Welcome to presentation on
GENERATOR & TRANSFORMER PROTECTION
ELECTRICAL MAINTENANCE DEPARTMENT
BY K JACOB JOSE
CLASSES OF PROTECTION
CLASS A1
CLASS A2 CLASS B CLASS C
GROUPS OF PROTECTION
Group-1 Group-2
DC source 1 from 1/2 FA section-1 DC source 2 from 1/2 FA section-2
In case of any DC supply failure in GRP
inform Electrical Maintenance immediately
CLASS A1
CAUSES OF CLASS A1
1. GT & UT PROTECTIONS 2. GENERATOR BACKUP PROTECTION 3. OTHER BACKUP PROTECTIONS
CLASS A1 CAUSES TRANSFORMER PROTECTIONS
TRANSFORMER PROTECTIONS-MECHANICAL
PRV BUCHHOLZ RELAY SUDDEN PRESSURE RELAY FIRE PROTECTION UT OLTC SUDDEN PRESSURE RELAY
Note: UT A/B WTI/OTI will trip the corresponding incomer from the transformer and change over to Standby Trf.
CLASS A1 CAUSES TRANSFORMER PROTECTIONS
TRANSFORMER PROTECTIONS-ELECTRICAL
DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION(GT/UT) 87GT/87UT GT HV WINDING + O/H LINE DIFFERENTIAL-87HV RESTRICTED EARTH FAULT (UTs only)87NUT A/B STANDBY EARTH FAULT (GT only)-51NGT OVERCURRENT PROTECTION (UTs only)-51UT A/B BACKUP EARTH FAULT (UTs only)-51 NUT A/B GT OVERFLUXING 99GT EARTH FAULT BEYOND GCB 64GT GT + O/H LINE DIFFERENTIAL 87TL
CLASS A1 CAUSES BACKUP PROTECTIONS FOR GENERATOR
BACKUP PROTECTIONS FOR GENERATOR
GENERATOR LBB (For GCB) 50GLBB GENERATOR BACKUP IMPEDANCE 21G DEAD MACHINE RELAY 50GDM
CLASS A1 CAUSES OTHER BACKUP PROTECTIONS
SWITCHYARD TEE DIFFERENTIAL
87TTIGX/87TT2GX
400 KV BREAKER LBB X52Z
(8-52/9-52/13-52/14-52)
400KV BREAKER POLE DISCREPENCY -X52PDX
(8-52/9-52/13-52/14-52) DEFEATED
CLASS A1 - ACTIONS
CLASS A1 CAUSES TRIPPING OF
BOTH 400KV BREAKERS OF THE UNIT GCB FIELD BREAKER STEAM TURBINE UNIT TRANSFORMER INCOMERS BA/BB
CLASS A2 - CAUSES
GENERATOR PROTECTIONS
DIFFERENTIAL 87G1/87G2 OVERVOLTAGE 59G1 95% EARTH FAULT -64G1 INTERTURN FAULT 64GIT OVERFLUXING 99G NEGATIVE PHASE SEQUENCE 46G LOW FORWARD POWER 30sec 37G1/2 .. Contd.
CLASS A2 - CAUSES
GENERATOR PROTECTIONS
POLE SLIPPING 98G FIELD FAILURE 40 G1/2
..contd.
CLASS A2 - CAUSES
SIEMENS MULTIFUNCTION RELAY 96G
100% STATOR EARTH FAULT ROTOR EARTH FAULT OVER VOLTAGE
CLASS A2 - ACTIONS
CLASS A2 CAUSES TRIPPING OF
GCB FIELD BREAKER STEAM TURBINE UT INCOMER (if both 400kV breakers are
in tripped condition)
CLASS B PROTECTION
CLASS B GENERATOR TRIP FROM TURBINE TRIP THIS IS ACHIEVED THROUGH LOW FORWARD POWER RELAY 2 SEC DELAY- 37 G1/2 NEED FOR CLASS B TRIP PROTECTION OF TURBINE FROM OVERHEATING
CLASS B - ACTIONS
CLASS B CAUSES TRIPPING OF THE FOLLOWING
GCB FIELD BREAKER
(i.e. GT & UT will still be in charged condition from 400kV side GRID)
CLASS C PROTECTION - CAUSES
CLASS C IS CAUSED ONLY BY
UNDERFREQUENCY- 81G/96G
(GRID COLLAPSE)
Presently connected to Class B at 45Hz.
CLASS C PROTECTION - ACTIONS
CLASS C CAUSES TRIPPING OF
BOTH 400KV BREAKERS
(i.e. Unit will come on house load)
ACTIONS IF CLASS A1 TRIP OCCURS
THE FOLLOWING ACTIONS ARE NECESSARY
Restore unit supply if auto changeover
from standby trf. does not take place Ensure DG set availability Inform Electrical Maintenance
ACTIONS IF CLASS A2 OCCURS
THE FOLLOWING ACTIONS ARE NECESSAY
Ensure unit supplies are healthy Inform Electrical Maintenance
CLASS A2 LOW FORWARD RELAY
THE FOLLOWING SEQUENCE OF EVENTS OCCURS
CLASS A2 TRIP TRIP TO STEAM
TURBINE AFTER TRUBINE TRIP CLASS B
CLASS A2 LOW FORWARD RELAY RESTARTING
THE FOLLOWING SEQUENCE OF EVENTS MUST BE FOLLOWED
RESET BOTH CLASS A2 TRIP RELAYS RESET STEAM TURBINE TRIP RESET BOTH CLASS B TRIP RELAYS SYNCHRONISE USNIG GCB
Note: Reset trip relays only when starting to roll
CLASS B TRIP - RESTARTING
THE FOLLOWING SEQUENCE OF ACTIONS MUST BE FOLLOWED
RESET STEAM TURBINE RESET BOTH CLASS B TRIP RELAYS SYNCHRONISE UNING GCB
Note: Reset trip relays only when starting to roll
CLASS C TRIP - ACTIONS
Ensure unit has come on HOUSE LOAD
and stabilized Ensure availability of DG set Inform Electrical Maintenance
CLASS C - RESTARTING
THE FOLLOWING SEQUENCE OF ACTIONS MUST BE FOLLOWED
Energise 400KV switchyard After getting concurrence from SRLDC
synchronise the unit using 400KV breakers
STARTUP/TRIPPING RELAYRESETTING
Just before rolling only, reset the trip
relays After excitation, in case any of the fuse fail relays/50GDM flag has fallen reset them After synchronisation, see that no relays have acted. If the Low forward power relay LED has come, it should be reset.
THANKYOU
QUESTIONS PLEASE
