Chapter # 4
Energy resources
ENERGY RESOURCES: P 32
Q1. Where most of the worlds energy does comes from?
Ans: Most of the worlds energy comes from burning fuels.
[Link] the meaning of the following words a) combustion
b) ignition
a) The chemical reaction which takes place when a fuel reacts with oxygen to give out
thermal energy (heat) is called combustion.
b) The small amount of energy needed to light a fuel is called ignition.
Q3. List five common fuels that could be used in the home.
Ans: coal, natural gas, kerosene oil, wood, charcoal
Q4. Give three uses for oil products.
Ans: Oil products are used in vehicles, for heating homes and in power stations.
FOSSIL FUELS: P 3334
Q1. What is a fossil fuel?
Ans: A fossil fuel is formed from the remains of living things. Coal, oil, and natural gas are
fossil fuels.
Q2. Suggest why there are no human fossil in coal.
Ans: There were no human beings living on the Earth at that time.
Q4. a) What does crude oil look like? b) Explain why crude oil is a fossil fuel.
a) Crude oil is thick and black.
b) Crude oil is a fossil fuel because it was made from the dead bodies of microscopic plants
and animals that once lived in the sea.
Q5. What does porous mean?
Ans: Porous means something having sponge-like holes through which liquid or gas can seep.
Q6. Why are gases deposits found on top of oil deposit?
Ans: Gas deposits collect above the oil because they are less dense.
BURNING FOSSIL FUELS: P 3536
Q1. Explain how fossil fuel cause air pollution.
Ans: When fossil fuels are burnt they produce harmful substances that cause air pollution and,
in turn harm the environment.
Q2. Name three gases that cause rain to be acidic.
Ans: carbon dioxide, sulphur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide
Q4. What happen to the heat energy that reaches Earth from the sun?
Ans: The layer of air which surrounds the Earth acts as an insulating layer. Carbon dioxide gas
in the atmosphere absorbs the heat from the Sun and keeps it in thereby maintaining a specific
temperature for life on Earth.
Q5. a) Explain why carbon dioxide is called a green house gas.
Ans: a) Similar to a greenhouse, carbon dioxide is very good at keeping heat within the Earths
atmosphere. This is why it is called a greenhouse gas. It has been very useful in making the
Earth warm enough for human life to survive.
Q5. b) Name one other green house gas.
b) methane
Q6. a) What is a global warming?
Ans: a) An increase in the amount of carbon dioxide in the air is increasing the greenhouse
effect, which is causing the temperature of the Earth to rise. This is global warming.
Q6. b) Explain how global warming can lead to the flooding of low lying areas.
b) Global warming will cause the ice caps at the Poles to melt which in turn will cause the sea
level to rise, thus causing a change in weather patterns: more flooding will occur in the lowlying parts of the world.
RENEWABLE ENERGY RESOURCES: P 39
Q1. a) What is a renewable energy source?
Ans: a) A renewable energy source is a natural energy source which can supply energy for
millions of years without becoming exhausted.
Q1. b) Give two examples of renewable energy sources.
b) The Sun, wind, and tides.
Q2. What is the main problem with wind power?
Ans: The energy produced by wind is difficult to store, and electricity is only produced when
the turbines are rotating.
Q3. a) What is the wind farm?
Ans: a) A wind farm has a large number of wind turbines in one place.
Q3. b) Suggest a good place to establish a wind farm.
Ans: b) A good place to establish a wind farm would be a windy location on land or out at sea.
Q4. a) What is hydroelectric power?
Ans: a) Hydroelectric power is electricity produced from flowing water.
Q4. b) Suggest a good place to put a hydroelectric power station.
Ans: b) A hydroelectric power station should be built at a high place through which a river
flows.
Q5. How might the building of a hydroelectric power station affect the environment?
Ans: Building a hydroelectric power station results is a great change in the surrounding
environment. This change may cause flooding of farmlands as well as relocation of people to
new areas.
CHAPTER # 5
ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS
CONDUCTORS AND INSULATORS: P 55
Q1. a) What is an electrical conductor?
Ans: a) An electrical conductor allows electricity to pass through it.
Q1. b) What is an electric insulator?
b) An electrical insulator does not allow electricity to pass through it.
Q2. Name three electrical conductors and three electrical insulators.
Ans: conductors: metals, graphite, carbon insulators: glass, rubber, wood
Q3. Explain why plugs, sockets and switches are made of plastic.
Ans: They are made of plastic because plastic is an insulator and does not allow electricity to
pass through it.
MEASURING CURRENT: P 57
Q1. In what units is the size of an electric current is measured?
Ans: Electric current is measured in amperes.
Q2. What device is used to measure current flow accurately?
Ans: An ammeter is used to measure current flow accurately.
Q3. What does the symbol A stands for?
Ans: The symbol A means amperes.
Q4. Describe how you would connect an ammeter into an electric circuit correctly.
Ans: The positive connector of the ammeter should be attached to the positive terminal of the
battery and the ammeter should be placed before the bulb.
Q5. If a current of 4 A flows into a bulb, how much current flows out of the bulb?
Ans: The same amount of current i.e. 4A flows out of the bulb.
PARALLEL CIRCUITS IN THE HOME: P 60
Q1. What is the great advantage of using parallel circuits in the home?
Ans: Electrical devices can be connected to the parallel circuit in homes at any point.
Q2. a) Describe a ring main.
B) how are devices connected to a domestic ring main?
Ans: a) A ring main is an extended form of a parallel circuit. The circuit is arranged in the
form of a ring.
b) Devices can be placed anywhere between the two wires of the ring.
Q3. List four devices that you might connect to a domestic ring main.
Ans: lamp, radio, washing machine, toaster
Q4. a) What is the difference between a simple parallel circuit and a domestic ring main?
Ans: a) Though a ring main is an extension of a parallel circuit allowing devices to be plugged
in at any point of the ring, the ring also has an extra wire called the earth wire.
Q4. b) What is the reason for this?
Ans: b) The earth wire is present for the sake of safety.
RESISTANCE: P 61
Q1. Suggest a reason for a bulb blowing in an electric circuit.
Ans: too much current flowing through the bulb
Q2. Describe what happens when a bulb blows.
Ans: The thin filament of the bulb gets hot, burns and melts when a large current flows
through it.
Q3. a) Name two materials that have a different electric resistance.
Ans: a) copper, nichrome
Q3. b) Which of these has the lowest resistance?
b) Copper has the lowest resistance.
Q4. What affect does the thickness of a wire have on its resistance?
Ans: The resistance of a wire decreases as its thickness increases.
