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SQL DML for Database Professionals

DML statements like INSERT, UPDATE, and DELETE are used to manipulate data in database tables. The INSERT statement is used to add new rows to tables, allowing values to be specified for columns either individually or for all columns, and dates can be converted to the proper format. A subquery can also be used as the source of data for an INSERT statement instead of listing values directly or selecting from another table.

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46 views1 page

SQL DML for Database Professionals

DML statements like INSERT, UPDATE, and DELETE are used to manipulate data in database tables. The INSERT statement is used to add new rows to tables, allowing values to be specified for columns either individually or for all columns, and dates can be converted to the proper format. A subquery can also be used as the source of data for an INSERT statement instead of listing values directly or selecting from another table.

Uploaded by

MazMoh
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Manipulating Data -DML (INSERT, UPDATE, DELECT, MERGE)

DML Manipulation Language


A transaction consists of a collection of DML statements that form a logical unit of work. Every table has INSERT, UPDATE and DELETE privileges associated with it. These privileges are automatically granted to the creator of the table, but in general explicitly granted to others.

INSERT Adds new rows - one row at a time

use column list for clarity and no single quotes for numeric values - SYSDATE is a function so does not require single quotes , must consider constraints.

1. The basic INSERT statement - insert a new row containing values for each column INSERT INTO employees (employee_id, first_name, last_name, hire_date) VALUES (124, 'James', 'Wells', SYSDATE); The basic INSERT statement without using ANY of the column names
- column list is not needed, but you must list the values in the correct column order and a value must be declared for each column -use ' ' for blank CHAR and DATES and NULL for numbers

INSERT INTO employees VALUES (124, 'James', ' ', NULL); 2. The basic INSERT statement listing only those columns with data to be inserted
-this is the implicit way to have NULL values entered in those columns not listed -make sure the column can have a NULL value

INSERT INTO employees (employee_id, last_name) VALUES (124, 'Wells'); 4. INSERT with Specific Date Values INSERT INTO employees (employee_id, first_name, last_name, department_id, hire_date) VALUES (125, ' ', Jones, NULL, TO_DATE('February 19, 1989', 'Month DD, RRRR');
If the date must be entered in a format other than the default DD-MON-RR, you must use the TO_DATE datatype conversion. Also, if you enter '04-APR-98' only, the year is interpreted to be 2098.

5. INSERT INTO Using a Subquery in Place of the Table Name INSERT INTO

(SELECT employee_id, last_name, email, hire_date, job_id, salary department_id FROM employees WHERE department_id = 50 WITH CHECK OPTION) VALUES ( 99999, "Taylor', 'DTAYLOR', TO_DATE('07-JUN-99', 'DD-MON-RR'), 'ST_CLERK', 5000, 50);

**check option prohibits changes to rows that are not in the subquery. If department_id was left out of the SELECT list, an error occurs because NULL would be entered. It also keeps users of VIEWS from updating rows they don't have permission to SELECT.

6. INSERTING ROWS FROM ANOTHER TABLE USING A SUBQUERY INSERT INTO sales (id, name, salary, commission_pct) **NO VALUES CLAUSE (SELECT employee_id, salary, commission_pct FROM employees WHERE job_id LIKE '%REP%'); INSERT INTO copy_emp SELECT * FROM employees 7. CREATING A SCRIPT THAT PROMPTS THE USER FOR VALUES TO INSERT INSERT INTO departments (department_id, department_name, location_id) VALUES (&department_id, &department_name, &location_id);

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