Chapter4
IgneousRocks
[Link]
Whatisarock?
ROCK CYCLE
[Link]/Artwork/Graphic_Design/[Link]
N. Ramos | Geology 11 Principles of Geology
Lecture Notes: Igneous Rocks
Magmatism
formation of igneous rocks from magma
Plutonism
intrusive igneous rock crystallizes from magma and slowly cools below the surface of the
Earth
Volcanism
includes all phenomena resulting from and causing magma within the crust or mantle of
a planet
l
t tto rise
i th
through
h th
the crustt and
d fform volcanic
l
i rocks
k on th
the surface
f
N. Ramos | Geology 11 Principles of Geology
Lecture Notes: Igneous Rocks
VOLCANISM AND PLUTONISM
WHAT IS MAGMA?
([Link]
molten rock located beneath the
surface of the Earth, and which often
collects in a magma chamber.
high-temperature
a complex high
temperature (~650
( 650 ~1200 C) silicate solution that is
ancestral to all igneous rocks
capable of intrusion into adjacent
crustal rocks (plutonism)
capable of extrusion onto the
surface (volcanism), sometimes
emerges through volcanic vents as
lavas and pyroclastic ejecta
collects in many separate magma
chambers within the Earth's crust;
different compositions in different
places
N. Ramos | Geology 11 Principles of Geology
[Link]
Lecture Notes: Igneous Rocks
Formation of magmas
by partial melting of rocks through heating and fluxing with water
e.g., subduction zones
by
b decompression
d
i
e.g., mid
mid--oceanic ridges
N. Ramos | Geology 11 Principles of Geology
Lecture Notes: Igneous Rocks
MAGMA TYPES/COMPOSITION ([Link]
FELSIC
(RHYOLITIC)
INTERMEDIATE
(ANDESITIC)
MAFIC
(BASALTIC)
ULTRAMAFIC
(PICRITIC)
SiO2
> 70%
~ 60%
< 50%
< 45%
Fe - Mg
~ 2%
~ 3%
~ 4%
>8% - 32%
MgO
Temperature
700C
~1000C
up to
~1200C
up to
~1500C
Viscosity
High
Intermediate
Low
Low to Very
Low
Eruptive
behavior
explosive
explosive
gentle
gentle
N. Ramos | Geology 11 Principles of Geology
Lecture Notes: Igneous Rocks
CRYSTALLIZATON AND THE BOWENS REACTION SERIES
[Link]
N. Ramos | Geology 11 Principles of Geology
Lecture Notes: Igneous Rocks
CLASSIFICATION
PLUTONIC VS. VOLCANIC VS. PYROCLASTIC
[Link]
N. Ramos | Geology 11 Principles of Geology
Lecture Notes: Igneous Rocks
PLUTONIC ROCKS
[Link]
N. Ramos | Geology 11 Principles of Geology
Lecture Notes: Igneous Rocks
CLASSIFICATION
N. Ramos | Geology 11 Principles of Geology
[Link]
Lecture Notes: Igneous Rocks
IDENTIFICATION
COMPOSITION (Color Index)
TEXTURE
FELSIC
INTERMEDIATE
MAFIC
ULTRAMAFIC
phaneritic
granite
diorite
gabbro
peridotite
aphanitic/
porphyritic
rhyolite
andesite
basalt
basalt
vesicular
pumice
pumice
scoria
glassy
obsidian
fragmental
Agglomerate, volcanic breccia, lapilli
stone, tuff
N. Ramos | Geology 11 Principles of Geology
Lecture Notes: Igneous Rocks
PLUTONIC AND VOLCANIC ROCKS
GRANITE
(PHANERITIC)
DIORITE
GABBRO
[Link]
[Link]
[Link]
IgnRx/HTMLimag/[Link]
[Link]
[Link]
RHYOLITE
(APHANITIC)
ANDESITE
BASALT
[Link]
Rhyolite jpg
[Link]
PORPH. RHYOLITE
(PORPHYRITIC)
[Link]
rocks1/rhyolite_porphyry800.jpg
[Link]
Lassen/And-Brokeoff
Lassen/And
Brokeoff_med.jpg
[Link]
PORPH. ANDESITE
[Link]
photos/[Link]
N. Ramos | Geology 11 Principles of Geology
[Link]
vwlessons/rocks pics/basalt jpg
vwlessons/rocks_pics/[Link]
PERIDOTITE
[Link]
1Minerals/1IgneousMineralz/Olivine/
[Link]
KOMATIITE
[Link]
2IgneousRocks/IgneousCompositions/
1Ultramafic/[Link]
PORPH. BASALT
[Link]
images_versions/[Link]
Lecture Notes: Igneous Rocks
FRAGMENTAL/PYROCLASTIC ROCKS
PUMICE
SCORIA
TUFF
[Link]
[Link]
subcommittees/emr/usgsweb/photo [Link] richard/rocktest/igneous_web/images/
gallery/images/Pumice%203_jpg.jpg
tuff%20breccia%[Link]
InsideOutside/[Link]
IGNIMBRITE
[Link]
keywords/photos/[Link]
GLASSY ROCK
OBSIDIAN
[Link]
N. Ramos | Geology 11 Principles of Geology
Lecture Notes: Igneous Rocks
Igneous rocks and mineral deposits
N. Ramos | Geology 11 Principles of Geology
Lecture Notes: Igneous Rocks
