Ruby

When the decision was made that frozen_string_literal: true should also apply to dynamic string literals, it was mitigated with the following explanation:

"#{exp}".dup can be optimized so it won’t allocate extra objects like "...".freeze

https://docs.google.com/document/u/1/d/1D0Eo5N7NE_unIySOKG9lVj_eyXf66BQPM4PKp7NvMyQ/pub

However that does not appear to be the case currently.

Using this script that generates 100k String objects:

# frozen_string_literal: true

def allocated
  GC.stat[:total_allocated_objects]
end

GC.disable
c = ARGV.shift.to_sym
x_eq_i = ARGV.shift=="i"
x = "x"
before = allocated

100_000.times do |i|
  x = i.to_s if x_eq_i
  case c
  when :normal then v = "#{x}"
  when :freeze then v = "#{x}".freeze
  when :minus  then v = -"#{x}"
  when :dup    then v = "#{x}".dup
  when :plus   then v = +"#{x}"
  else raise
  end
end

after = allocated
printf "%d\n", after-before

I get the following number of objects allocated

x=	frozen_string_literal	normal	freeze	minus	dup 	plus
'x'	false                	100001	100001	100001	200001	100001
'x'	true                	100001	100001	100001	200001	200001
i	false                	200001	200001	299999	300001	200001
i	true                	200001	200001	200001	300001	300001

We can see that "#{x}".dup and +"#{x}" allocate an extra object per iteration

I also tested with x = i.to_s to see if deduplication of 100k identical strings was different from 100k different strings. In addition to the expected extra strings created by i.to_s, there's an additional 100k extra strings created for -"#{i}" when frozen_string_literal is false??? There may also be a memory leak here because while the number of objects increases by x3, memory usage increases by x4.

Summary:
I expected "#{v}".dup and +"#{v}" to behave the same regardless of frozen_string_literal (and optimize down to just one allocation)
I expected "#{v}".freeze and -"#{v}" to behave the same regardless of frozen_string_literal (and optimize down to just one allocation)
but they do not. I think they should. It would be nice.