname>Debian GNU/Linux</productname>.
    To install, simply use:
<programlisting>
apt-get install jade
apt-get install docbook
apt-get install docbook-stylesheets
</programlisting>
   </para>
  </sect2>

  <sect2>
   <title>Manual Installation from Source</title>

   <para>
    The manual installation process of the DocBook tools is somewhat
    complex, so if you have pre-built packages available, use them.
    We describe here only a standard setup, with reasonably standard
    installation paths, and no <quote>fancy</quote> features.  For
    details, you should study the documentation of the respective
    package, and read <acronym>SGML</acronym> introductory material.
   </para>

   <sect3>
    <title>Installing OpenJade</title>

    <procedure>
      <step>
       <para>
        The installation of OpenJade offers a GNU-style
        <literal>./configure; make; make install</literal> build
        process.  Details can be found in the OpenJade source
        distribution. In a nutshell:
<synopsis>
./configure --enable-default-catalog=/usr/local/share/sgml/catalog
make
make install
</synopsis>
        Be sure to remember where you put the <quote>default
        catalog</quote>; you will need it below.  You can also leave
        it off, but then you will have to set the environment variable
        <envar>SGML_CATALOG_FILES</envar> to point to the file
        whenever you use <application>jade</application> later on.
        (This method is also an option if OpenJade is already
        installed and you want to install the rest of the toolchain
        locally.)
       </para>
      </step>

      <step id="doc-openjade-install">
       <para>
        Additionally, you should install the files
        <filename>dsssl.dtd</filename>, <filename>fot.dtd</filename>,
        <filename>style-sheet.dtd</filename>, and
        <filename>catalog</filename> from the
        <filename>dsssl</filename> directory somewhere, perhaps into
        <filename>/usr/local/share/sgml/dsssl</filename>.  It's
        probably easiest to copy the entire directory:
<synopsis>
cp -R dsssl /usr/local/share/sgml
</synopsis>
       </para>
      </step>

      <step>
       <para>
        Finally, create the file
        <filename>/usr/local/share/sgml/catalog</filename> and add
        this line to it:
<programlisting>
CATALOG "dsssl/catalog"
</programlisting>
        (This is a relative path reference to the file installed in
        <xref linkend="doc-openjade-install">.  Be sure to adjust it
        if you chose your installation layout differently.)
       </para>
      </step>
     </procedure>
   </sect3>

   <sect3>
    <title>Installing the <productname>DocBook</productname> <acronym>DTD</acronym> Kit</title>

    <procedure>
     <step>
      <para>
       Obtain the <ulink
       url="http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/sgml/3.1/docbk31.zip">DocBook
       V3.1</ulink> distribution.
      </para>
     </step>

     <step>
      <para>
       Create the directory
       <filename>/usr/local/share/sgml/docbook31</filename> and change
       to it. (The exact location is irrelevant, but this one is
       reasonable within the layout we are following here.)
<screen>
<prompt>$ </prompt><userinput>mkdir /usr/local/share/sgml/docbook31</userinput>
<prompt>$ </prompt><userinput>cd /usr/local/share/sgml/docbook31</userinput>
</screen>
      </para>
     </step>

     <step>
      <para>
       Unpack the archive.
<screen>
<prompt>$ </prompt><userinput>unzip -a ...../docbk31.zip</userinput>
</screen>
       (The archive will unpack its files into the current directory.)
      </para>
     </step>

     <step>
      <para>
       Edit the file
       <filename>/usr/local/share/sgml/catalog</filename> (or whatever
       you told jade during installation) and put a line like this
       into it:
<programlisting>
CATALOG "docbook31/docbook.cat"
</programlisting>
      </para>
     </step>

     <step>
      <para>
       Optionally, you can edit the file
       <filename>docbook.cat</filename> and comment out or remove the
       line containing <literal>DTDDECL</literal>.  If you do not then
       you will get warnings from <application>jade</application>, but
       there is no further harm.
      </para>
     </step>

     <step>
      <para>
       Download the <ulink
       url="http://www.oasis-open.org/cover/ISOEnts.zip">ISO 8879
       character entities</ulink> archive, unpack it, and put the
       files in the same directory you put the DocBook files in.
<screen>
<prompt>$ </prompt><userinput>cd /usr/local/share/sgml/docbook31</userinput>
<prompt>$ </prompt><userinput>unzip ...../ISOEnts.zip</userinput>
</screen>
      </para>
     </step>

     <step>
      <para>
       Run the following command in the directory with the DocBook and ISO files:
<programlisting>
perl -pi -e 's/iso-(.*).gml/ISO\1/g' docbook.cat
</programlisting>
       (This fixes a mixup between the names used in the DocBook
       catalog file and the actual names of the ISO character entity
       files.)
      </para>
     </step>
    </procedure>
   </sect3>

   <sect3>
    <title>Installing the DocBook <acronym>DSSSL</acronym> Style Sheets</title>

    <para>
     To install the style sheets, unzip and untar the distribution and
     move it to a suitable place, for example
     <filename>/usr/local/share/sgml</filename>.  (The archive will
     automatically create a subdirectory.)
<screen>
<prompt>$</prompt> <userinput>gunzip docbook-dsssl-1.<replaceable>xx</>.tar.gz</userinput>
<prompt>$</prompt> <userinput>tar -C /usr/local/share/sgml -xf docbook-dsssl-1.<replaceable>xx</>.tar</userinput>
</screen>
    </para>

    <para>
     The usual catalog entry in
     <filename>/usr/local/share/sgml/catalog</filename> can also be
     made:
<programlisting>
CATALOG "docbook-dsssl--1.<replaceable>xx</>/catalog
</programlisting>
     Because stylesheets change rather often, and it's sometimes
     beneficial to try out alternative versions,
     <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> doesn't use this catalog
     entry.  See <xref linkend="doc-build"> for information about how
     to select the stylesheets instead.
    </para>
   </sect3>

   <sect3>
    <title>Installing <productname>JadeTeX</productname></title>

    <para>
     To install and use <productname>JadeTeX</productname>, you will
     need a working installation of <productname>TeX</productname> and
     <productname>LaTeX2e</productname>, including the supported
     <productname>tools</productname> and
     <productname>graphics</productname> packages,
     <productname>Babel</productname>,
     <productname><acronym>AMS</acronym> fonts</productname> and
     <productname>AMS-LaTeX</productname>, the
     <productname><acronym>PSNFSS</acronym></productname> extension
     and companion kit of <quote>the 35 fonts</quote>, the
     <productname>dvips</productname> program for generating
     <productname>PostScript</productname>, the macro packages
     <productname>fancyhdr</productname>,
     <productname>hyperref</productname>,
     <productname>minitoc</productname>,
     <productname>url</productname> and
     <productname>ot2enc</productname>.  All of these can be found on
     your friendly neighborhood <ulink
     url="http://www.ctan.org"><acronym>CTAN</acronym></ulink> site.
     The installation of the <application>TeX</application> base
     system is far beyond the scope of this introduction.  Binary
     packages should be available for any system that can run
     <application>TeX</application>.
    </para>

    <para>
     Before you can use <application>JadeTeX</application> with the
     <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> documentation sources, you
     will need to increase the size of
     <application>TeX</application>'s internal data structures.
     Details on this can be found in the <application>JadeTeX</application>
     installation instructions.
    </para>

    <para>
     Once that is finished you can install <application>JadeTeX</application>:
<screen>
<prompt>$</prompt> <userinput>gunzip jadetex-<replaceable>xxx</replaceable>.tar.gz</userinput>
<prompt>$</prompt> <userinput>tar xf jadetex-<replaceable>xxx</replaceable>.tar</userinput>
<prompt>$</prompt> <userinput>cd jadetex</userinput>
<prompt>$</prompt> <userinput>make install</userinput>
<prompt>$</prompt> <userinput>mktexlsr</userinput>
</screen>
     The last two need to be done as <systemitem>root</systemitem>.
    </para>

   </sect3>

  </sect2>
 </sect1>


 <sect1 id="doc-build">
  <title>Building The Documentation</title>

  <para>
   Before you can build the documentation you need to run the
   <filename>configure</filename> script as you would when building
   the programs themselves.  Check the output near the end of the run,
   it should look something like this:
<screen>
<computeroutput>
checking for onsgmls... onsgmls
checking for openjade... openjade
checking for DocBook V3.1... yes
checking for DocBook stylesheets... /usr/lib/sgml/stylesheets/nwalsh-modular
checking for sgmlspl... sgmlspl
</computeroutput>
</screen>
   If neither <filename>onsgmls</filename> nor
   <filename>nsgmls</filename> were found then you will not see the
   remaining 4 lines.  <filename>nsgmls</filename> is part of the Jade
   package.  If <quote>DocBook V3.1</quote> was not found then you did
   not install the DocBook DTD kit in a place where jade can find it,
   or you have not set up the catalog files correctly.  See the
   installation hints above.  The DocBook stylesheets are looked for
   in a number of relatively standard places, but if you have them
   some other place then you should set the environment variable
   <envar>DOCBOOKSTYLE</envar> to the location and rerun
   <filename>configure</filename> afterwards.
  </para>

  <para>
   Once you have everything set up, change to the directory
   <filename>doc/src/sgml</filename> and run one of the following
   commands: (Remember to use GNU make.)
   <itemizedlist>
    <listitem>
     <para>
      To build the <acronym>HTML</acronym> version of the
      <citetitle>Administrator's Guide</citetitle>:
<screen>
<prompt>doc/src/sgml$ </prompt><userinput>gmake admin.html</userinput>
</screen>
     </para>
    </listitem>

    <listitem>
     <para>
      For the RTF version of the same:
<screen>
<prompt>doc/src/sgml$ </prompt><userinput>gmake admin.rtf</userinput>
</screen>
     </para>
    </listitem>

    <listitem>
     <para>
      To get a <acronym>DVI</acronym> version via
      <productname>JadeTeX</productname>:
<screen>
<prompt>doc/src/sgml$ </prompt><userinput>gmake admin.dvi</userinput>
</screen>
     </para>
    </listitem>

    <listitem>
     <para>
      And Postscript from the <acronym>DVI</acronym>:
<screen>
<prompt>doc/src/sgml$ </prompt><userinput>gmake admin.ps</userinput>
</screen>
     </para>
     <note>
      <para>
       The official Postscript format documentation is generated
       differently.  See <xref linkend="doc-hardcopy"> below.
      </para>
     </note>
    </listitem>
   </itemizedlist>

   The other books can be built with analogous commands by replacing
   <literal>admin</literal> with one of <literal>developer</literal>,
   <literal>programmer</literal>, <literal>tutorial</literal>, or
   <literal>user</literal>.  Using <literal>postgres</literal> builds
   an integrated version of all 5 books, which is practical since the
   browser interface makes it easy to move around all of the
   documentation by just clicking.
  </para>

  <sect2>
   <title>HTML</title>

   <para>
    When building <acronym>HTML</acronym> documentation in
    <filename>doc/src/sgml</filename>, some of the resulting files
    will possibly (or quite certainly) have conflicting names between
    books.  Therefore the files are not in that directory in the
    regular distribution.  Instead, the files belonging to each book
    are stored in a tar archive that is unpacked at installation time.
    To create a set of <acronym>HTML</acronym> documentation packages
    use the commands
<programlisting>
cd doc/src
gmake tutorial.tar.gz
gmake user.tar.gz
gmake admin.tar.gz
gmake programmer.tar.gz
gmake postgres.tar.gz
gmake install
</programlisting>
    In the distribution, these archives live in the
    <filename>doc</filename> directory and are installed by default
    with <command>gmake install</command>.
  </para>
 </sect2>

 <sect2 id="doc-manpages">
  <title>Manpages</title>

  <para>
   We use the <application>docbook2man</application> utility to
   convert <productname>DocBook</productname>
   <sgmltag>REFENTRY</sgmltag> pages to *roff output suitable for man
   pages.  The man pages are also distributed as a tar archive,
   similar to the <acronym>HTML</acronym> version.  To create the man page package, use the commands
<programlisting>
cd doc/src
gmake man
</programlisting>
   which will result in a tar file being generated in the
   <filename>doc/src</filename> directory.
  </para>

  <para>
   The man build leaves a lot of confusing output, and special care
   must be taken to produce quality results.  There is still room for
   improvement in this area.
  </para>
 </sect2>

 <sect2 id="doc-hardcopy">
  <title>Hardcopy Generation</title>

  <para>
   The hardcopy Postscript documentation is generated by converting the
   <acronym>SGML</acronym> source code to <acronym>RTF</acronym>, then
   importing into <productname>Applixware</productname>. 
   After a little cleanup (see the following
   section) the output is <quote>printed</quote> to a postscript file.
  </para>

<!--
  <para>
   Some figures were redrawn to avoid having bitmap
   <acronym>GIF</acronym> files in the hardcopy documentation. One
   figure, of the system catalogs, was sufficiently complex that there
   was  not time to redraw it. It was converted to fit using the
   following commands:

   <programlisting>
% convert -monochrome -v -geometry 500x500'>' catalogs.ps catalogs.gif
% convert -v -crop 400x500 catalogs.gif catalogs-cropped.gif
   </programlisting>

  </para>
-->

   <para>
    Several areas are addressed while generating Postscript
    hardcopy, including RTF repair, ToC generation, and page break
    adjustments. 
   </para>

   <procedure>
    <title><productname>Applixware</productname> <acronym>RTF</acronym> Cleanup</title>

    <para>
     <application>jade</application>, an integral part of the
     hardcopy procedure, omits specifying a default style for body
     text. In the past, this undiagnosed problem led to a long process
     of Table of Contents (ToC) generation. However, with great help
     from the <productname>Applixware</productname> folks the symptom was diagnosed and a
     workaround is available.
    </para>

    <step performance="required">
     <para>
      Generate the <acronym>RTF</acronym> input by typing (for example):
      <programlisting>
% cd doc/src/sgml
% make tutorial.rtf
      </programlisting>
     </para>
    </step>


    <step performance="required">
     <para>
      Repair the RTF file to correctly specify all
      styles, in particular the default style. If the document
       contains <sgmltag>REFENTRY</sgmltag> sections, one must also
       replace formatting hints which tie a
       <emphasis>preceding</emphasis> paragraph to the current
       paragraph, and instead tie the current paragraph to the
       following one. A utility, <application>fixrtf</application> is
       available in 
       <filename>doc/src/sgml</filename> to accomplish these repairs:

       <programlisting>
% cd doc/src/sgml
% fixrtf tutorial.rtf
       </programlisting>

       or

       <programlisting>
% cd doc/src/sgml
% fixrtf --refentry reference.rtf
       </programlisting>
      </para>

      <para>
      The script adds <literal>{\s0 Normal;}</literal> as
      the zero-th style in the document. According to <productname>Applixware</productname>, the
      RTF standard would prohibit adding an implicit zero-th style,
      though M$Word happens to handle this case. For repairing
       <sgmltag>REFENTRY</sgmltag> sections, the script replaces
       <literal>\keepn</literal> tags with <literal>\keep</literal>.
     </para>
    </step>

    <step performance="required">
     <para>
      Open a new document in <productname>Applixware Words</productname> and
      then import the <acronym>RTF</acronym> file.
     </para>
    </step>

    <step performance="required">
     <para>
      Generate a new ToC using <productname>Applixware</productname>.
     </para>

     <substeps>
      <step>
       <para>
	Select the existing ToC lines, from the beginning of the first
	character on the first line to the last character of the last
	line.
       </para>
      </step>

      <step>
       <para>
	Build a new ToC using
	<literal>Tools.BookBuilding.CreateToC</literal>. Select the
	first three levels of headers for inclusion in the ToC. 
	This will
	replace the existing lines imported in the RTF with a native
	<productname>Applixware</productname> ToC.
       </para>
      </step>

      <step>
       <para>
	Adjust the ToC formatting by using
	<literal>Format.Style</literal>, selecting each of the three
	ToC styles, and adjusting the indents for <literal>First</literal> and
	<literal>Left</literal>. Use the following values:

	<table>
	 <title>Indent Formatting for Table of Contents</title>
	 <tgroup cols="3">
	  <thead>
	   <row>
	    <entry>
	     Style
	    </entry>
	    <entry>
	     First Indent (inches)
	    </entry>
	    <entry>
	     Left Indent (inches)
	    </entry>
	   </row>
	  </thead>

	  <tbody>
	   <row>
	    <entry>
	     <literal>TOC-Heading 1</literal>
	    </entry>
	    <entry>
	     <literal>0.4</literal>
	    </entry>
	    <entry>
	     <literal>0.4</literal>
	    </entry>
	   </row>

	   <row>
	    <entry>
	     <literal>TOC-Heading 2</literal>
	    </entry>
	    <entry>
	     <literal>0.8</literal>
	    </entry>
	    <entry>
	     <literal>0.8</literal>
	    </entry>
	   </row>

	   <row>
	    <entry>
	     <literal>TOC-Heading 3</literal>
	    </entry>
	    <entry>
	     <literal>1.2</literal>
	    </entry>
	    <entry>
	     <literal>1.2</literal>
	    </entry>
	   </row>
	  </tbody>
	 </tgroup>
	</table>
       </para>
      </step>
     </substeps>
    </step>

    <step performance="required">
     <para>
      Work through the document to:

      <itemizedlist>
       <listitem>
	<para>
	 Adjust page breaks.
	</para>
       </listitem>

       <listitem>
	<para>
	 Adjust table column widths.
	</para>
       </listitem>

       <listitem>
	<para>
	 Insert figures into the document. Center each figure on the page using
	 the centering margins button on the <productname>Applixware</productname> toolbar.

	 <note>
	  <para>
	   Not all documents have figures.
	   You can grep the <acronym>SGML</acronym> source files for
	   the string <literal>graphic</literal> to identify those parts of the
	   documentation that may have figures. A few figures are replicated in
	   various parts of the documentation.
	  </para>
	 </note>
	</para>
       </listitem>
      </itemizedlist>
     </para>
    </step>

    <step performance="required">
     <para>
      Replace the right-justified page numbers in the Examples and
      Figures portions of the ToC with
      correct values. This only takes a few minutes per document.
     </para>
    </step>

<!--
Later stylesheets seem to not need this adjustment - thomas 2001-11-29
    <step performance="required">
     <para>
      If a bibliography is present, remove the <firstterm>short
       form</firstterm> reference title from each entry. The
      <productname>DocBook</productname> stylesheets from Norm Walsh
      seem to print these out, even though this is a subset of the
      information immediately following.
     </para>
    </step>
-->

    <step performance="optional">
     <para>
       Delete the index section from the document if it is empty.
     </para>
    </step>

    <step performance="required">
     <para>
       Regenerate and adjust the table of contents.
     </para>

      <substeps>
       <step>
	<para>
	 Select the ToC field.
	</para>
       </step>

       <step>
	<para>
	 Select
	 <literal>Tools->Book Building->Create Table of
	  Contents</literal>. 
	</para>
       </step>

       <step>
	<para>
	 Unbind the ToC by selecting
	 <literal>Tools->Field Editing->Unprotect</literal>.
	</para>
       </step>

       <step>
	<para>
	 Delete the first line in the ToC, which is an entry for the
	 ToC itself.
	</para>
       </step>
      </substeps>
    </step>

    <step performance="required">
     <para>
      Save the document as native <productname>Applixware Words</productname> format to allow easier last
      minute editing later.
     </para>
    </step>

    <step performance="required">
     <para>
      <quote>Print</quote> the document
      to a file in Postscript format.
     </para>
    </step>

    <step performance="required">
     <para>
      Compress the Postscript file using <application>gzip</application>.
      Place the compressed file into the <filename>doc</filename> directory.
     </para>
    </step>
   </procedure>
  </sect2>

  <sect2>
   <title>Plain Text Files</title>

   <para>
    Several files are distributed as plain text, for reading during
    the installation process. The <filename>INSTALL</filename> file
    corresponds to the chapter in the <citetitle>Administrator's
    Guide</citetitle>, with some minor changes to account for the
    different context.  To recreate the file, change to the directory
    <filename>doc/src/sgml</filename> and enter <userinput>gmake
    INSTALL</userinput>.  This will create a file
    <filename>INSTALL.html</filename> that can be saved as text with
    <productname>Netscape Navigator</productname> and put into the
    place of the existing file.  <productname>Netscape</productname>
    seems to offer the best quality for <acronym>HTML</acronym> to
    text conversions (over <application>lynx</application> and
    <application>w3m</application>).
   </para>

   <para>
    The file <filename>HISTORY</filename> can be created similarly,
    using the command <userinput>gmake HISTORY</userinput>.  For the
    file <filename>src/test/regress/README</filename> the command is
    <userinput>gmake regress_README</userinput>.
   </para>

<!--
  * This is how you can create text files via RTF and ApplixWare,
  * for historical reference.

   <procedure>
    <title>Plain Text Generation</title>

    <para>
     Both <filename>INSTALL</filename> and
     <filename>HISTORY</filename> are generated from existing
     <acronym>SGML</acronym> sources. They are extracted from the same 
     intermediate <acronym>RTF</acronym> file.
    </para>

    <step performance="required">
     <para>
      Generate <acronym>RTF</acronym> by typing:
      <programlisting>
% cd doc/src/sgml
% make installation.rtf
      </programlisting>
     </para>
    </step>
      
    <step performance="required">
     <para>
      Import <filename>installation.rtf</filename> into
      <productname>Applix Words</productname>.
     </para>
    </step>

    <step performance="required">
     <para>
      Set the page width and margins.
     </para>

     <substeps>
      <step performance="required">
       <para>
	Adjust the page width in File.PageSetup to 10 inches.
       </para>
      </step>

      <step performance="required">
       <para>
	Select all text.
	Adjust the right margin using the ruler to 9.5 inches. This
	will give a maximum column width of 79 characters, within the
	80 columns upper limit goal.
       </para>
      </step>
     </substeps>
    </step>

    <step performance="required">
     <para>
      Lop off the parts of the document that are not needed.
     </para>

     <para>
      For <filename>INSTALL</filename>, remove all release notes from
      the end of the text, except for those from the current release.
      For <filename>HISTORY</filename>, remove all text up to the
      release notes, preserving and modifying the title and ToC.
     </para>
    </step>

    <step performance="required">
     <para>
      Export the result as <literal>ASCII Layout</literal>.
     </para>
    </step>

    <step performance="required">
     <para>
      Using emacs or vi, clean up the tabular information in
      <filename>INSTALL</filename>. Remove the <literal>mailto</literal>
      <acronym>URLs</acronym> for the porting contributors to shrink
      the column heights.
     </para>
    </step>
   </procedure>
-->

  </sect2>
 </sect1>


 <sect1 id="doc-sources">
  <title>Documentation Authoring</title>

   <para>
    <acronym>SGML</acronym> and <productname>DocBook</productname> do
    not suffer from an oversupply of open-source authoring tools. The
    most common tool set is the
    <productname>Emacs</productname>/<productname>XEmacs</productname>
    editor with appropriate editing mode.  On some systems
    these tools are provided in a typical full installation.
   </para>

   <sect2>
    <title>Emacs/PSGML</title>

    <para>
     <productname>PSGML</productname> is the most common and most
     powerful mode for editing <acronym>SGML</acronym> documents.
     When properly configured, it will allow you to use
     <application>Emacs</application> to insert tags and check markup
     consistency.  You could use it for <acronym>HTML</acronym> as
     well.  Check the <ulink
     url="http://www.lysator.liu.se/projects/about_psgml.html">PSGML
     web site</ulink> for downloads, installation instructions, and
     detailed documentation.
    </para>

    <para>
     There is one important thing to note with
     <productname>PSGML</productname>: its author assumed that your
     main <acronym>SGML</acronym> <acronym>DTD</acronym> directory
     would be <filename>/usr/local/lib/sgml</filename>.  If, as in the
     examples in this chapter, you use
     <filename>/usr/local/share/sgml</filename>, you have to
     compensate for this, either by setting
     <envar>SGML_CATALOG_FILES</envar> environment variable, or you
     can customize your <productname>PSGML</productname> installation
     (its manual tells you how).
    </para>

    <para>
     Put the following in your <filename>~/.emacs</filename>
     environment file (adjusting the path names to be appropriate for
     your system):

<programlisting>
; ********** for SGML mode (psgml)

(setq sgml-omittag t)
(setq sgml-shorttag t)
(setq sgml-minimize-attributes nil)
(setq sgml-always-quote-attributes t)
(setq sgml-indent-step 1)
(setq sgml-indent-data t)
(setq sgml-parent-document nil)
(setq sgml-default-dtd-file "./reference.ced")
(setq sgml-exposed-tags nil)
(setq sgml-catalog-files '("/usr/local/share/sgml/catalog"))
(setq sgml-ecat-files nil)

(autoload 'sgml-mode "psgml" "Major mode to edit SGML files." t )
</programlisting>

     and in the same file add an entry for <acronym>SGML</acronym>
     into the (existing) definition for
     <varname>auto-mode-alist</varname>:
<programlisting>
(setq
  auto-mode-alist
  '(("\\.sgml$" . sgml-mode)
   ))
</programlisting>
    </para>

    <para>
     Currently, each <acronym>SGML</acronym> source file has the
     following block at the end of the file:

<programlisting>
&lt;!-- Keep this comment at the end of the file
Local variables:
mode: sgml
sgml-omittag:t
sgml-shorttag:t
sgml-minimize-attributes:nil
sgml-always-quote-attributes:t
sgml-indent-step:1
sgml-indent-data:t
sgml-parent-document:nil
sgml-default-dtd-file:"./reference.ced"
sgml-exposed-tags:nil
sgml-local-catalogs:("/usr/lib/sgml/catalog")
sgml-local-ecat-files:nil
End:
--&gt;
</programlisting>
     This will set up a number of editing mode parameters even if you
     do not set up your <filename>~/.emacs</filename> file, but it is
     a bit unfortunate, since if you followed the installation
     instructions above, then the catalog path will not match your
     location.  Hence you might need to turn off local variables:
<programlisting>
(setq inhibit-local-variables t)
</programlisting>
    </para>

    <para>
     The <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> distribution includes a
     parsed DTD definitions file <filename>reference.ced</filename>.
     You may find that when using PSGML, a comfortable way of working
     with these separate files of book parts is to insert a proper
     <literal>DOCTYPE</literal> declaration while you're editing them.
     If you are working on this source, for instance, it is an
     appendix chapter, so you would specify the document as an
     <quote>appendix</quote> instance of a DocBook document by making
     the first line look like this:

<programlisting>
&lt;!doctype appendix PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook V3.1//EN"&gt;
</programlisting>

     This means that anything and everything that reads
     <acronym>SGML</acronym> will get it right, and I can verify the
     document with <command>nsgmls -s docguide.sgml</command>.  (But
     you need to take out that line before building the entire
     documentation set.)
    </para>
   </sect2>

   <sect2>
    <title>Other Emacs modes</title>

    <para>
     <productname>GNU Emacs</productname> ships with a different SGML
     mode, which is not quite as powerful as
     <productname>PSGML</productname>, but it's less confusing and
     lighter weight.  Also, it offers syntax highlighting (font lock),
     which can be very helpful.
    </para>

    <para>
     Norm Walsh offers a major <ulink
     url="http://nwalsh.com/emacs/docbookide/index.html">mode
     specifically for DocBook</ulink> which also has font-lock and a
     number of features to reduce typing.
    </para>
   </sect2>

 </sect1>


 <sect1 id="doc-style">
  <title>Style Guide</title>

  <sect2>
   <title>Reference Pages</title>

   <para>
    Reference pages should follow a standard layout.  This allows
    users to find the desired information more quickly, and it also
    encourages writers to document all relevant aspects of a command.
    Consistency is not only desired among
    <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> reference pages, but also
    with reference pages provided by the operating system and other
    packages.  Hence the following guidelines have been developed.
    They are for the most part consistent with similar guidelines
    established by various operating systems.
   </para>

   <para>
    Reference pages that describe executable commands should contain
    the following sections, in this order.  Sections that do not apply
    may be omitted.  Additional top-level sections should only be used
    in special circumstances; often that information belongs in the
    <quote>Usage</quote> section.

    <variablelist>
     <varlistentry>
      <term>Name</term>
      <listitem>
       <para>
        This section is generated automatically.  It contains the
        command name and a half-sentence summary of its functionality.
       </para>
      </listitem>
     </varlistentry>

     <varlistentry>
      <term>Synopsis</term>
      <listitem>
       <para>
        This section contains the syntax diagram of the command.  The
        synopsis should normally not list each command-line option;
        that is done below.  Instead, list the major components of the
        command line, such as where input and output files go.
       </para>
      </listitem>
     </varlistentry>
     
     <varlistentry>
      <term>Description</term>
      <listitem>
       <para>
        Several paragraphs explaining what the command does.
       </para>
      </listitem>
     </varlistentry>
     
     <varlistentry>
      <term>Options</term>
      <listitem>
       <para>
        A list describing each command-line option.  If there are a
        lot of options, subsections may be used.
       </para>
      </listitem>
     </varlistentry>
     
     <varlistentry>
      <term>Exit Status</term>
      <listitem>
       <para>
        If the program uses 0 for success and non-zero for failure,
        then you do not need to document it.  If there is a meaning
        behind the different non-zero exit codes, list them here.
       </para>
      </listitem>
     </varlistentry>
     
     <varlistentry>
      <term>Usage</term>
      <listitem>
       <para>
        Describe any sublanguage or run-time interface of the program.
        If the program is not interactive, this section can usually be
        omitted.  Otherwise, this section is a catch-all for
        describing run-time features.  Use subsections if appropriate.
       </para>
      </listitem>
     </varlistentry>
     
     <varlistentry>
      <term>Environment</term>
      <listitem>
       <para>
        List all environment variables that the program might use.
        Try to be complete; even seemingly trivial variables like
        <envar>SHELL</envar> might be of interest to the user.
       </para>
      </listitem>
     </varlistentry>
     
     <varlistentry>
      <term>Files</term>
      <listitem>
       <para>
        List any files that the program might access implicitly.  That
        is, do not list input and output files that were specified on
        the command line, but list configuration files, etc.
       </para>
      </listitem>
     </varlistentry>
     
     <varlistentry>
      <term>Diagnostics</term>
      <listitem>
       <para>
        Explain any unusual output that the program might create.
        Refrain from listing every possible error message.  This is a
        lot of work and has little use in practice.  But if, say, the
        error messages have a standard format that the user can parse,
        this would be the place to explain it.
       </para>
      </listitem>
     </varlistentry>
     
     <varlistentry>
      <term>Notes</term>
      <listitem>
       <para>
        Anything that doesn't fit elsewhere, but in particular bugs,
        implementation flaws, security considerations, compatibility
        issues.
       </para>
      </listitem>
     </varlistentry>
     
     <varlistentry>
      <term>Examples</term>
      <listitem>
       <para>
        Examples
       </para>
      </listitem>
     </varlistentry>
     
     <varlistentry>
      <term>History</term>
      <listitem>
       <para>
        If there were some major milestones in the history of the
        program, they might be listed here.  Usually, this section can
        be omitted.
       </para>
      </listitem>
     </varlistentry>
     
     <varlistentry>
      <term>See Also</term>
      <listitem>
       <para>
        Cross-references, listed in the following order: other
        <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> command reference pages,
        <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> SQL command reference
        pages, citation of <productname>PostgreSQL</productname>
        manuals, other reference pages (e.g., operating system, other
        packages), other documentation.  Items in the same group are
        listed alphabetically.
       </para>
      </listitem>
     </varlistentry>

    </variablelist>
   </para>

   <para>
    Reference pages describing SQL commands should contain the
    following sections: Name, Synopsis, Description, Parameters,
    Usage, Diagnostics, Notes, Examples, Compatibility, History, See
    Also.  The Parameters section is like the Options section, but
    there is more freedom about which clauses of the command can be
    listed.  The Compatibility section should explain to what extent
    this command conforms to the SQL standard(s), or to which other
    database system it is compatible.  The See Also section of SQL
    commands should list SQL commands before cross-references to
    programs.
   </para>
  </sect2>

 </sect1>
</appendix>

<!-- Keep this comment at the end of the file
Local variables:
mode:sgml
sgml-omittag:nil
sgml-shorttag:t
sgml-minimize-attributes:nil
sgml-always-quote-attributes:t
sgml-indent-step:1
sgml-indent-data:t
sgml-parent-document:nil
sgml-default-dtd-file:"./reference.ced"
sgml-exposed-tags:nil
sgml-local-catalogs:("/usr/lib/sgml/catalog")
sgml-local-ecat-files:nil
End:
-->