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Trigonometric Identities Explained

This document summarizes various trigonometric identities including sum and difference identities, reciprocal identities, quotient/ratio identities, Pythagorean identities, odd-even identities, period identities, co-function identities, double angle identities, half-angle identities, product-to-sum identities, and sum-to-product identities. It provides over a dozen formulas for each type of identity to relate trigonometric functions like sine, cosine, tangent, cotangent, secant, and cosecant under various transformations and operations. The document also notes that some identities can be derived from others using reciprocal or quotient properties. It concludes with a quote about the interplay of formulas, proofs, and imagination in mathematics.

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Sanny Domingo Afable
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175 views1 page

Trigonometric Identities Explained

This document summarizes various trigonometric identities including sum and difference identities, reciprocal identities, quotient/ratio identities, Pythagorean identities, odd-even identities, period identities, co-function identities, double angle identities, half-angle identities, product-to-sum identities, and sum-to-product identities. It provides over a dozen formulas for each type of identity to relate trigonometric functions like sine, cosine, tangent, cotangent, secant, and cosecant under various transformations and operations. The document also notes that some identities can be derived from others using reciprocal or quotient properties. It concludes with a quote about the interplay of formulas, proofs, and imagination in mathematics.

Uploaded by

Sanny Domingo Afable
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Mathematics 17: Algebra and Trigonometry

Trigonometric Identities
7. Sum and Difference Identities

1. Reciprocal Identities
1
sin
1
(b) sec =
cos
1
(c) cot =
tan

(a) cos( + ) = cos cos sin sin

(a) csc =

(b) cos( ) = cos cos + sin sin


(c) sin( + ) = sin cos + cos sin

2. Quotient/Ratio Identities

(f) tan( ) =

sin
(a) tan =
cos
cos
(b) cot =
sin

(b) tan2 + 1 = sec2


(c) cot2 + 1 = csc2
4. Odd-Even Identities
(a) sin() = sin
(b) cos() = cos
(c) tan() = tan
5. Period Identities
(a) sin( + 2k) = sin
(b) cos( + 2k) = cos
(c) sec( + 2k) = sec
(d) csc( + 2k) = csc
(e) tan( + k) = tan
(f) cot( + k) = cot
6. Co-function Identities
(a) cos( 2 ) = sin
(b) sin( 2 ) = cos
(c) sec( 2 ) = csc
(d) csc( 2 ) = sec

tan tan
1 + tan tan

8. Double Angle Identities

3. Pythagorean Identities
(a) sin2 + cos2 = 1

(d) sin( ) = sin cos cos sin


tan + tan
(e) tan( + ) =
1 tan tan

(a) sin 2 = 2 sin cos

2
2

cos sin
(b) cos 2 = 1 2 sin2

2 cos2 1
(c) tan 2 =

2 tan
1 tan2

9. Half-Angle Identities
r
1 cos

(a) sin( 2 ) =
2
r
1 + cos
(b) cos( 2 ) =
2
r

1 cos

1 + cos
(c) tan( 2 ) =

1 cos = sin
sin
1 + cos
10. Product-to-Sum Identities
(a) sin sin = 12 [cos( + ) cos( )]
(b) sin cos = 12 [sin( + ) + sin( )]
(c) cos cos = 12 [cos( + ) + cos( )]
(d) cos sin = 21 [sin( + ) sin( )]
11. Sum-to-Product Identities

(a) cos + cos = 2 cos( +


2 ) cos( 2 )

(b) cos cos = 2 sin( +


2 ) sin( 2 )

(e) tan( 2 ) = cot

(c) sin + sin = 2 sin( +


2 ) cos( 2 )

(f) cot( 2 ) = tan

(d) sin sin = 2 cos( +


2 ) sin( 2 )

Note: Some formulas (like the correseponding formulas for secant, cosecant and cotangent) are not written
here since they can just be expressed as reciprocals or quotients of the other trigonometric functions.

***************************************
Mathematics is made of 50 percent formulas, 50 percent proofs, and 50 percent imagination.
-Anonymous

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