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Quantitative
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Aptitude Cheat
Sheet
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Formulae and Fundas
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Ramandeep Singh

[Link]

Quantitative Aptitude Cheat Sheet

Number system
Natural Numbers: 1, 2, 3, 4..
Whole Numbers: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4..
Integers: .-2, -1, 0, 1, 2 ..

Rational Numbers: Any number which can be

expressed as a ratio of two integers for example a p/q
format where p and q are integers. Proper fraction
will have (p<q) and improper fraction will have (p>q)
Factors: A positive integer f is said to be a factor of
a given positive integer 'n' if f divides n without
leaving a remainder. e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 and 12 are the
factors of 12.
Prime Numbers: A prime number is a positive
number which has no factors besides itself and unity.
Composite Numbers: A composite number is a
number which has other factors besides itself and
unity.

HCF and LCM

For two numbers, HCF x LCM = product of the two.

HCF of Fractions =
LCM of Fractions =

Relatively Prime or Co-Prime Numbers: Two positive

integers are said to be relatively prime to each other if
their highest common factor is 1.

Divisibility Rules
A number is divisible by: 2, 4 & 8 when the number
formed by the last, last two,last three digits are
divisible by 2,4 & 8 respectively. 3 & 9 when the sum
of the digits of the number is divisible by 3 & 9
respectively.

Factorial: For a natural number 'n', its factorial is

defined as: n! = 1 x 2 x 3 x 4 x .... x n (Note: 0! = 1)

11 when the difference between the sum of the digits

in the odd places and of those in even places is 0 or a
multiple of 11.

Absolute value: Absolute value of x (written as |x|) is

the distance of 'x' from 0 on the number line. |x| is
always positive. |x| = x for x > 0 OR -x for x < 0

6, 12 & 15 when it is divisible by 2 and 3, 3 and 4 & 3

and 5 respectively.
7, if the number of tens added to five times the number
of units is divisible by 7.

Laws of Indices

( )
/

13, if the number of tens added to four times the

number of units is divisible by 13.
19, if the number of tens added to twice the number of
units is divisible by 19.

Algebraic Formulae
=

=1

= (a b) (
ab + ). Hence,
divisible by ((a b) and (
ab + ).

is

= (a b) ( + b +
++

) (for all n). Hence,

is divisible by a b
for all n.

= (a + b) ( +

) (n even). Hence,
b for even n.

[Link]

b+
+
is divisible by a +

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Quantitative Aptitude Cheat Sheet

= (a + b) (

(n odd). Hence,
+
for odd n.
+

b+
++
is divisible by a + b

+
+
3abc = (a + b + c) (
+
ab
ac bc) Hence,
+
+ = 3abc if a + b +c = 0

Average
Simple Average

CAGR = (

Profit and Loss

%Profit/Loss =

100

In case false weights are used while selling,

1)

% Profit = (

Weighted Average =

Discount % =

100

100

Arithmetic Mean = (a1 + a2 + a3 an)/n

Mixtures and Alligations

Geometric Mean = 1 2
Harmonic Mean =

Alligation The ratio of the weights of the two

items mixed will be inversely proportional to the
deviation of attributes of these two items from the
average attribute of the resultant mixture

Percentage

Fractions and their percentage equivalents:

Fraction
1/2
1/3
1/4
1/5
1/6
1/7
1/8

Percentage
50%
33.33%
25%
20%
16.66%
14.28%
12.5%

Fraction
1/9
1/10
1/11
1/12
1/13
1/14
1/15

Percentage
11.11%
10%
9.09%
8.33%
7.69%
7.14%
6.66%

Interest

Ratio and Proportion

Amount = Principal + Interest

Simple Interest = PNR/100
Compound Interest = P 1

Population formula P = P 1

Depreciation formula = initial value

Growth and Growth Rates

Absolute Growth = Final Value Initial Value

Growth rate for one
year period
100
SAGR or AAGR =

[Link]

Compounded Ratio of two ratios a/b and c/d is

ac/bd,
Duplicate ratio of a : b is
:
Triplicate ratio of a : b is
:
Sub-duplicate ratio of a : b is :
Sub-triplicate ratio of a : b is :
Reciprocal ratio of a : b is b : a
=

Componendo and Dividendo

If

& a

b then

100
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Quantitative Aptitude Cheat Sheet

Four (non-zero) quantities of the same kind a, b, c, d

are said t o be in proportion if a/b = c/d.
The non-zero quantities of the same kind a, b, c, d are
said be in continued proportion if a/b = b/c = c/d.

Circular Races

Two people are running on a circular track of

length L with speeds a and b in the same direction

Proportion
Time for 1st meeting =
a, b, c , d are said to be in proportion if

a, b , c, d are said to be in continued proportion if

Time Speed and Distance

Time for 1st meeting at the starting point = LCM ( ,

)
Clocks: To solve questions on clocks, consider a
circular track of length 360. The minute hand moves
at a speed of 6 per min and the hour hand moves at a
speed of per minute.

Speed = Distance / Time

1 kmph = 5/18 m/sec; 1 m/sec = 18/5 kmph
=

Time and Work

If the distance covered is constant then the average

speed is Harmonic Mean of the values ( , ,
)
=

(for two speeds)

If the time taken is constant then the average speed is

Arithmetic Mean of the values ( , ,
)
, ,

If a person can do a certain task in t hours, then

in 1 hour he would do 1/t portion of the task.
A does a particular job in a hours and B does the
same job in b hours, together they will take
hours
A does a particular job in a hours more than A
and B combined whereas B does the same job in
b hours more than A and B combined, then
together they will take hours to finish the job.

Geometry
Lines and Angles

(for two speeds)

Races & Clocks

Linear Races
Winners distance = Length of race

Sum of the angles in a straight line is 180

Losers distance = Winners distance (beat

distance + start distance)

Vertically opposite angles are always equal.

Winners time = Losers time (beat time + start time)

If any point is equidistant from the endpoints

of a segment, then it must lie on the
perpendicular bisector.

Deadlock / dead heat occurs when beat time = 0 or

beat distance = 0
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Quantitative Aptitude Cheat Sheet

When two parallel lines are intersected by a

transversal, corresponding angles are equal,
alternate angles are equal and co-interior
angles are supplementary. (All acute angles
formed are equal to each other and all obtuse
angles are equal to each other)

Fact

The ratio of intercepts formed by a

transversal intersecting three parallel lines
is equal to the ratio of corresponding
intercepts formed by any other transversal.
=

Triangles

Sum of interior angles of a triangle is 180

and sum
of exterior angles is 360.

Exterior Angle = Sum of remote interior

angles.

Sum of two sides is always greater than

the third side and the difference of two
sides is always lesser than the third side.

Side opposite to the biggest angle is

longest and the side opposite to the
smallest angle is the shortest.

Median
A Median of a triangle is a line segment
joining a vertex to the midpoint of the
opposing side. The three medians intersect in a
single point, called the Centroid of the
triangle. Centroid divides the median in the
ratio of 2:1
Altitude
An Altitude of a triangle is a straight line
through a vertex and perpendicular to the
opposite side or an extension of the opposite
side. The three altitudes intersect in a single
point, alled the Orthocenter of the triangle.
Perpendicular Bisector
A Perpendicular Bisector is a line that forms a
right angle with one of the triangle's sides and
intersects that side at its midpoint. The three
perpendicular bisectors intersect in a single
point, called the Circumcenter of the triangle.
It is the center of the circumcircle which
passes through all the vertices of the triangle.
Angle Bisector
An Angle Bisector is a line that divides the
angle at one of the vertices in two equal parts.
The three angle bisectors intersect in a single
point, called the Incenter of the triangle. It is
the center of the incircle which touches all
sides of a triangle.

Theorems
Mid Point Theorem: The line joining the midpoint of
any two sides is parallel to the third side and is half
the length of the third side.

= x Base x Height
= x Product of sides x Sine of included angle
=
here s is the semi
perimeter
[s = (a+b+c)/2 ]
= r x s [r is radius of incircle]
=
[R is radius of circumcircle]

[Link]

Apollonius Theorem:

= 2(

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Quantitative Aptitude Cheat Sheet

Basic Proportionality Theorem: If DE || BC, then

AD/DB = AE/EC

30-60-90 Triangle
Area =

Interior Angle Bisector Theorem: AE/ED = BA/BD

45-45-90 Triangle
Area =
Special Triangles
Right Angled Triangle:
ABC

ADB BDC
= AD x DC and AB x BC = BD X DC
30-30-120 Triangle
Area =

Equilateral Triangle:
All angles are equal to 60. All sides are equal also.
Similarity of Triangles
Two triangles are similar if their corresponding angles
are congruent and corresponding sides are in
proportion.
Isosceles Triangle:
Angles equal to opposite sides are equal.
Area = 4

[Link]

Tests of similarity: (AA / SSS / SAS)

For similar triangles, if the sides are in the
ratio of a:b
Corresponding heights are in the ratio of a:b
Corresponding medians are in the ratio of a:b
Circumradii are in the ratio of a:b
Inradii are in the ratio of a:b
Perimeters are in the ratio of a:b
Areas are in the ratio a2 : b2

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Quantitative Aptitude Cheat Sheet

Congruency of Triangles
Two triangles are congruent if their corresponding
sides and angles are congruent.

Cyclic Quadrilateral

Tests of congruence: (SSS / SAS / AAS / ASA)

All ratios mentioned in similar triangle are now 1:1
Polygons

Sum of interior angles = (n - 2) x 180 = (2n 4) x 90

Sum of exterior angles = 360
Number of diagonals = nC2 n =
Number of triangles which can be formed by
the vertices = nC3

Regular Polygon :
If all sides and all angles are equal, it is a
regular polygon.

All regular polygons can be inscribed in or

circumscribed about a circle.

Area = Perimeter Inradius {Inradius is

the perpendicular from centre to any side}

Each Interior Angle =

If all vertices of a quadrilateral lie on the

circumference of a circle, it is known as a
cyclic quadrilateral.

Opposite angles are supplementary

Area =
is the semi perimeter s =

Sum of the interior angles = Sum of the

exterior angles = 360
Area for a quadrilateral is given by

Parallelogram

Opposite sides are parallel and congruent.

Opposite angles are congruent and consecutive

angles are supplementary.

Diagonals of a parallelogram bisect each other.

Perimeter = 2(Sum of adjacent sides);

Area = Base x Height = AD x BE

Facts

1 2 Sin

Each diagonal divides a parallelogram in two

triangles of equal area.
Sum of squares of diagonals = Sum of squares
of four sides
o

[Link]

where s

; Exterior =

Quadrilaterals :

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Quantitative Aptitude Cheat Sheet

A Rectangle is formed by intersection of the

four angle bisectors of a parallelogram.

Kite

Rhombus

A parallelogram with all sides equal is a

Rhombus. Its diagonals bisect at 90.
Perimeter = 4a; Area =

Two pairs of adjacent sides are congruent.

The longer diagonal bisects the shorter

diagonal at 90.

Area =

1 2
Trapezium / Trapezoid

Area = d x

Rectangle
A parallelogram with all angles equal (90) is a
Rectangle. Its diagonals are congruent.

A quadrilateral with exactly one pair of sides

parallel is known as a Trapezoid. The parallel
sides are known as bases and the non-parallel
sides are known as lateral sides.

Area =

Median, the line joining the midpoints of

lateral sides, is half the sum of parallel sides.

Perimeter = 2(l+b)
Area = lb

Square
A parallelogram with sides equal and all angles equal
is a square. Its diagonals are congruent and bisect at
90.

Perimeter = 4a
Area =
Diagonals = a 2

Fact: From all quadrilaterals with a given area, the

square has the least perimeter. For all quadrilaterals
with a given perimeter, the square has the greatest
area.

[Link]

Fact

(Sum of parallel sides) Height

Sum of the squares of the length of the

diagonals = Sum of squares of lateral sides + 2
Product of bases.
+

+ 2 AB CD

Isosceles Trapezium

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Quantitative Aptitude Cheat Sheet

The non-parallel sides (lateral sides) are equal in

length. Angles made by each parallel side with the
lateral sides are equal.

Circles

Facts: If a trapezium is inscribed in a circle, it has to be

an isosceles trapezium. If a circle can be inscribed in a
trapezium, Sum of parallel sides = Sum of lateral sides.
Hexagon (Regular)

Diameter = 2r; Circumference = 2r; Area =

Perimeter = 6a;

Area =

Chords equidistant from the centre of a circle are

equal. A line from the centre, perpendicular to a
chord, bisects the chord. Equal chords subtend equal
angles at the centre.

Sum of Interior angles = 720.

Each Interior Angle = 120. Exterior = 60

Number of diagonals = 9 {3 big and 6 small}

Length of big diagonals (3) = 2a

Length of small diagonals (6) = 3 a

Area of an Octagon = 2(2 + 1)

The diameter is the longest chord of a circle. A chord

/arc subtends equal angle at any point on the
circumference and double of that at the centre.
Chords / Arcs of equal lengths subtend equal angles.

Area of a Pentagon = 1.72

Facts: A regular hexagon can be considered as a

combination of six equilateral triangles. All regular
polygons can be considered as a combination of n
isosceles triangles.

Chord AB divides the circle into two parts: Minor Arc

AXB and Major Arc AYB

[Link]

Measure of arc AXB = AOB =

Length (arc AXB) =

2r

Area (sector OAXB) =

Area of Minor Segment = Shaded Area in

above figure

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Quantitative Aptitude Cheat Sheet

Area of Sector OAXB - Area of OAB

[
]

Properties of Tangents, Secants and Chords

The radius and tangent are perpendicular to each

other. There can only be two tangents from an
external point, which are equal in length PA = PB

PA PB =
= [m(Arc AC) - m(Arc BC)]
Alternate Segment Theorem

The angle made by the chord AB with the tangent at A

(PQ) is equal to the angle that it subtends on the
opposite side of the circumference.
BAQ = ACB

Common Tangents

PA PB = PC PD
= [m(Arc AC) m(Arc BD)]

Two Circles

No. of Common
Tangents

One is
completely
inside other
Touch internally
Intersect

Touch externally
One is
completely
outside other

3
4

1
2

Distance
Between
Centers (d)
< r1 r2
= r1 r2
r1 r2 < d < r1
+ r2
= r1 + r2
> r1 + r2

PA PB = PC PD
= [m(Arc AC) + m(Arc BD)]
Properties

[Link]

Length of the Direct Common Tangent (DCT)

AD = BC =
1 2

Length of the Transverse Common Tangent

(TCT)
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Quantitative Aptitude Cheat Sheet

RT = SU =
( 1 + 2)
Venn Diagram: A venn diagram is used to visually
represent the relationship between various sets. What
do each of the areas in the figure represent?

Addition Rule:
P (A U B) = P(A) + P(B) P(AB)

I only A; II A and B but not C; III Only B; IV

A and C but not B; V A and B and C; VI B and C
but not A; VII Only C
n(ABC) = n(A) + n(B) + n(C) n(AB)
n(AC) - n(BC) + n(ABC)

Multiplication Rule: P(AB) = P(A) P(B/A) = P(B)

P(A/B)

Permutation and Combination

When two tasks are performed in succession, i.e.,
they are connected by an 'AND', to find the total
number of ways of performing the two tasks, you have
to MULTIPLY the individual number of ways. When
only one of the two tasks is performed, i.e. the tasks
are connected by an 'OR', to find the total number of
ways of performing the two tasks you have to ADD
the individual number of ways.
Eg: In a shop there ared doors and w windows.

For Mutually Exclusive Events P(A B) = 0

P (A U B) = P(A) + P(B)

For Independent Events P(A/B) = P(B) and P(B/A) =

P(B)
P(AB) = P(A).P(B)
P(A U B) = P(A) + P(B) P(A).P(B)

Sequence, Series and

Progression
Arithmetic Progression
= + (n 1)d
= ( +
) = (2

+ (n 1)d

Geometric Progression
Case1: If a thief wants to enter via a door or window,
he can do it in (d+w) ways.

=
=

Case2: If a thief enters via a door and leaves via

a window, he can do it in (d x w) ways.
Linear arrangement of r out of 'n' distinct items ( npr):
The first item in the line can be selected in 'n' ways
AND the second in (n 1) ways AND the third in (n
2) ways AND so on. So, the total number of ways
of arranging 'r' items out of 'n' is
(n)(n - 1)(n 2)...(n - r + 1) =

Sum till infinite terms =

(valid only when r < 1)

!
!

Circular arrangement of 'n' distinct items: Fix

the first item and then arrange all the other items
linearly with respect to the first item. This can be
done in (n 1)! ways.

Probability
P(A) =
For Complimentary Events: P(A) + P(A) = 1
For Exhaustive Events: P(A) + P(B) +P(C) = 1
[Link]

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