EEE3086F 2011

Introduction to Simulink for simulating Amplitude Modulation and Demodulation

Introduction Overview:
Simulink is a com#rehensi$e d!namic s!stems anal!sis en$ironment or desi%n and simulation o en%ineerin% or scienti ic s!stems, or analo% or di%ital si%nal #rocessin%, ilter desi%ns, control s!stems, and communication s!stems to %eneral mathematical s!stem modellin%"

Exercise

Start &AT'A( and t!#e in )simulink *enter+) on the main command line" The Simulink #acka%e will #o# u# in a se#arate window" ,ns#ect the $arious dro# down menus, and o#en the hel# menu" Watch the ollowin% on-line tutorial $ideo. )&atlab/Simulink E0am#le Am#litude &odulation) - b! 1 Santia%o2, ,t is a$ailable rom htt#.//re$$er"com/$ideo/1136848/matlab-simulink-am#litudemodulation/

Exercise !: "reate a DS#$S" AM modulator and demodulator% &AM ' Amplitude Modulation( The Simulink block dia%ram at the end o this tutorial shows a com#leted am#litude modulator and demodulator" 5ou will enter this dia%ram in sta%es, simulate the s!stem, and ins#ect the wa$e orms in time and re6uenc! domains"

7lick on the Simulation and then 7on i%uration #arameters" 7han%e the Start time to 0 sec and sto# time to 1 sec" 8ote that in all di%itall! sam#led s!stems, the 8!6uist theorem re6uires the s!stem clock to be at least twice the hi%hest si%ni icant re6uenc! in the s!stem" When eedin% si%nals into non-linear com#onents or multi#liers, hi%her re6uenc! com#onents ma! be %enerated" E"%" i two sine wa$es are ed into a multi#lier, re6uenc! com#onents are %enerated at the sum and di erence re6uencies" To see smooth wa$e orms, the clock should be se$eral times the 8!6uist rate corres#ondin% to the hi%hest antici#ated re6uenc! com#onent in the s!stem" Set the Sol$er 9#tions to. i0ed-ste#, ode3 :de ault;, and set the ste# si<e to 1E-=, e6ui$alent to a s!stem sam#le rate o 100 k><, as shown below"

89TE. 9ne can also allow simulink to use a ?$ariable-ste#@ sam#lin% inter$al which can s#eed u# the simulation, and be #ro$ide im#ro$ed accurac! in some situations" Select the ?7hir# Si%nal@ as the modulation source, and dra% it onto the works#ace" A chir# si%nal is a wa$e orm or which the instantaneous re6uenc! chan%es o$er time" :We could use a sim#le sinusoid or the in#ut, but a re6uenc! swee# %enerator #ro$ides a more in ormati$e

%ra#hical #icture;" Set the chir# #arameters to. ,nitial Fre6uenc! 0><, tar%et time 1 sec, re6uenc! at tar%et time 100 ><"

,nsert a multi#lier and multi#l! the chir# si%nal b! a sinusoidal source with a re6uenc! o 10 k>< :2A#iA10e3; and an am#litude 1 :this is the carrier wa$e;" The out#ut o the multi#lier is the BS(-S7 A& si%nal" 7onnect u# the modules usin% links" &odules and links can be mo$ed, and deleted usin% the mouse" &odules can also be du#licated on the work sheet $ia )co#!) and )#aste) o#erations" Clace )Sco#es) : rom Sink; at lo%ical locations on the desi%n to allow the wa$e orms to be $iewed in a %ra#hical window" Bouble click on the sco#e, click on #arameters D data histor!, and unclick limit data #oints to last" Eun the simulation b! clickin% the ?#la!@ button on the toolbar" Bouble click on the sco#e:s; to take a closer look at the wa$e orms" 5ou should <oom in to see the detail" Tr! increasin% the sam#lin% re6uenc! b! a actor o F :that means decreasin% the sam#lin% time G 0"00001 seconds; and re-run the simulation H the wa$e orms should a##ear smoother" Ioom in to see the detail"

To demodulate the A& si%nal, use another multi#lier to multi#l! the A& si%nal b! a cosine with the same carrier re6uenc! o 10k><" The out#ut o the multi#lier has an en$elo#e which resembles the in#ut si%nal" Jsin% the o#erator button, #ass this new si%nal throu%h an Analo%ue (utterworth 'CF o =th order with a cut o re6uenc! at 200>< :12=6 rad/s;" 5ou can enter )2A#iA200) directl! as a #arameter, and Simulink will acce#t it" The ilter can be ound under si%nal #rocessin% blockset D ilterin% D Filter ,m#lementations"

Clace Sco#es : rom Sink; at lo%ical locations on the desi%n, click the ?#la!@ button on the toolbar, and then double click on sco#e to take a closer look at the wa$e orm" To $iew the wa$e orms in the re6uenc! domain, re6uires two Simulink blocks. ?S#ectrum Sco#e@ :to calculate and %enerate the dis#la!; and a ?Iero-order hold@ :which sam#les the in#ut wa$e orm with a re%ular user-s#eci ied sam#le inter$al #rior to eedin% it to the S#ectrum Sco#e;" S#ectrum sco#e is under si%nal #rocessin% blockset D si%nal #rocessin% sinks" Iero-order hold is under simulink D discrete" Simulink uses a discrete im#lementation o the Fourier trans orm known as the )Fast Fourier Trans orm@ or ?FFT@" The FFT takes 8 in#ut sam#les :which are stored in a bu er;, to #roduce the re6uenc! s#ectrum" See dia%ram" The sam#le rate o the <ero-order hold eedin% the FFT should be %reater than twice the hi%hest re6uenc! in the si%nal to be anal!sed :8!6uist criterion;" To allow ins#ection o si%nals containin% si%ni icant com#onents as hi%h as =0 k><, set the <eroorder hold )sam#le time) #arameter to 1E-= seconds, corres#ondin% to a sam#le rate o 100 k><" The re6uenc! resolution )d G 1/T) o a Fourier trans orm de#ends on the time duration T o the se6uence o sam#les stored in the bu er"

T G 8 A deltaKT where 8 is the number o sam#les in the bu er, and deltaKT is the sam#le time :which must be s#eci ied in the ?<eroorder hold@;" E"%" For a re6uenc! resolution d G 10 ><, T G 1/d G 0"1 seconds" The minimum bu er si<e is 8 G T / deltaKT G 0"1 / 1E-= G 10000" For the FFT to work, 8 must be a #ower o two, i"e" :""6F,128,2=6,=12,102F,20F8,8142,1638F,32368,6==36""" etc; 7hoose 8 G 1638F, bein% the ne0t hi%hest #ower o two, and enter this $alue as the bu er si<e" The bu er o$erla# can be set to 0, or some raction :#erha#s hal ; o the bu er len%th" The ?S#ectrum Sco#e@ can #lot either the ma%nitude-s6uared o the FFT, or the ma%nitude in d( :de ault;" This can be chan%ed in the ?a0is #ro#erties@ tab;" 5ou ma! ha$e to autoscale the s#ectrum a ter the simulation is com#lete :ri%ht click on the s#ectrum;"

)*ings to )r+:

7han%e the 'CF to a 1st order ilter which does not su##ress hi%her re6uenc! com#onents be!ond cut o as e ecti$el! as the =th order ilter" 9ne should see some hi%her re6uenc! ri##le on the out#ut time wa$e orm" Also look at the FFT dis#la!" ,t should be e$ident that re6uenc! com#onents at twice the carrier are not so well su##ressed with a irst order ilter" 7han%e the modulatin% si%nal to a sine wa$e with a re6uenc! o 1 k><" ,ns#ect the FFT out#ut - one should see two )sidebands) on either side o the carrier re6uenc!" These are known as the lower and u##er sidebands" 8ote. in this t!#e o am#litude modulation, no com#onent e0ists at the carrier re6uenc! itsel - hence the name )double sideband su##ressed carrier)" Then tr! increasin% the modulatin% si%nal to 2 k><" The side bands should mo$e urther a#art" Tr! chan%in% the carrier re6uenc!" 9bser$e the time and re6uenc! domains" 5ou can also tr! to introduce a #hase shi t between the carrier sinusoid, and that sinusoid that is ed into the demodulator" What e ect does this ha$eL Tr! increasin% the #hase shi t to 40 de%rees"

,uestion: Show mathematicall! how the modulated si%nal is reco$ered" :>int. use !our tri% identities, or %ra#hical con$olution;

7all a tutor when !ou ha$e com#leted the e0ercise to si%n o "