TUGAS TERMODINAMIKA TEKNIK II
NAMA NIM TUGAS
: RIO ANDI SAPUTRA : 110401144 : ke-1
1. Two reversible heat engines operate in series between a source at 527 C and a sink at 17 C. If the engines have equal efficiencies & the first rejects 400 kJ to the second, Calculate: (i) The temperature at which the heat is supplied to the second engine; (ii) The heat taken from the source; (iii) The work done by each engine. Assume that each engine operates on the Carnot cycle. SOLUTION :
GIVEN DATA: Two reversible heat engines operating in series at: Source temperature, T1 = 527C = 527 + 273 = 800 K Sink temperature, T3= 17 C = 17 + 273 = 290 K REQUIRED: If the engines have equal efficiencies i.e. 1 = 2 & First rejects 400 KJ to the second then calculate: (i) The temperature at which heat is supplied to the second engine, T2 =? (ii) The heat taken from the source, Q1 =? (iii) The work done by each engine, W1, W2 =?
ANSWER Assumsikan mesin bekerja pada siklus carnot,,maka: 1 = 2 = 1 (T2 / T1) = 1 (T3 / T1) T2 = T3 * T1 = 800 * 290 = 481.7 K (i) untuk (ii) Q1 =?
As = (Q1 Q2) / Q1 = 1 (Q2 / Q1) =1 400/ Q1---(1) = 1 (T2 / T1) = 1 (481.7 / 800) = 40 % (1) 0.40 = 1 400 / Q1 Q1 = 666 KJ untuk (iii) The work done by each engine, W1, W2 =? W1 = Q1 Q2 = 666 400 = 266 KJ W2 = Q2 Q3 = 400 240 = 160 KJ
2. In a Carnot Cycle operating between 307 & 17 C the maximum & minimum pressures are 62.4 bar & 1.04 bar. Calculate the cycle efficiency & the work ratio. Assume air to be the working fluid. GIVEN DATA: T1= 307 C = 580 K T2 = 17 C = 290 K P1=62.4 bar P2 = 1.04 bar REQUIRED: th =? Work Ratio =? SOLUTION : Work ratio = net work / gross work.. (1) net work = (T1 - T2) (S1- S2) (2) karena proses 4 Isothermal Maka: SA S 4 = R ln (P4 / P2) SA S 4 = 0.287 ln (62.4 / 1.04) = 1.175 KJ / Kg Karena proses A 2 is Costt. Proses tekanan Maka : SA S2 = Cp ln (T1 / T2) SA S2 =1.005 ln (580/290) = 0.6966 KJ /Kg Jadi, (SA S 4) (SA S2) = 1.175 0.6966 = 0.48KJ/Kg (2) => Net Work Done = (580 290) (0.48) = 139.2 KJ/Kg Gross Work = W41 + W12 = T1 (S1 S4) + CV (T1 T2)
= 580 (0.48) + 0.718 (580 - 290) = 486.62 KJ/Kg
Work Ratio = 139 .2 / 486.62 = 0.286 Ans.
3. A four-cylinder petrol engine has a swept volume of 2000 cm3 & the clearance volume in each cylinder is 60 cm3. Calculate the standard cycle efficiency. If the introduction conditions are 1 bar & 24 C & the maximum cycle temperature is 1400 C. Calculate the mean effective pressure based on the air standard cycle. GIVEN DATA: No. of cylinders = 4 Swept volume = Vs = 2000 cm3 = 2x10 -3 m3 Clear. Volume = Vc = 60 cm3 = 6x10 -3 m3 Vc= 24 x 10 -5 m3, P1 = 1 bar T1 = 24 C = 297 K T3 = 1400 C = 1673 K REQUIRED: th = ? Pm =?
SOLUTION: V1 / V2 = (Vc + Vs) / Vc rv = V1 / V2 = 9.33 th= 1 Q2 / Q1 = 1- ( T4-T1) / (T3-T2) (1) Process 1 2 & 3 4 adalah Isentropic T2 / T1 = (V1 / V2) -1 = 2.44 T2 = T1 (2.44) = 725.72 K T3 / T4 = (V4 / V3) -1 =2.44 T4 = T3 / 2.44= 685.65 K th= 1 (685.65 297) / ( 1673 725.72) = 59 % Efficiency = = W / Q1 ===> W = * Q1 W = {Cv (T3 T2)} = 402 KJ /Kg Pm = W / (v1 v2) P1v1 = RT1 => v1 = RT1/P1 = 0.85 V1 / V2 = 9.33 => v2 = 0.85/9.33 = 0.0914 Pm = (402 * 103) / (0.85 0.0914) = 5.28 bar
4. In an Air standard Otto cycles the maximum & minimum Temperatures are 1400 & 15 C. The heat supplied per Kg of air is 800 kJ. Calculate the compression ratio & the cycle efficiency. Calculate also the ratio of maximum to minimum pressure in the cycle. GIVEN DATA: Working fluid =Air Cycle is Otto T3 = 1400 C = 1673 K T1 = 15 C = 288 K Heat supplied = Q = 800 KJ /Kg REQUIRED: Compression ratio = rv = V1/V2=? th = ? P3 / P1=?
SOLUTION: th = 1 Q2 / Q1 ----------------------------------------- (1) Q1 = Cv (T3 T2) & Q2 = Cv (T2- T1) (1) => th = 1 (T4 T1) / (T3- T2) ------------------ (2) karena 1 2 & 3 4 adalah Isentropic. Maka, T2 / T1 = (V1/ V2) -1 = T3 /T4 Q1 = Cv (T3 T2) ===> 800 = 0.718 (1073- T2) T2 = 558.8 K T2 / T1= 558.8 /288 = 1.94 = (rv) -1 rv = (1.94 )(1/ - 1) = 5.25 (2) => th = 1 (1 / (rv) -1) = 0.485 = 48.5 % Process 2 3 & 4 1adalah volume nya konstant, maka: Pv = RT => P = RT / v => P3 = RT3 / v & P1 = RT1 / v Jadi, P3 / P1 = T3 / T1=1673/288 = 5.81
