Sarajevo School of Science and Technology

Effects of
Cannabis Use on
Academic
Achievement
Quantitative Research: Online Survey

Word Count:

Nina Jaarevi
Abstract

The topic of effects of cannabis use on various spheres of life has been

thoroughly investigated throughout recent years. Cannabis in relation to

education has also been a debated topic. However, there not many studies

have been conducted regarding the specific effects of cannabis use on

academic achievement, especially in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Thus, this paper

will attempt to investigate this issue using a quantitative research method of

online survey. 49 participants overall participated in the survey, out of which

over 80% were female and most belonged to the 18-30 age range. Surprisingly,

there were quite a few participants belonging to the 30+ age group. Even

though the sample might seem too small to be relevant, the results of the

research will show whether any of the findings are relevant and whether they

can be generalized to the population of B&H.

The hypothesis that is posed is that use of cannabis will negatively

influence academic achievement. Through various demographic information,

social circumstances, use of other substances, frequency of use of cannabis, as

well as reported academic achievement, arguments will be inquired upon, both

in favour of the hypothesis and against. After a brief introduction into the topic,

as well as some relevant research, this paper will analyze how different age

groups use or do not use cannabis, it will show relationships between

social/educational status and frequency of cannabis use, and most importantly,

it will explore the effects that cannabis use has on academic achievement, or
more specifically, mean Grade Point Average of the participants throughout

their education.

Table of Contents

Introduction 4

Research Question 4

Literature Review 4

Hypothesis 7

Methodology 8

Participants 8

Instrument 8

Procedure 9

Results 10

Discussion 17

Conclusion 20

References 22

Appendix 23

1. Bar Chart 23
 2. Survey24

3. Raw data 28

Introduction

Research Question: Does consumation of cannabis aff ect

academic achievement in the population of Bosnia and

Herzegovina?

Literature Review:

The term Cannabis, refers to numerous psychoactive forms of the plant

called Cannabis Sativa, with the main psychoactive molecule being THC

(tetrahydrocannabinol) (WHO, n.d.). Cannabis is currently an illicit substance in

most countries in the world. Compared to other ilicit drugs, it is by far the most

popular, with cca 147 million consumers spread all over the world (estimate by

World Health Organisation). Unlike most other illicit substances, aside from

having negative, it also have positive influences on consumers. The negative

effects include (among others): impairment of certain cognitive functions, such

as memory and attention, impairment of learning abilities, impairment of

psychomotor abilities,as well as damage to the respiratory system (in chronic

users and only if smoked) (WHO, n.d.). On the other hand, in recent years the

therapeutic aspects of cannabis have been thoroughly investigated, and it has

been concluded that it aleviates symptoms of nausea in illneses such as cancer

or AIDS, it can be used for treatement of asthma and glaucoma, as an

antidepressant and anti-convulsant, as well as an appetite stimulator (idem.).

Even though cannabis has been widely studied for its benefitial and

adverse affects on biological and psychological health, there have not been a

large amount of studies which investigate the relationship between

consumation of cannabis and academic achievement. Nevertheless, there have

been a few significant ones, and they do not all have the same conclusions.

Lynskey et al. (2002) conducted a longidutinal study in regard to a similar

issue. They investigated the effect of weekly cannabis use on high-school

completion and their sample included 1601 male and female students at ages

15-18 and then again at age 21. The study concluded that cannabis use at an

early age can be linked to leaving school, in a way that it increases the risk that

students will not finish high school. They also discovered that this risk

decreases with the age at which consumation began.

On the other hand, Bryant et al. (2003) collected self report data on

substance use (alcohol, tobacco, cannabis) in ages 14-20. They did biannual

surveys in a nationally representative sample. They posited that it is a matter

of question whether substance use adversly affects academic achievement or

whether low academic achievement prompty higher substance use. They

concluded that misbehavior in school and peer pressure were positively

correlated to substance use at an early age, and with higher levels of

substance use, the students effort and interest in school, as well as academic
achievement, suffered. Several figures were included in their paper, including a

diagram depicting the relationships between academic achievement, social

factors and concurrent substance use and a graph showing the relationship

between cannabis use in students with low academic achievement and those

with higher achievement. Both of the figures can be seen on the next page.
Figure 1.1 Diagram of relationship between academic achievement, social

factors and substance use

Figure 1.2 Graph displaying relationship between low/high academic

achievement and use of cannabis.

The graph above shows a difference between level of consumption, as

well as increase in consumption in students with both low and high levels of

academic achievement. There is a difference, but it is not a very big difference.

Fergusson, Horwood and Beautrais (2003) conducted a 25-year long

longitudinal study in New Zealand, on a sample of 1265 children. They

measured frequency of cannabis use between the ages of 15 and 25, academic

achievement at 25, as well as prior social and individual characteristics. Like

Lynskey(2002), their findigs showed that increased cannabis use can be

associated with a higher risk of leaving school and a lower motivation to finish

higher education. Unlike Bryant et al. posited, they found no reverse causal
relationship, with no evidence supporting the claim that lower academic

achievement leads to increased cannabis use (or substance use). However,

they did argue that it was probable that the causal relationship which they

found was more due to social context, rather than direct biological or

psychological effects of cannabis.

Hypothesis: Consummation of cannabis will adversly affect academic

achievement in the population of Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Methodology

Participants: The sample consisted of 49 male and female citizents of B&H,

including 41 female, 7 male and 1 undisclosed participant. The participants

belonged to several age groups, ranging from 14 years old to 30+, which

means that the sample covered representatives from most generations of B&H

citizens. Most of the participants belonged to the 18-24 age group (42,9% of

the participants). The sampling method that was used was a mixture of random

and convenience sampling. However, it has to be noted that sampling was

limited to Facebook users over 14 years of age who can understand English
well enough to fill out the survey, because of that this cannot be called a

representative sample of the larger population. Nevertheless, as it will be

elaborated below, it did provide interesting results.

Instrument: In order to conduct the research, a survey was made in Google

Forms and distributed on Facebook. The reasons for using a survey is that self-

report methods have been used oftenly in similar research, it is quite

convenient as it can be conducted online and it is simple for participants to fill

out, which means that it allows for a higher number of participants.

Furthermore, as surveys are a quantitative research method, they are quite

simple to analyze (compared to qualitative research), they are not very time-

consuming which allows more time for analyzing the data. The survey

consisted of 15 questions regarding demographics, cannabis use, use of other

substances, as well as academic achievement. The questions were a mixture of

multiple choice, scales and short answer questions, which kept this survey

simple for the participants to understand and fill out.

Procedure: As mentioned above, the survey covered various areas, which

allowed for the hypothesis to be tested and factors other than cannabis use to

be taken into consideration. Since the instrument that was used was an online

survey, it was quite simple to distribute the survey among the participants. The

survey was posted online on Facebook, with the privacy settings set on public,
so that anyone can access it. The survey was not distributed in any other way

than the aforementioned.

Results

1. Consumation of Cannabis
 Have you ever consumed cannabis in any way?

Yes No
41%

59%

Figure 2.1 Pie chart displaying percentages of participants that have consumed
cannabis at least once

Based on the pie chart above, it is obivious that a majority of our participants

have consumed cannabis at least once in their life in any form. Considering the

fact that there are 49 participants, and that they span across multiple age

groups, this finding could possibly be applied to people from B&H who are

fluent in English and own a Facebook account. Considering that over 80% of the

participants were female, gender will not be taken into consideration in this

matter.

2. Frequency of Cannabis Use

 25.00%

20%
20.00%
17%

15.00% 13% 13% 13%

10%
10.00%
7%

5.00% 3% 3%

0.00%

How often have you consumed cannabis until today?

Figure 2.2 Bar chart showing frequency of use in percentage of participants

This bar chart shows, in percentages, the frequency of use by the participants

who answered Yes to whether they consumed cannabis at least once. Several

findings can be made from this chart. First, the most prominent data is the fact

that 20% of our participants have consumed cannabis less than 5 times and

16.7 % less than 15 times. However, frequent use also showed quite high

percentages with more than 30 times, monthly, weekly and daily having more

than 10% each. Secondly, a fairly low percentage of the participants admitted

to consuming cannabis only once in their life, just under 7%. The overall

impression that one can get from this chart is that there are quite a few regular

users among the 59% of participants who consume cannabis.

 Age and use of cannabis

30+

25-30

Age groups Yes No

18-24

14-17

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14

No. of participants

[Link] Between Age and Use of Cannabis

Figure 2.3 Horizontal bar chart displaying the use of cannabis among different
age groups

The actual relationship between age and use of cannabis is quite difficult to

investigate. However, this bar chart gives a basic overview of how many

participants from each given age group consume cannabis. It can be seen that

the group with most users is the 18-24 age group. Nevertheless, surprisingly,

there are quite a few users in both the 25-30 and 30+ age groups. These

results also may be a product of the fact that the 18-24 and 30+ age groups

had the most participants. Because of this, it is important to focus on the ratios

between the answers in specific age groups. Taking this into consideration, it

can be said that the 18-24 and 25-30 age groups have the biggest differences

in number of Yes and No answers, thus it could be stipulated that these age
groups have roughly more users of cannabis than the other two. Furthermore,

the 14-17 age group is the only one with more No answers, which most

probably means that there is less of a prevalence of cannabis use within this

group.

[Link] Between Frequency of Use and Academic

Achievement

Highest academic achievement

High University Other
school graduate (MSc, Technical
graduate schools)
Only one time 1 1 0

Less than 5 1 5 0
Frequency of use

times
Less than 15 2 3 0
times
Less than 30 1 0 0
times
More than 30 1 2 1
times
Monthly 3 0 0

Weekly 4 0 0

Daily 2 2 0

Dont know 1 0 0
exactly
Total 16 13 1
Figure 3.1 Table displaying the relationship between frequency of use and
highest academic achievement (in number of participants)

The table above shows us the basic relationship between how often

participants consumed cannabis and their highest academic achievement.

From the row in the bottom, it can be seen that high school education has the
highest number of participants. However, University education is not far

behind, with only 3 participants less. It also has to be taken into consideration

that some of the participants listed under high school education are university

students. Considering frequency of use, it would seem that those who finished

only high school (or are still studying), mostly use cannabis on a regular basis

(monthly, weekly, daily), while those who have finished their university

education have only 2 regular users, while most participants have used

cannabis less than 15 times

5. Socio-economic Status and Use of Cannabis

Have you ever consumed cannabis in any way?

Yes No Total

High school student 2 3 5

Status

University student 11 9 20

Employed 15 7 22

Unemployed 2 0 2

Total 30 19 49

Figure 3.2 Table showing relationship between current status and consumation
of cannabis

This table gives us an insight into which educational/socio-economic group our

participants belong to and how many members of those groups consume

cannabis. As mentioned before, it is evident that a majority of all the

participants consume cannabis (30 out of 49 participants). It is notable that 15

participants who consume cannabis are employed, while 11 of them are

university students. Surprisingly, only 2 high school students answered yes to

this question. Taking that into consideration, if we include this finding into the

findings of Figure 3.1 on the previous page, it can be observed that most of the

participants who use cannabis on a regular basis (monthly, weekly or daily)

have only finished high school education, while those who used it occasionally

have mostly finished university education. Nevertheless, as the next figure

(Figure 3.3) will demonstrate, even those who are only high school graduates

still have the ambition to go to university and get a higher education.

6. Ambition for Higher Education

What is your highest academic achievement?

Elementary High Universit
ambition to go to
Do you have the

school school y Total

university?

graduate graduate graduate

Yes 3 12 2 17

No 0 0 0 0

Figure 3.3 Table showing ambitions for higher education from elementary
school, high school, as well as university graduates.

As mentioned above, even though most of our regular user participants are

only high school graduates, their ambitions surpass their current degree. As

can be seen in this table, not one participant answered No to this question. It
has to be taken into consideration that only 17 out of 49 participants answered

this question. Out of those 17, there are 12 with a high school degree with

ambition to go to university, which is three quarters of the participants from

that particular group (there are a total of 16 participants who are high school

graduates and use cannabis). Thus, it can be said that roughly 75% of our

participants who are high school graduates have not lost their academic

ambition due to use of cannabis. It is quite possible that they did not go to

university because of other factors, such as low economic status, financial

problems or the pressure to provide for a family by being employed.

Furthermore, there are a few high school graduates who answered yes to this

question but are already university students, which gives a confusing image.

This is probably due to the fact that they did not understand what kind of

answer they needed to give for certain questions.

7. Regular Use of Cannabis and average GPA (Grade Point Average)

Level of education average GPA

(High school GPA from 1-5, University
Frequency of use

GPA from 5-10)

Regular use High school University
(monthly,
4,62 8,7
weekly or daily)
Occasional use
(less than 30 4,46 8
times)

Non-users 4,83 8,6

Figure 3.4 Table displaying the mean Grade Point Average in high school and
university of regular and occasional users of cannabis, as well as non-users
Even though there are more university graduates within the occasional users

group, the table above shows us the most compelling finding regarding this

topic, and that is that regular users of cannabis actually had slightly higher

average GPAs in both high school and university. Of course, one must take into

consideration the fact that there were more participants within the occasional

use group. Nevertheless, the mean GPAs show higher grades within the regular

users group. This could be due to the fact that regular users (especially daily

users) can develop a tolerance for this substance, which would mean that it

affects them less than occasional users. Furthermore, the non-user group

displays highest high school GPAs, but not the highest university grades. This

could demonstrate that use of cannabis has a higher impact on academic

achievement in adolescent years, while it has less influence in adult years.

Discussion

There are several conclusions and relationships to be drawn from this

research. First of all, the fact that 59% of the participants reported consuming

cannabis at least once in their life demonstrates just how widespread usage of

cannabis is, even in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Of course, this is not to say that

this finding is applicable to the general population of B&H, as a sample of 49

participants is not enough to make general conclusions about cca 3.5 million

people. Furthermore, since the survey was published only on Facebook and put

on public, it is possible that some of the participants were not from Bosnia,

which further adds to the fact that this finding cannot be generalized. If further

research is to be done, it would have to include a far greater number of

participants, as well as additional demographic questions, as well as more

questions specific to the topic. However, regardless of the relatively small

sample, this research has produced some interesting (and perhaps even

surprising) results regarding certain points.

Secondly, the results have shown that rougly 36% of the participants who

reported having consumed cannabis, are regular users of this substance, on

either a monthly, weekly or daily basis. Additionally, another cca 13% of those

participants reported using cannabis more than 30 times during their lives. Still,

in order to prove or disprove the hypothesis, other factors have to be taken into

consideration as well, such as age, level of education, present status, academic

achievement and use of other substances. Regarding age, results have shown

that use of cannabis is prevalent among all age groups except 14-17 year olds.

It is not very surprising that this age group has shown such results, considering

the fact that the least number of participants belonged to this group. In order

to obtain more reliable results, more participants from this age group would be

needed.

As far as level of education is concerned, those who belong to the

abovementioned age group, that is those who are currently high school
students, have reported the lowest prevalence of cannabis use, while usage is

much higher in university students and those who are employed. Furthermore,

an interesting fact is that, even though there were only two participants who

reported being unemployed, both of them said that they have used cannabis

previously, with one of them being a monthly user. Moreover, high school

graduates lean more towards regular use of cannabis, while university

graduates lean towards occasional use. Despite this fact, the mean Grade Point

Averages of the regular users was higher in both high school and university

education, compared to those who report being occasional users. Nevertheless,

in order to gain a clearer picture, these two groups had to be compared to

those that claimed not to have consumed cannabis at all. When the results are

compared, it can be seen that non-users had better GPAs during high school

education, but had slightly lower GPAs during university, compared to regular

users. It can be argued from this that regular cannabis use may indeed

influence academic achievement negatively during adolescence, which is

congruent with the findings in the studies mentioned in the introduction. On the

other hand, mean GPAs during university education have shown no significant

link to consumation of cannabis.

Lastly, the factor of use of other substances needs to be taken into

consideration, as abuse of certain substances such as alcohol, prescription pills

or cocaine can significantly affect cognitive development and thus academic

achievement. Regarding the results of this research, almost 92% of participants

reported using alcohol, a surprising 20,4% reported using prescription pills, and
almost 26% of participants reported using at least one of the following: speed,

cocaine, LSD and ecstasy (reffer to Figure 4.1 in the appendix). When asked

how often they consume any of the mentioned substances, 33% answered with

very rarely and 44% with sometimes. Nevertheless, almost 18% of the

participants answered with either any time I get the chance, every month

or every week. Moreover, the participants who reported using cannabis have

also reported higher levels of use of other substances, while those who use

other substances very rarely were mostly non-users (with a few exceptions).

Taking all of this into consideration, it is very difficult to see a clear correlation

between use of cannabis and its effects on academic achievement. It cannot be

definitively said that it has either beneficial or adverse consequences, since

there is not enough data to make such conclusions. Thus, the hypothesis

Consummation of cannabis will adversly affect academic achievement in the

population of Bosnia and Herzegovina can be disproved by the fact that there

is no sufficient evidence within this research to support it, in fact, some of the

findings from the research completely contradict it.

Conclusion

As mentioned in the beginning, cannabis is one of the most widely used

illicit drugs globally (WHO, n.d). With more users each year, scientists are

constantly investigating all the adverse and positive effects of cannabis on the

mind and body. Nevertheless, with such a wide area to study, there were not

too many studies done regarding this specific topic (at least from those that

were published). Lynskey et al (2002), Bryant et al. (2003) and Fergusson,

Horwood & Beautrais (2003) conducted studies on this topic and with minor

differences, they mostly all concluded that increased use of cannabis in

adolescent years leads to a deterioration in academic achievement, as well as

a higher risk of dropping out of school. However, both Fergusson, Horwod &

Beautrais (2003) and Lynskey (2000) (in another paper) suppose that the link

between low academic achievement and increased use of cannabis might be

more due to social context rather than actual direct effects of cannabis,

whether acute or chronic.

These findings are partly congruent with the results of this research, as

they did show that cannabis use in adolescence can affect GPA. However, they

did not show that there is a higher risk of dropping out from school, as all of our

participants (aside from the current high school students) have completed their

high school education and have reported an ambition to go to university. The

fact that they did not yet obtain a university degree can be atributted to the
fact that some of those participants are currently university students, as well as

other factors such as financial issues, family pressure to be employed or low

socio-economic standing. Furthermore, this research displayed no clear

correlation between use of cannabis, as well as other substances (both legal

and illicit), and academic achievement, thus disproving the original hypothesis.

Nevertheless, these findings were obtained from a relatively small sample of 49

people, from which one cannot apply the obtained results onto the general

population of B&H. In sum, this research topic could be used as a starting point

for a larger, more comprehensive study regarding effects of cannabis use on

academic achievement in B&H. Furthermore, even though some findings were

surprising, nothing conclusive can be drawn from them, mostly because the

sample is limited to a very small portion of the population with specific

characteristics.
References

1. Bryant et al. (2003) How academic achievement, attitudes and behaviors

relate to the course of substance use during adolescence: a 6-year,
multiwave national longitudinal study. Journal of Research on
Adolescence, 13(3) p. 361-397. Available at:
[Link]
Last accessed 10th June 2015

2. Fergusson, D.M., Horwood, L.J. & Beautrais, A.L. (2003) Cannabis and
educational achievement. Society for the Study of Addiction to Alcohol
and Other Drugs. Addiction, 98, p. 1681-1692. Available at:
[Link]
0443.2003.00573.x?
r3_referer=wol&tracking_action=preview_click&show_checkout=1&purch
ase_referrer=[Link]&purchase_site_license=LICENSE_DE
NIED
Last accessed 11th June 2015

3. Lynskey et al. (2002) A longitudinal study of the effects of adolescent

cannabis use on high school completion. Society for the Study of
Addiction to Alcohol and Other Drugs. Addiction, 98, p. 685-692. Available
at: [Link]
0443.2003.00356.x?
r3_referer=wol&tracking_action=preview_click&show_checkout=1&purch
ase_referrer=[Link]&purchase_site_license=LICENSE_DE
NIED
Last accessed 12th June 2015
 4. Lynskey, Michael, Hall & Wayne (2000) The effects of adolescent
cannabis use on educational attainment: a review. Society for the Study
of Addiction to Alcohol and Other Drugs. Addiction, 95, 11(1), p. 1621-
1630. Available at:
[Link]
00011/art00003
Last accessed 11th June 2015

5. World Health Organization (n.d.) Cannabis. Available at:

[Link]
Last accessed 10th June 2015

Appendix
1.

100.00%
91.80%
90.00%
80.00%
70.00% 63.30%
60.00%
50.00%
40.00%
30.00%
20.40%
20.00%
10.20% 8.20%
10.00% 6.10% 8.20%
2.00%
0.00%
0.00% 0.00%

Have you ever consumed any of the following substances (at least once)?

Bar Chart
Figure 4.1 Bar Chart displaying use of various substances by participants
 [Link]

Effects of Cannabis Use on Academic Success

Dear Participant,

This survey was made as part of an academic research with the goal of investigating
whether consummation of cannabis in any form affects academic achievement in either a
positive or negative way. Other variables such as gender, use of other illicit substances, and
use of alcohol and tobacco will also be taken into consideration. I kindly ask you to read the
questions carefully and answer as honestly as possible.

Participation is completely voluntary and anonymous. The gathered data will be used only
for the purposes of this research and personal academic advancement. You are free to
discontinue your participation at any time should you feel uncomfortable in any way.

Thank you for your participation!

*Questions marked with a star are mandatory for every participant.*

* Required

1. What is your gender? *

o I don't want to disclose that information

o Female

o Male

2. What is your age group? *

o 14-17

o 18-24

o 25-30

o 30 +

3. Are you a: *
Please choose your current status
 o High School Student

o University Student

o Employed

o Unemployed

4. Have you ever consumed cannabis in any way? *

(If you marked No, continue to question 9.)

o Yes

o No

5. At what age did you first try cannabis?

(Please write your answer)

6. How often have you consumed cannabis until today?

o Only one time

o Not more than 5 times

o Not more than 15 times

o Not more than 30 times

o More than 30 times

o On a monthly basis

o On a weekly basis

o On a daily basis

o I don't know exactly

7. In what setting did you consume cannabis?

(Check all boxes that apply)

o Friend(s) introduced me to it

o Someone offered

o Peer pressure

o At a party

o I bought it myself

o Other:

8. On a scale of 1-10 please choose how much you enjoyed

consuming cannabis:
(Only answer this question if your answer to question 4. was "Yes")

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

It was not enjoyable at I enjoyed it very

all much

9. Have you ever consumed any of the following substances (at

least once)? *

(Check all boxes that apply)

o Alcohol

o Tobacco

o Prescription pills (for depression or concentration)

o Cocaine
 o Speed

o Heroin

o LSD

o Crystal Meth

o Ecstasy

o None of the above

o Other:

10. Please choose how often you consume any of the substances
from the previous question:
(Only answer this question if you did not check the answer "none of the
above" in the previous question)

o Very rarely

o Sometimes

o Only at parties

o Any time I get the chance

o Every month

o Every week

11. What is your highest academic achievement?

(Only applies to academic education you have successfully finished)

o Elementary School graduate

o High School graduate

o University Graduate

o Other:

12. What was your GPA (grade point average) in school? *

(Only answer this question if you have finished school) 1-5 for elementary and
high school. 5-10 for university

13. What is your current GPA (grade point average) in school?

(Only answer this question if you are still a student) 1-5 for elementary and
high school. 5-10 for university

14. Do you have the ambition to go to University?

(Only answer if you are currently a High School student)

o Yes

o No

o I still haven't decided

15. Do you think that cannabis has affected your academic

achievement in any way?
(Only answer if you consume cannabis more than once a month)

o Yes, positively

o Yes, negatively

o No, I don't think so

o Other:
[Link] Data
6/2015 [Link] 5/25/2015 [Link] 5/28/2015 [Link] 5/26/2015 [Link] Timestamp

Female Male Female Female 1. What is your gender?

30 + 18-24 18-24 25-30 2. What is your age group?

Employed University Student Unemployed Employed 3. Are you a:

No No Yes way?
Yes 4. Have you ever consumed cannabis in any

15 5. At what age did you first try cannabis?

On a monthly basis Not more until

than 5today?
times 6. How often have you consumed cannabis

bought it myself, Friend(s) At a party,

Friend(s)
Someone
introduced
offered,
meI to it At a party, Someone offered,
cannabis? 7. In what setting did you consume

much10you enjoyed consuming cannabis:6 8. On a scale of 1-10 please choose how

Alcohol, Tobacco (for depression or concentration),

Alcohol, Tobacco Alcohol, Tobacco, Prescription pillsfollowing substances (at leastAlcohol
once)? 9. Have you ever consumed any of the

I get the chance Any time I get the chance Any time I get the
anychance
of the substancesAny
from
time
the
I get
previous
the chance 10. Please choose how often you consume

iversity Graduate High School graduate High School graduate University Graduate
achievement? 11. What is your highest academic

8 5 4 8 12. What was your GPA (grade point average)

8.8 average) in school?

9 13. What is your current GPA (grade point

Yes Yes University? 14. Do you have the ambition to go to

o, I don't think so No, I don't

yourthink
academic
so achievementNo,
in any
I don't
way?think so 15. Do you think that cannabis has affected