Name:_______________________ Unit 5: Revolutions ​ ​ ​ AP World History

Period: ____ c. 1750-1900

*titles link to AMSCO text & Heimler videos **Take notes to answer each of the following questions or prompts.

Topic 5.1 The Enlightenment Heimler’s History - Topic 5.1 (video)

Learning Objective Historical Developments 1.​ Explain the ideas of the Enlightenment.

Explain the Enlightenment philosophies

intellectual and applied new ways of
understanding and empiricist
ideological context
approaches to both the natural
in which world and human relationships;
revolutions swept they also reexamined the role that
the Atlantic world religion played in public life and
from 1750 to 1900. emphasized the importance of
reason. Philosophers developed
new political ideas about the
2.​ How were these ideas considered changes from previous
individual, natural rights, and the
social contract. philosophies/mindsets?

The rise and diffusion of

Enlightenment thought that
questioned established traditions
in all areas of life often preceded
revolutions and rebellions against
existing governments.

Nationalism also became a

major force shaping the historical 3.​ What factors facilitated the spread of Enlightenment ideals within and
development of states and outside of Europe?
empires.

4.​ Explain natural rights.

 5.​ Explain the social contract.

6.​ Explain nationalism and how it will later play an important role in the political
revolutions of the 18th and 19th centuries.

Learning Objective Historical Developments 7.​ How did the Enlightenment lead to social changes during the 1750-1900 time
period?
Explain how the Enlightenment ideas and religious
Enlightenment ideals influenced various reform
affected societies movements. These reform
movements contributed to the
over time.
expansion of rights, as seen in
expanded suffrage, the abolition
of slavery, and the end of
serfdom.
8.​ Explain the origins of feminism in this time period.
Demands for women’s suffrage
and an emergent feminism
challenged political and gender
hierarchies.

Demands:
●​ Mary Wollstonecraft’s A
Vindication of the Rights
of Woman 9.​ What is suffrage?
●​ Olympe de Gouges’s
Declaration of the Rights
of Woman and of the
Female Citizen
●​ Seneca Falls Conference
(1848) organized by
Elizabeth Cady Stanton
 and Lucretia Mott 10.​How did Mary Wollstonecraft and Olympe de Gouge serve as early
feminists?

Topic 5.2 Nationalism and Revolutions in the Period from 1750 to 1900 Heimler’s History - Topic 5.2 (video)
Learning Objective Historical Developments

People around the world

Causes of American Revolution Effects of American Revolution
Explain causes and
effects of the developed a new sense of
11. 12.
various revolutions commonality based on language,
religion, social customs, and
in the period from
territory. This was sometimes
1750 to 1900. harnessed by governments to
foster a sense of unity.

The 18th century marked the

beginning of an intense period of
revolution and rebellion against
existing governments, leading to
the establishment of new
nation-states around the world.

Discontent with monarchist and Causes of French Revolution Effects of French Revolution
imperial rule encouraged the
development of systems of 13. 14.
government and various
ideologies, including democracy
and 19th-century liberalism.

Colonial subjects in the Americas

led a series of rebellions inspired
by democratic ideals. The
American Revolution, and its
successful establishment of a
republic, the United States of
America, was a model and
inspiration for a number of the
revolutions that followed. The
American Revolution, the Haitian
Causes of Haitian Revolution Effects of Haitian Revolution
Revolution, and the Latin
15. 16.
American independence
movements facilitated the
emergence of independent states
in the Americas.

The ideas of Enlightenment

philosophers, as reflected in
revolutionary documents—
including the American
Declaration of Independence
during the American Revolution,
the French “Declaration of the
Rights of Man and of the
Citizen” during the French
Revolution, and Bolívar’s “Letter Causes of Latin American Effects of Latin American Revolutions
from Jamaica” on the eve of the Revolutions
Latin American revolutions—
influenced resistance to existing 17. 18.
political authority, often in pursuit
of independence and democratic
ideals

Newly imagined national

communities often linked this
new national identity with borders
of the state, and in some cases,
nationalists challenged
boundaries or sought unification
of fragmented regions.

Call for national unification or

liberation:
●​ Propaganda Movement
19. Define 19th century liberalism and its effect on revolutions in this time period.
in the Philippines
●​ Maori nationalism and
the New Zealand wars in
New Zealand
●​ Puerto Rico—writings of
Lola Rodríguez de Tió
●​ German and Italian
unifications
●​ Balkan nationalisms
●​ Ottomanism
 20. Describe the Enlightenment documents that influence resistance to existing
political authority in this time period.

21. Explain the unification of Germany.

Topic 5.3 Industrial Revolution Begins Heimler’s History - Topic 5.3 (video)
Learning Objective Historical Developments 22. How did environmental factors contribute to the start of the Industrial
Revolution around 1750?
Explain how A variety of factors contributed to
environmental the growth of industrial production
factors contributed and eventually resulted in the
Industrial Revolution, including:
to industrialization
from 1750 to 1900. ●​ Proximity to waterways;
access to rivers and
canals
●​ Geographical distribution 23. Where did the Industrial Revolution begin and why did it begin there?
of coal, iron, and timber
●​ Urbanization
●​ Improved agricultural
productivity
●​ Access to foreign
resources
 ●​ Accumulation of capital

The development of the factory

system concentrated production
in a single location and led to an
24. Explain how the factory system was different from the previously used
increasing degree of cottage industries.
specialization of labor.

25. How did specialization of labor increase industrial production?

Topic 5.4 Industrialization Spreads in the Period from 1750 to 1900 Heimler’s History - Topic 5.4 (video)
Learning Objective Historical Developments 26. Which areas in and outside of Europe adopted industrial production?
Explain how The rapid development of
different modes and steam-powered industrial
locations of production in European countries
and the U.S. contributed to the
production have
increase in these regions’ share
developed and of global manufacturing during the
changed over time. first Industrial Revolution. While
Middle Eastern and Asian
countries continued to produce
manufactured goods, these
27. How did the increase in industrial production in Europe lead to a decline of
regions’ share in global
manufacturing declined. manufacturing in other regions?

Decline of Middle Eastern and

Asian share in global
manufacturing:
●​ Shipbuilding in India and
Southeast Asia
 ●​ Iron works in India
●​ Textile production in India
and Egypt

As new methods of industrial

production became more common
in parts of northwestern Europe,
they spread to other parts of
Europe and the United States,
Russia, and Japan.

Topic 5.5 Technology of the Industrial Age Heimler’s History - Topic 5.5 (video)
Learning Objective Historical Developments 28. Explain the role of the steam engine in transforming production and
transportation during this time period.
Explain how The development of machines,
technology shaped including steam engines and the
economic internal combustion engine, made
it possible to take advantage of both
production over
existing and vast newly discovered
time. resources of energy stored in fossil
fuels, specifically coal and oil. The
fossil fuels revolution greatly
increased the energy available to
human societies.
29. What changes in energy resources changed in this time period from
The “second industrial previous periods in history?
revolution” led to new methods in
the production of steel, chemicals,
electricity, and precision machinery
during the second half of the 19th
century.

Railroads, steamships, and the

telegraph made exploration,
development, and communication 30. What made the “second industrial revolution” different from the first?
possible in interior regions globally,
which led to increased trade and
migration.
 31. Explain how specific technologies led to an increase in trade and migration
in this time period.

Topic 5.6 Industrialization: Government’s Role from 1750 to 1900 Heimler’s History - Topic 5.6 (video)
Learning Objective Historical Developments 32. What is state-sponsored industrialization?
Explain the causes As the influence of the Industrial
and effects of Revolution grew, a small number of
economic states and governments promoted
their own state-sponsored visions
strategies of
of industrialization.
different states and
empires. The expansion of U.S. and
European influence in Asia led to
internal reform in Japan that
supported industrialization and led to
33. Which states utilized state-sponsored industrialization to modernize?
the growing regional power of Japan
in the Meiji Era.

State-sponsored visions of
industrialization:
●​ Muhammad Ali’s
development of a cotton
textile industry in Egypt
Topic 5.7 Economic Developments and Innovations in the Industrial Age Heimler’s History - Topic 5.7 (video)
Learning Objective Historical Developments 34. What changes in economic systems and ideologies occurred in this period
in comparison to the 1450-1750 time period?
Explain the Western European countries began
development of abandoning mercantilism and
economic systems, adopting free trade policies, partly in
response to the growing acceptance
ideologies, and
of Adam Smith’s theories of
institutions and laissez-faire capitalism and free
how they markets.
contributed to
change in the The global nature of trade and
period from 1750 production contributed to the
to 1900. proliferation of large-scale
transnational businesses that
relied on new practices in banking 35. How did capitalism lead to the development of transnational businesses?
and finance.

Transnational businesses:
●​ Hong Kong and Shanghai
Banking Corporation
(HSBC)
●​ Unilever based in England
and the Netherlands and
operating in British West
Africa and the Belgian
Congo 36. How is capitalism different from mercantilism?
Financial instruments:
●​ Stock markets
●​ Limited-liability
corporations

The development of industrial

capitalism led to increased
standards of living for some, and to
continued improvement in
manufacturing methods that
increased the availability,
affordability, and variety of consumer
goods.
Topic 5.8 Reactions to the Industrial Economy from 1750 to 1900 Heimler’s History - Topic 5.8 (video)
Learning Objective In response to the social and
economic changes brought about by 37. What factors led to the development of labor unions in this time period?
Explain the causes industrial capitalism, some
and effects of calls governments, organizations, and
for changes in individuals promoted various types of
political, social, educational, and
industrial societies
urban reforms
from 1750 to 1900.
In industrialized states, many
workers organized themselves, often
in labor unions, to improve working
conditions, limit hours, and gain
higher wages. Workers’ movements
and political parties emerged in 38. What changes occurred due to the involvement of labor unions and worker
different areas, promoting alternative protests?
visions of society

Discontent with established power

structures encouraged the
development of various ideologies,
including those espoused by Karl
Marx, and the ideas of socialism
and communism.

In response to the expansion of 39. Who was Karl Marx?

industrializing states, some
governments in Asia and Africa,
including the Ottoman Empire and
Qing China, sought to reform and
modernize their economies and
militaries. Reform efforts were often
resisted by some members of
government or established elite
groups.
40. What is communism?
 41. What is socialism?

42. How did industrialization lead to the growing popularity of communism?

43. How did the Ottoman Empire attempt to modernize?

44. Who opposed Ottoman modernization? What obstacles did they face?

45. How did Qing China attempt to modernize?

 46. Who opposed Chinese modernization? What obstacles did they face?

Topic 5.9 Society and the Industrial Age Heimler’s History - Topic 5.9 (video)
Learning Objective Historical Developments 47. How did industrialization lead to changes in existing social hierarchies ?
Explain how New social classes, including the
industrialization middle class and the industrial
caused change in working class, developed.
existing social
While women and often children in
hierarchies and working class families typically held
standards of living. wage-earning jobs to supplement
their families’ income, middle-class
women who did not have the same 48. How did industrialization lead to changes in standards of living?
economic demands to satisfy were
increasingly limited to roles in the
household or roles focused on child ​
development.

The rapid urbanization that

accompanied global capitalism at
times led to a variety of challenges,
including pollution, poverty,
increased crime, public health crises, 49. How did industrialization change women’s roles in society?
housing shortages, and insufficient
infrastructure to accommodate urban
growth.
Topic 5.10 Continuity and Change in the Industrial Age

Learning Objective Historical Developments

Explain the extent to which ●​ The development of industrial capitalism led to increased standards of living for some, and to continued
industrialization brought change improvement in manufacturing methods that increased the availability, affordability, and variety of consumer
from 1750 to 1900. goods.
○​ Railroads, steamships, and the telegraph made exploration, development, and communication
possible in interior regions globally, which led to increased trade and migration.
●​ The 18th century marked the beginning of an intense period of revolution and rebellion against existing
governments, leading to the establishment of new nation-states around the world.
○​ Enlightenment philosophies applied new ways of understanding and empiricist approaches to both the
natural world and human relationships; they also reexamined the role that religion played in public life
and emphasized the importance of reason. Philosophers developed new political ideas about the
individual, natural rights, and the social contract.
○​ The rise and diffusion of Enlightenment thought that questioned established traditions in all areas of
life often preceded revolutions and rebellions against existing governments.
○​ Nationalism also became a major force shaping the historical development of states and empires
Label and annotate the map with the revolutions in the period 1750- 1900 C.E.