TEST DATES EXAM 1 STUDY GUIDE PROPERTIES OF WATER o A-DAY: Tuesday Sept 17th
B-DAY: Wednesday Sept Polarity water has two poles a slightly negative oxygen atom and two slightly positive hydrogen atoms Cohesion because of these poles a water molecule can stick to another water molecule Adhesionbecause of these poles a water molecule can stick to a molecule of another substance Surface tensionwater molecules near the surface of a body of water attract each other more. This makes the surface of water hard to break. If I were to jump into the Saint Johns River from a bridge that is 150 ft, how would this feel? Solventproperty of water that allows water to pull apart other substances. Adding salt to water is almost like a wolf getting cornered by five cowboys. What happens? Density (D=MV)this property allows ice to form on the surface of a body of waterthis protects aquatic life. Liquid water has a density of 1 and solid water (ice) has a density of 0.93 High Specific Heatproperty of water that means a specific amount of energy is needed to change phase. It is the energy needed to raise the temperature of a substance 1. This is the reason our bodies (75% water) can withstand hot or cold environments.
States of Matter o Kinetic theory of matter: matter (anything that has mass and takes up space) is in constant, random motion PARTICLE ARRANGEMENT
ENERGY OF PARTICLES: solid (low), liquid (moderate), gas (high), plasma (very high) DISTANCE BETWEEN PARTICLES: solid (negligible), liquid (enough to slide), gas (large), plasma (very large)
Phase changes Term for Phase Change
Melting Freezing Vaporization Condensation Sublimation Deposition
o Heating Curve of Water Heat Movem ent
Into solid Out of liquid Into liquid Out of gas Into solid Out of solid NOTE: Temperature & Heat Absorbed. What is going on as we travel from a solid to gas?
Description of Phase Change
SOLID LIQUID LIQUIDSOLID LIQUIDGAS GASLIQUID SOLIDGAS GASSOLID
Mixtures o Elements: think periodic table. Remember that it cannot be broken down further. Ag (silver), Ca (Calcium), Au (Gold)..
Compounds: two or more elements combined. These two elements can be separated by chemical means only. They are also in a specific ratio and they have a formula. NaCl (table salt), H2O (water), CO2 (carbon dioxide)..
Mixtures: result from combining two pure substances. They can be separated physically. Homogeneous: is a SOLUTION in which everything is the same, uniform, and doesnt separate Heterogeneous: different mixture that can either be colloid (sand & water) or suspension (oil & water)
Chemical/Physical Changes o Chemical Change: pure substance mix and turn into entirely new substance
Clues: new color, heat/light given off, odor change, gas produced, change in energy (two liquids mix and the new solution is hot), USUALLY IRREVERSABLE
Physical Change: change in form and appearance, but not composition--substance is not changing into a totally new substance Clues: change in state (solid, liquid, gas), shape/size change, dissolving, USUALLY REVERSIBLE
