Analytical and Computational Methods in Civil Engineering I
2nd Semester A.Y. 2014-2015
Lecture 3 Control Structures in C
Elvin B. Cruz
Lecturer II
Institute of Civil Engineering
Assignment Operators
CE 26 Lecture 3 Control Structures in C
Increment/Decrement Operators
CE 26 Lecture 3 Control Structures in C
Control Structures in C
Enable the programmer to control the flow of
the program and the sequence by which the
inputted commands are to be executed
Types:
1. Sequence Structure
Statements are executed in the order by which they are written
2. Selection Structure
if, if-else statements, switches
3. Repetition (Recursive) Structure
for, while, do-while
CE 26 Lecture 3 Control Structures in C
Selection Structures
If, if-else, nested if-else, switch
CE 26 Lecture 3 Control Structures in C
Selection Structures
1. if statement
- single-selection structure
2. if-else statement
- double-selection structure
3. switch
- multiple-selection structure
CE 26 Lecture 3 Control Structures in C
if Selection Structure
Allows a program to execute a (set of)
command(s) if the relational condition statement
is satisfied
Syntax:
if (condition statement)
{
body statement;
}
CE 26 Lecture 3 Control Structures in C
if Selection Structure
CE 26 Lecture 3 Control Structures in C
If-else Selection Structure
Instructs the program what statements to execute if
the condition statement is satisfied and if it is not
Syntax:
if (condition statement)
{
body statement1;
}
else
{
body statements2;
}
CE 26 Lecture 3 Control Structures in C
If-else Selection Structure
CE 26 Lecture 3 Control Structures in C
Nested if-else Selection Structure
CE 26 Lecture 3 Control Structures in C
Nested if-else Selection Structure
CE 26 Lecture 3 Control Structures in C
If, if-else, Nested if-else
NOTE:
The first statement directly following these
control structures are executed when the
conditional statement is satisfied.
To include several statements to be executed,
contain them within a pair of braces.
CE 26 Lecture 3 Control Structures in C
Switch Selection Structure
Branches of decisions
Evaluates relational statements involving
types int and char only (case sensitive)
Efficiently substitutes for a nested if-else
statements when execution of one of many
alternatives is needed.
Commonly uses break and goto to terminate
execution of statements
CE 26 Lecture 3 Control Structures in C
Switch Selection Structure
switch ( integer/char conditional expression )
{
case constant1:
statements;
break;
case constant2:
statements;
break;
........................................
default:
statements;
}
CE 26 Lecture 3 Control Structures in C
Switch Selection Structure
Using break
CE 26 Lecture 3 Control Structures in C
Switch Selection Structure
Using goto
CE 26 Lecture 3 Control Structures in C
Switch Selection Structure
Using break
Switch Selection Structure
Using goto
CE 26 Lecture 3 Control Structures in C
Repetition Structures
(Loops)
for, while,do-while
CE 26 Lecture 3 Control Structures in C
Repetition Structures
Means of Repetition:
1. Counter-controlled (definite repetition)
Counter-controlled variable counts the
number of specified repetitions
2. Sentinel-controlled (indefinite repetition)
Sentinel serves as the lookout/guard since
the no. of repetitions is unknown or is
dependent on data that will be inputted by
the user
CE 26 Lecture 3 Control Structures in C
Repetition Structures
1. for
-repeats a statement or compound statements a
specified number of times
2. while
-executes a statement or a block of statements until a
specified expression evaluates to false.
3. do-while
-similar with while except that the condition is evaluated
after each execution of the loop; executes the
statement at least once
CE 26 Lecture 3 Control Structures in C
for Repetition Structure
Automatically handles a counter-controlled
repetition structure
Syntax:
for (initialization; test condition; increment)
{
statement(s);
}
CE 26 Lecture 3 Control Structures in C
for Repetition Structure
CE 26 Lecture 3 Control Structures in C
while Repetition Structure
The program executes the statement in the body of the while
statement until the condition statement is not satisfied
Syntax
initialization;
while(test condition)
{
compound statement;
increment;
}
CE 26 Lecture 3 Control Structures in C
while Repetition Stucture
CE 26 Lecture 3 Control Structures in C
while Repetition Stucture
Sample of sentinel-controlled repetition
CE 26 Lecture 3 Control Structures in C
do-while Repetition Structure
The condition statement is evaluated at the end of
every iteration
Syntax:
Initialization;
do
{
statements;
Decrement/increment of counter;
}
while (condition);
CE 26 Lecture 3 Control Structures in C
do-while Repetition Structure
CE 26 Lecture 3 Control Structures in C
References:
Lecture Notes and Presentations by Dr. Eric
Tingatinga and Rahf Alvarez
C How to Program: Introducing C++ and Java,
3rd Ed. By Deitel&Deitel.
CE 26 Lecture 3 Control Structures in C
