SENSORS AND INSTRUMENTATIONS
LABORATORY REPORT 02 : OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER
1.0 LEARNING OUTCOMES
We are able to:
Setup an experiment for operational
amplifier with UA741.
Develop a circuit op-amp circuit
based on desired output.
Produce technical report.
Input, marked with a positive or plus sign
( + ).The IC and pin connecting diagram for the
most popular op-amp (741) are shown in figure1.
2.0 BACKGROUND KNOWLEDGE
An operational amplifier (op-amp) is a DCcoupled high-gain electronic voltage amplifier
with a differential input and, usually, a singleended output. In this configuration, an op-amp
produces an output potential which is relative to
circuit ground that is typically hundreds of
Figure 1: Operational Amplifier
thousands of times larger than the potential
difference between its input terminals.
3.0 LIST OF COMPONENTS,
EQUIPMENTS AND SOFTWARE
Operational amplifiers had their origins
in analog computers, where they were used to do
mathematical operations in many linear, nonlinear and frequency-dependent circuits..
The operational amplifier (op-amp) is a
voltage controlled voltage source with very high
gain. An ideal Operational Amplifier is basically
a three-terminal device which consists of two
high impedance inputs, one called the Inverting
Input, marked with a negative or minus sign,
( - ) and the other one called the Non-inverting
Component :
1. UA 741Op-amp integrated circuit
2. 5 pieces of resistor with different value of
Ohm.
3. Connecting wires
Equipment :
1. Protoboard
2. Digital Multimeter
3. Power supply
4. Oscilloscope
5. Function Generator
4.0 PROCEDURE
1. All the component and equipment are
prepared.
2. The circuits are connected as shown in
figure 2 and figure 3. Here a voltage
divider is used to provide the op-amp
with an input voltage (relative to
power supply ground) varying from
+15V to -15V, with a potentiometer
controlling the exact value.
3. The Digit Multimeter is used to adjust
the input voltage until it is very close
Figure 3: Non-inverting
5.0 RESULT & ANALYSIS
to zero.
4. The output graph that showed by the
5.1 Non-Inverting
oscilloscope are recorded.
Figure 4: Non-Inverting circuit
Figure 2: Inverting
Vin (V)
Vout (V)
0.20
2.20
0.40
4.00
0.60
6.00
0.80
8.00
1.00
9.80
Table 1: Non-inverting result
Figure 4.4
Figure 4.1
Figure 4.5
Figure 4.2
Vout vs Vin
12
Vout (V)
10
8
6
4
2
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
Vin (V)
Figure 4.3
Figure 4.6 : Non-inverting graph
In this non-inverting circuit we use 3
different value of resistor which are
R2 = (4.5 + 4.5) k and R1=[Link]
based on this value we substitute into
the formula to get the output voltage
(Vout) as below:
Vout = Vin (1 + R2/ R1)
For example:
Vin (V)
Vout (V)
0.16
-2.00
0.32
-2.75
0.48
-3.83
0.56
-4.80
1.03
-10.00
Table 2 : Non-Inverting Result
When Vin = 0.40 V then
Vout = 0.40 (1 + 9 / 1)
= 4.0 V
Means that Vout = 10 Vin
The graph show the output voltage
(Vout) is directly proportional to (Vin).
Figure 5.1
5.2 Inverting
Figure 5.2
Figure 5 : Inverting circuit
Vout vs Vin
Vin (V)
0
0.16 0.32 0.48 0.56 1.03
-2
Vout ( V)
-4
-6
-8
Figure 5.3
-10
-12
Figure 5.6 : Inverting graph
In this inverting circuit we use 2
different value of resistor which are
Rf =100 k and Rin =10 [Link]
based on this value we substitute into
the formula to get the output voltage
(Vout) as below:
Figure 5.4
Vout = -Vin (Rf / Rin)
For example:
When Vin = 1.03 V then
Vout = -1.03(100/10)
= -10.3 V
Means Vout = 10 Vin
Figure 5.5
The graph show that output voltage
(Vout) is inversely proportional to
(Vin).
6.0 CONCLUSION
From this experiment we are able to Setup an
experiment for operational amplifier with UA
741. We also can develop a circuit op-amp
circuit based on desired output and finally can
produce technical report.
In conclusion, the purpose of an amplifier is
to increase the voltage level of a signal while
preserving as accurately as possible the original
waveform. In the physical sciences, transducers
are used to convert basic physical quantities into
electric signals. An amplifier is usually needed to
raise the small transducer voltage to a useful
level.
7.0 REFERENCES
[Link]
[Link]
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[Link]
Norman [Link],[Link] Systems
Engineering Fourth Edition, John Wiley
& Sons, Inc.
