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Shear Strength Testing Methods

This document discusses various laboratory tests used to evaluate the shear strength of soils, including: 1) Vane shear test to determine undrained strength of saturated clays in-situ. 2) Direct shear test to measure shear strength parameters (cohesion c and friction angle φ) of soil specimens. 3) Unconfined compression test to obtain undrained strength (qu) of saturated clays from which undrained shear strength (Su) can be calculated. 4) Triaxial tests, including unconsolidated-undrained, consolidated-undrained, and consolidated-drained tests, to determine shear strength parameters under drained and undrained conditions.

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Christina Heryes
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117 views15 pages

Shear Strength Testing Methods

This document discusses various laboratory tests used to evaluate the shear strength of soils, including: 1) Vane shear test to determine undrained strength of saturated clays in-situ. 2) Direct shear test to measure shear strength parameters (cohesion c and friction angle φ) of soil specimens. 3) Unconfined compression test to obtain undrained strength (qu) of saturated clays from which undrained shear strength (Su) can be calculated. 4) Triaxial tests, including unconsolidated-undrained, consolidated-undrained, and consolidated-drained tests, to determine shear strength parameters under drained and undrained conditions.

Uploaded by

Christina Heryes
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

SHEAR STRENGTH

Long footing

Long embankment

3
Element enlargements and
corresponding shear
p

Vertical trench

Retaining wall

Backfill slip

Short footing & punching


5
3

1
2
Alternative

Typical failure modes requiring shear strength evaluation

Vane Shear Test


The test is used for the in-situ determination of the
undrained strength of fully saturated clays
The test is very suitable for soft clays (< 100 kN/m2)
The torque strength : T = cu d2h + d3

T
d

Direct Shear Test (1)


Vertical force (N)
Loading plate

Boxes

Porous plates

specimen

Vertical force (N)


h
Boxes
T

l
Shear force (T)

Vertical force (N)


Loading plate

Box

Shear force (T)


T

specimen

Porous
plates

N
A

T
A

Mohr Circle for Direct Shear Test

Direct Shear Test (2)

Max.

Max.

Direct Shear Test (3)

Failure Envelope

Mohr Circle

Unconfined Compression Test


(ASTM D-2166-66, 72)

This test is classified as unconsolidated undrained test


and only suitable for saturated clay
The compressive strength obtained : qu
The undrained shear strength : Su = qu/2

3 = 0

3 = 0


qu

probable

test

Stress-strain plot to obtain qu

cu
c

qu

Mohrs circle for unconfined


compression test

Triaxial Test

(ASTM D-2850-70)

Axial stress

all-round pressure

1
1 : major principal stress
3 : minor principal stress
1 3 : deviator stress

Triaxial Apparatus
Axial stress
Equal
all-round
pressure

1 : major principal stress


3 : minor principal stress
1 3 : deviator stress

All-round
pressure
supply

Types of Triaxial Test


Unconsolidated Undrained (UU)
- also known as quick test
- the all-round pressure is given initially, then the deviator stress is
applied immediately until it reaches failure state
- no drainage is permitted at any stages of test
Consolidated Undrained (CU)
- also known as quick test
- drainage is permitted under a specified all-round pressure until
consolidation is complete
- deviator stress is then applied with no drainage is permitted
- pore water pressure is measured during the undrained stage
Consolidated Drained (CD)
- drainage is permitted under a specified all-round pressure until
consolidation is complete
- deviator stress is then applied at a slow rate with drainage is
permitted
- the excess pore water pressure is maintained at zero

Aplikasi Pengujian

Kondisi Tidak Terdrainasi (Undrained strength)


- dinyatakan dalam tegangan total : cu and u
- diaplikasikan pada tanah dengan permeabilitas rendah
segera saat konstruksi

Kondisi Terdrainasi (Drained strength)


- dinyatakan dalam tegangan efektif : c and
- diaplikasikan pada tanah dengan permeabilitas rendah
setelah konstruksi selesai dan mewakili kondisi jangka
panjang

Failure plane

Failure envelope

2 = 90+

f
1 + 3

f = (1 - 3)sin 2 = c + tan
f = (1+3) + (1 - 3)cos 2
sin =

(1 - 3)
c cot + (1 + 3)

The Relationship Between and

Consolidated drained
(effective stress)

Consolidated undrained
(total stress)

(3+u) 1

3
u

Effective stress
condition
Total stress
condition

(1+u)

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