SCHOOL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING

Chem 251
Assignment 1 and 2

Name: Keevani Naidoo

Student Number: 210502637

Assignment 1 :
(1.1)

Perfect gas behaviour assumption

P.V = n.R.T
n
=
n
=
n
Assume 1
2
Newtonian unit of temperature is N
Assume a linear relationship between T and N, such that T(K/C) = T + N
P1V1 = nRT 1
28 .0dm 3 .atm = nR (T + 0 N )
28 .0dm 3 .atm = nRT
T =

28 .0dm 3 .atm
(a)
nR

P2V2 = nRT 2
40 .0dm 3 .atm = nR (T +100 N o )
(T +100 N o ) =

40 .dm 3 .atm
(b)
nR

40.0dm 3 .atm
b T + 100 N
nR
=
=
a
T
28.0dm 3 .atm
nR
100 N
1+
= 1.429
T
100 N

= 0.429
T
0.428T = 100 N
T = 233.33 N
From above : T(C) = T + N
at absolute zero T(C)=0=T+ N
absolute zero
N = -T
absolute zero
N = -233.33 N

(1.2)

Density (kg/m 3)

Density vs Pressure
2
1.8
1.6
1.4
1.2
1
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0

y = 0.0169x + 0.0303

50

100

Pressure (kPa)

150

Gradient of graph

= 0.0169

kg
m .kPa
3

Ideal gas conditions :

Assumptions

:
o

R = 8.314

kPa
kmol .K
25C =

P.V = n.R.T
m
P.V =
.R.T
M
m
P.M = .R.T
V
.R.T
M =
P
M =(

). R.T

kg
kPa .m 3
)(
8
.
314
)( 298 .15 K )
kmol .K
m 3 .kPa
kg
g
M = 41 .89
= 41 .89
kmol
mol
M = (0.0169

(1.3)

Charles law

V =V 0(1 + )

298.15 K

at absolute zero temperature V=0

0 =V 0(1 + )

0 =1 +

10-3alpha (C -1)

Alpha vs Pressure

3.674
3.672
3.67
3.668
3.666
3.664
3.662

y = 1E-05x + 3.663

200

400
Pressure (torr)

y int ercept = 3.663 10 3 o C 1

= 3.663 10 3 o C 1

= 1

1
3.663 10 3 o C 1
= 273 .00 o C
=

which is very close to the accepted value of -273.15C

600

800

P.V =n.R.T

(1.5)

ideal gas

P
n.R
=
T
V
R is the universal Gas constant
if number of moles(n) and volume(V) are kept constant
P n.R
=
= cons tan t
T
V

P PTriple _ Po int
=
T TTriple _ Po int
PTriple _ Po int
P = T
T
Triple _ Po int

Since PTriple_Point and TTriple_Point are constant

PTriple _ Po int
TTriple _ Po int

(a) At 1.00K

= cons tan t

6.69 kPa
273 .16 K
kPa
= 0.0245
K
=

PTriple _ Po int

P = T
T

Triple
_
Po
int

kPa
P = (0.0245
)( T )
K
kPa
P = (0.0245
)(1.00 K )

K
= 0.0245 kPa

P PTriple _ Po int
=
T TTriple _ Po int
(b)

P =(

T
TTriple _ Po int

)( PTriple _ Po int )

100 + 273 .16

=
6.69 kPa
273 .16
= 9.14 kPa

kPa
)( T )
K
kPa
P = (0.0245
) (1.00 K )
K
= 0.0245 kPa
P = (0.0245

(c)

(1.28)

P =1.00 atm =101325 Pa

Pa .m 3
mol .K
o
T = 25 C + 273 .15 = 298 .15 K
R = 8.314

V =

4
r 3
3

4
(3.00 ) 3
3
=113 .097 m 3
=

(a)

Ideal gas

P.V = n.R.T
P.V
n=
R.T
(101325 Pa )(113 .097 m 3 )
=
Pa .m 3
(8.314
)( 298 .15 K )
mol .K
= 4622 .989 mol

(b)

kg
m3
V = 113 .097 m 3

= 1.22

m
V
m = .V

kg
)(113 .097 m 3 )
m3
=137 .978 kg
= (1.22

n = 4622 .989 mol

(c)

M =4

g
mol

P.V = n.R.T
m
.R.T
M
P.V .M
m=
R.T
P.V =

(101325 Pa )(113 .097 m 3 )( 4

g
)
mol

Pa .m 3
)( 298 .15 K )
mol .K
=18491 .956 g
(8.314

=18 .49 kg _ He

Assignment 2

(2.1)

(a)

Ideal gas

P.V = n.R.T

T=

P.V
n.R

P1 .V1
n.R
(1.00 atm )( 22 .4dm 3 )
T1 =
dm 3 .atm
(1.00 mol )( 0.0821
)
mol .K
= 272 .838 K
T1andT 3 _ lies _ on _ an _ isotherm
T1 =

T3 = 272 .838 K
P2 .V2
n.R
(1.00 atm )( 44 .88 dm 3 )
T2 =
dm 3 .atm
(1.00 mol )( 0.0821
)
mol .K
= 546 .650 K
T2 =

(b)

Assumption

Reversible

Step _ 1 Step _ 2
W = P.dV
= P.V
= n.R.T
= (1.00 mol )( 8.314

J
)( 546 .650 272 .838 ) K
mol .K

= 2276 .473 J
= 2.28 kJ

U = n.C v , m .T
= (1.00 mol )(
= 3402 .562 J
= 3.4kJ

3
J
8.314
)( 272 .838 K )
2
mol .K

U =Q +W
Q =U W
Q =3.40 kJ ( 2.28 kJ )
Q =5.68 kJ

H = n.C P , m .T
= (1.00 mol )(

5
J
8.314
)( 272 .838 K )
2
mol .K

= 5670 .938 J
= 5.67 kJ

Step _ 2 Step _ 3
cons tan t _ volume
W = 0J

U = n.C v ,m .T
3
J
8.314
)( 272 .838 K )
2
mol .K
= 3402 .562 J
= (1.00 mol )(
= 3.4kJ
U =Q +W
Q =U W
Q =3.40 kJ 0kJ
Q =3.40 kJ

H =U + PV
H = U +( PV )
H = U +( nRT )
H = U +nR T
H = ( 3.40 10 3 J ) +(1.00 mol )( 8.314
H = 5668 .375 J = 5.67 kJ

J
)( 272 .838 K )
mol .K

Step_ 3 Step_ 1
Ideal_ gas
Isothermal
reversible_ compression
U =0
and
H =0

U = Q +W
Q = U W
Q = W
V3
Q =W = nRT ln
V
1
Q = (1.00 mol )( 8.314

22 .4dm 3
J
)( 272 .838 K ) ln
44 .8dm 3
mol .K

Q =1576 .365 J
Q = 1576 .365 J = 1.576 kJ
W =1.576 kJ

Step
12
23
31

Process
Isobaric
Isochoric
Reversible,
isothermal

Overall

Q (kJ)
5.68
-3.40
-1.576

W (kJ)
-2.28
0
1.576

U (kJ)
3.4
-3.4
0

H (kJ)
5.67
-5.67
0

0.704

-0.704

(2.5) Assume T1 = 298K

(a)

Isochoric

W=0J

U = n.CV , m T
5
J
8.314
)( 298 K )
2
mol .K
U = 6193 .93 J = 6.194 kJ
U = (1.00 mol )(

U =Q +W
Q =U W
Q =6.194 kJ 0
Q =6.194 kJ

H =U + PV
H = U +( PV )
H = U +( nRT )
H = U +nR T
H = (6.194 10 3 J ) +(1.00 mol )( 8.314
H =8671 .572 J =8.672 kJ

(b)

Adiabatic

Tb = Ta
U b = U a
U b = 6.194 kJ
H b = H a
H b = 8.672 kJ

U =Q +W
W =U Q
W =U
W =6.194 kJ

Q=0J

J
)( 298 K )
mol .K

(c)

Ideal gas
Isothermal

U=0 and H=0

P1V1 = nRT 1
V1 =

V1 =

nRT 1
P1
dm 3 .atm
)( 298 K )
mol .K
1.00 atm

(1.00 mol )( 0.0821

V1 = 24 .466 dm 3
V2 = V1 = 24 .466 dm 3

V2T2c = V3T3c
V3 = V2

c
2
c
3

T
T

= V2 (

c=

T2 c
)
T3
5

(2)( 298 K ) 2
V3 = (24 .466 dm )(
)
( 298 K )
3

V3 = 138 .401 dm 3

CV ,m

R
5
c =
2

U = Q +W
Q = U W
Q = W
V1
Q =W = nRT 1 ln
V
3

Q =W = (1.00 mol )( 8.314

24 .466 dm 3
J
)( 298 K )(ln
138 .401 dm 3
mol .K

W = 4293 .312 J = 4.293 kJ

Q = 4.293 kJ

(2.13) Balanced reaction:

C60(s) + 60O2(g)
Same number of moles of gas on either side

60CO2(g)

cH = cU

cH = (-36.0334kJ/g) (60 x 12.01 g/mol)

cH = -25965.668 kJ/mol

Enthalpy of formation

cH = 60fH(CO2) - 60fH(O2) - fH(C60)

fH(C60) = 60fH(CO2) - 60fH - cH
= [60(-393.51 kJ/mol) 60(0) (-25965.668 kJ/mol)]

fH(C60) = 2355.068 kJ/mol

(2.17) Tf = Ti (Vf/Vi)1/c
c = Cv,m/R
Pf = Pi (Vf/Vi)
= Cp,m/Cv,m
c ( = Cv,m/R)(Cp,m,/Cv,m)
c = Cp,m/R
Therefore

:
(Pf/Pi)1/ = Vf/Vi = (Tf/Ti)c

(2.39)

(Pf/Pi)1/( = Tf/Ti)c
Pf/Pi = (Tf/Ti)c
Cp,m = R x [ln(Pf/Pi) / ln(Tf/Ti)]
= (8.314J.K-1.mol-1)[ln(202.24 kPa/81.84kPa) / ln(298.15 K/248.44 K)]
Cp,m = 41.238 J.K-1.mol-1

Specific enthalpy= 17 kJ/g

Energy
:
q = (40 g)(17 kJ/g) = 680 kJ
Energy in calories :
680 kJ x (1 Cal/4.184 kJ) = 162.524 Cal
As percentage of 2200 Cal diet

the serving is:

162.52 Cal/ 2200 Cal x 100 = 7.39%