3

GOVERNMENT OF ANDHRA PRADESH

IRRIGATION AND CAD DEPARTMENT

NAME OF WORK: Modernization Krishna Delta System

-Guntur District-Drainage Modernization of
Repalle Main Drain from K.M 28.800 to
K.M 50.624 and Battiprolu Main Drain
from K.M 40.000 to K.M 47.000 Including its
Medium & Minor Drains.

PACKAGE NO:- 28 /KDS/G/09-10

DESIGN & DRAWING OF

DOUBLE LANE ROAD BRIDGE AT KM. 1.70
ON DANTHULURUCODU DRAIN

[Link] Ltd
HYDERABAD
 3

DESIGN OF DL BRIDGE AT KM.0.07 ON RAVIKAMPADU AFFLUENT

Hydraulic Particulars of the drain at the Point of crossing:-
1 Cathment Area = 18.83 [Link]
2 M F L Discharge = 23.05 cumecs
3 Bed width = 9.20 m
4 Max. Flood Depth = 2.30 m
5 Side slope = 1.5 :1
6 Surface fall = 1 in 5280
7 Coeff. Of rugosity = 0.0250
8 velocity = 0.787 m/sec
9 Drain Bed level = + 4.100 m
10 Ordinary Flood level = + -
11 Max. Flood level = + 6.400 m
12 Top of bank level = + 7.400 m
13 Ground level = + 5.400 m
14 Existing Road level = + 7.000 m
15 Top width at M F L = 16.1 m

BRIDGE DATA
1 Formation level (RCL) = + 7.775 m
2 Clear span = 8.000 m
3 Overall span = 9.000 m
4 No. of spans = 5 No.
5 Clear width of road = 7.5 m
6 Overall Width of road = 8.45 m
7 No. of Piers = 4 No.s
8 No, of Abutments = 2 No.s
9 Type of Bridge = Double lane Road Bridge with 6.37 m
effective span Right Angle Deck Slab
without foot paths
Providing
Thickness of Wearing Coat = 0.075 m
Thickness of Deck Slab = 0.7 m
Thickness of Pier/Abutment Cap = 0.3 m
Minimum Vertical Clearance = 0.6 m
(i) Formation level = M.F.L + Minimum Vertical Clearance + Thickness of Deck slab + thickness
of wearing coat
= 6.400 + 0.6 + 0.7 + 0.075
= 7.775
(ii) Formation level = Existing Road level
= 7.000
Formation level shall be Maximum of (i) & (ii), i.e., 7.775 m
Hence provide formation level = 7.775 m
Level at bottom of slab = 7.775 - 0.075 - 0.7
= 7 m

Normal Area of drain cross section'A' =( 9.200 +( 2x 2 x 2.300 +

9.200 ))x 2.300 / 2
+( 16.100 + 0.000 + 0.000 +
16.1 )x 0.000 ) / 2
= 29.095 m2
Net water way allowing 4cm afflux = 25.195 m2
Clear Width at DBL = 10.95
Clear Width at MFL = 10.95
Providing 2 vents, Clear span of Each vent = 10.95 / 5
= 2.191 m say 5.85 m each
 4

W.C 0.075
RCL + 7.775

+ 7.000 0.7

1.00 1.00 1.00 m

6.850 6.850

5.850 5.850
+ 4.100 m

Afflux:

Normal area of flow = 29.095 m2

Total Area of Abstruction allowing 4cm afflux = 3.9 m2
Net water way allowing 4cm afflux = 25.195 m2
Normal Velocity = 0.787 m/sec
Velocity after obstruction = 0.9088 m/sec
Afflux as per Molesworth's formula :
( V+ 0.0152) ( A - 1 ) = 0.90882 + 0.0152 ) ( 29.095 - 1 )
17.85 a 17.85 25.195
= 0.021 m

SCO UR DEPT H CALCULAT I O NS F 0R DRAI N

Discharge = 23.050 cumecs.

Bed Width (= 29.250 mts.
M.F.L./ F.S.L. = + 6.400 m.
f ( silt factor ) = 1.000

Discharge per mtr. Width = Q/L = 0.788 cumecs / mt.

Scour depth = 1.35 * ( q / f ) ^ 0.33

= 1.154 mts.

Max. Scour Depth = 2.0 * d = 2.307 mts.

Max. Scour Level =+ 6.400 - 2.307

=+ 4.093 m. Say 4.100 m

Foundation level shall be minimum 2.000 m below D.B.L
Hence foundation level = 2.100 m
Provide foundation level at 2.100 m

Design of Deck Slab:

The design of deck slab of DLRB is not done as the MOST drawings are readily available

As the Effective Span for the present bridge is = 6.35 m, Hence RCC Soilid deck slab with 700mm
thick is proposedwith6.37m effective span
Hence the thickness of Deck slab = 0.7 m

Approach Slab:
150mm thick Approach Slab for length of 3.5m on either side of bridge in RCC M30 Grade over 300 thick
gravel base.
 3

DESIGN OF PIER
Longitudinal section of pier Cross section of pier
8.450 m
7.500 m

deck at centre + 6.605 m

0.075 + 6.530 m
0.720

+ 5.810 m
0.600 8.500 0.300 0.600 0.300 1.00 5.510 m
0.000 5.510 m
0.300 5.210 m
0.50 8.50 m 0.50 + 4.910 MFL
7.50 m 1.00
4.700 FSD
8.50 0.210 DBL
0.25 0.25 1.150 -0.940
0.850 -1.790
-1.790
9.00 m

Width of slab in the normal direction = 8.450 m

Carriageway width = 7.500 m
Width of slab in the skew direction = 8.450 m
Carriageway width in skew direction = 7.500 m
width of piercap = 1.000 m
Length of pier cap = 8.500 m
Depth of pier cap at edge = 0.300 m
Depth of pier cap at pier face = 0.300 m
Width of pier = 1.000 m
Length of pier = 7.500 m
Width of foundation = 0.000 m
Depth of raft foundation = 0.600 m
Total Length of span = 9.000 m
Length of clear span = 8.000 m
effective span ( c/c of supports) = 8.500 m

SECTIONAL PROPERTIES OF PIER:

1.000

0.500 7.50 0.500

Length of pier = 8.500 m

Area of cut and ease waters = 0.786 m2
Area of straight portion = 7.500 m2
Total cross section area = 8.286 m2
Equivalent length = 8.286 m

Modulus of section of pier at base ie at +-0.94 m

Area of pier at base = 8.286 x 1.000 = 8.286 m2
Zxx of pier at base (road way dir) = 1/6 x 8.286 x 1.000 2 = 1.381 m3
Zyy of pier at base (canal flow dir.) = 1/6 x 8.286 2
x 1.000 = 11.442 m3
M.I xx of pier at base (road way dir) = 1/12 x 8.286 x 1.000 3 = 0.690 m3
M.I yy of pier at base (canal flow dir.) = 1/12 x 8.286 3
x 1.000 = 47.403 m3
 4

LOADS COMING ON TO PIER :

a. Dead load:
1 Dead load from super structure (MOST for 9.37m spans without footpaths for normal direction) 154.78 t
2 Dead load from pier bed block(rectangular portion at top)
8.50 x 1.000 x 0.30 x 2.500 = 6.375 t
3 Weight of pier ( with semi circular cut and ease waters)
I Above pier base 8.286 x 6.450 x 2.5 = 133.607 t
ii Below FSL 8.286 x 5.850 x 2.5 = 121.179 t
4 Weight of pier with 15% buoyancy
133.61 -( 121.18 / 2.5 )x 0.15 = 126.34 t

b. Live load Reactions :

for class A train of vehicles (with 4 cases of loading positions):
Case : 1 2.7 2.7 11.4 11.4 6.8 6.8 0 0
4.700 1.100 3.200 1.200 4.300 3.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
8.500 m 0.500 8.500 m
Ra Rb
Case : 2
2.7 2.7 11.4 11.4 6.8 6.8 0 0
3.500 1.100 3.200 1.200 4.300 3.000 1.200 0.000 0.000
8.500 0.500 8.500
Ra Rb

Case : 3 0 2.7 11.4 11.4 6.8 6.8 6.8 0

0.000 0.300 3.200 1.200 4.300 3.000 3.000 2.500 0.000
8.500 0.500 8.500
Ra Rb
Case : 4
0 0 11.4 11.4 6.8 6.8 6.8 6.8
0.000 0.000 0.500 1.200 4.300 3.000 3.000 3.000 2.500
8.500 0.500 8.500 m
Ra Rb

for 70R loading (with 5 cases of loading positions)

Case : 1 17 17 17 17 12 0 0 t 80
1.370 3.050 1.370 2.130 0.580 0.000 0.000 m
8.500 0.500 8.500 m
Ra Rb

Case : 2 17 17 17 17 12 12 8
7.630 1.370 3.050 1.370 2.130 1.520 0.430 0.000
8.500 m 0.500 8.500 m
Ra Rb

Case : 3 17 17 17 17 12 12 8
4.580 1.370 3.050 1.370 2.130 1.520 3.480 0.000
8.500 0.500 8.500 m
Ra Rb
 5

Case : 4
17 17 17 17 12 12 8
3.210 1.370 3.050 1.370 2.130 1.520 3.960 0.890
8.500 0.500 8.500
Ra Rb

Case : 5 17 17 17 17 12 12 8
1.080 1.370 3.050 1.370 2.130 1.520 3.960 3.020
8.500 0.500 8.500
Ra Rb

One lanes of class A loading One lane of 70R loading

Case No. Ra Rb Ra+Rb Ra-Rb Case No. Ra Rb Ra+Rb Ra-Rb
Case: 1 3.335 23.591 26.926 20.255 Case: 1 0.000 45.659 45.659 45.659
Case: 2 13.034 15.720 28.754 2.686 Case: 2 15.260 39.420 54.680 24.160
Case: 3 11.093 13.200 24.293 2.107 Case: 3 21.060 43.232 64.292 22.172
Case: 4 7.751 13.200 20.951 5.449 Case: 4 30.840 33.678 64.518 2.838
Case: 5 31.800 24.696 56.496 7.104

Two lanes of class A loading One lane of 70R loading

Ra+ Rb max = 57.508 t Ra+ Rb max = 64.518 t
Ra - Rb min = 4.214 t Ra - Rb min = 2.838 t
Max. load in span = 72.8 t Max. load in span = 83 t
Max reaction Ra or Rb from one span = 47.181
Live load calculated in the design (with out impact) = 64.518 t
Live load as per MOST for 9.37 m effective span = 67.260 t

HORIZONTAL FORCES :

Tractive force or Braking force on pier due to class- A train of vehicles :

The Braking force for this loading is the maximum that is coming on the span
I.e., 83 t for one lane of class 70R loading
Braking force 83 x 1 x 20% /2 = 8.300 t
acting at 1.20 m above road level = 1.2+ 6.605 = 7.805 m
Change in vertical reaction due to braking force
= 8.300 ( 1.2 + 0.795 ) / 8.50 = 1.948 t
Moment at the base of pier = 8.300 x 6.750 = 56.025 t.m

Moment due to live load eccentricity :-

a) Eccentricity perpendicular to canal flow direction
(longitudinal) :-
Two lanes of class A Loading One lane of class 70R Loading
Distance of C.G of L .L from the edge of the kerb 0.15+0.5/2+1.8+0.5/2+1.2/2 1.2+0.425+0.15+0.85
0.475+0.15+0.25+1.8+0.6 3.275 m 2.625 m
Eccentricity of loads from the centre line of bridge 0.475 m 1.125 m
[Link] 57.508 t 64.518 t
Moment 27.316 t.m 72.582 t.m
Moment to be considered in the design 72.5824 tm

b) Transverse eccentricity :-
Moment due to Live load eccentricity
[Link] load = = 64.518 t
ecccentricity = 0.500 / 2 = 0.250 m
Moment = 67.260 x 0.250 = 16.815 t.m

Moment due to Dead load eccentricity :- ( for one span condition)

[Link] load = 154.780 / 2 = 77.390 t
ecccentricity = 0.500 / 2 = 0.250 m
Moment = 77.390 x 0.250 = 19.348 t.m
 6

Moment due to frictional resistance :-

Dead load from super structure = 154.780 t

friction force = x Rg
= 0.5 x 154.780
= 77.390 t
Right side bearing resistance (10 % variation from left side) = 0.9 x 77.390
= 69.651 t
Unbalanced force = 7.739 t
Moment due to frictional force at base of the pier = 7.739 x 6.750
= 52.238 tm

Wind Force ( Para 212.30 of IRC Bridge code )

Case-(I ) Wind force on deck slab: Pier and live load

Span 9.000 m
Exposed heights: deck (slab+girder) 0.795 Road level 6.605 m
kerb 0.225 FSL 4.910 m
railing 0.770 50 % openings CBL 0.210 m
1.790 m

Case- A: Wind force on deck slab. Pier

Canal empty condition
exposed Area Ht. above Pressure Force Leverarm Moment
height DBL at base of pier
Hand rails 0.770 3.465 7.005 79.528 0.276 8.155 2.247
deck incl kerbs 1.020 9.180 5.885 73.368 0.674 7.035 4.738
6.985 tm
Canal full condition
exposed Area Ht. above Pressure Force Leverarm Moment
height FSL at base of pier
Hand rails 0.770 3.465 2.305 53.830 0.187 8.155 1.521
deck incl kerbs 1.020 9.180 1.185 47.110 0.432 7.035 3.042
4.564 tm
Case- B Wind force on live load

Taking maximum length of vehicle permitted in one span, joint to joint = 20.300 m for class A loading
The max. force will be acting on 9.000 m length of truck. with 300 kg/ m run
acting at a height of 1.50m above the road level.I.e acting at 8.105 m
wind force = 9.000 x 300/1000 = 2.7 t
moment at the base of pier = 2.7 x 9.045 = 24.422 t.m
8.105--0.94=9.045

Case(a)+Case(b) : total moment due to wind force on super structure and live load.
For Canal full condition: For Canal empty condition:
Case -A Case - B Total Case -A Case - B Total
moment at the base pier = 4.564 24.422 28.985 t 6.985 24.422 31.407 t

case -(ii) :- but as per para 212.6 of [Link] code the wind force should not be , less than 450 Kg/m ie,

wind force = 9.000 x 450/1000 = 4.05 t

moment at the base pier = 4.05 x 6.750 = 27.34 t.m

With Live Load For Canal full condition: For Canal empty condition:
Max moment due to wind force at base of pier 28.99 t.m 31.41 t.m
 7

case(iii) :- 240 Kg/ m2. in considered.

as per clause 212.7 of I.R.C. Bridge code a wind force of 240 Kg/ m2. in considered.

wind force on hand rail= 240 x 0.385 x 9.000 / 1000 = 0.83 t

acting at 8.155 from top of the pier
wind force on deck= 240 x 1.020 x 9.000 / 1000 = 2.20 t
acting at 7.035 from top of the pier

moment at the base pier = 0.83 x 8.155 + 2.20 x 7.035 = 22.281 t.m

With out Live Load For Canal full condition: For Canal empty condition:
Max moment due to wind force at base of pier 28.99 t.m 31.41 t.m

Force due to water currents (para 213.2 of I.R.C )

Intensity of pressure due to water currents p=52 Kv

where K= 0.66 (for semi-circular) and 1.5 for flat surfaces
velocity in the canal under the bridge= = 1.270 m/s
[Link](V)= 1.414 x mean velocity = 1.414 x 1.270 = 1.796 m/s
[Link](V) = = 3.225 m/s
velocity at the canal bed level is considered as zero as the velocity in the canal is assumed as non silting and non scouring.

In the direction of canal flow :- In the direction of road way :-

Intensity of pressure at F.S.L:4.91m p=52 Kvcos20 = 103.996 kg/m p=52 kV sin 20 = 86.064 kg/m
Area 4.7 x 1 / 2 = 2.350 m 4.7 x 8.5 / 2 = 19.975 m
Total force on peir 244.391 kgs 1719.12 kgs
Force Leverarm Moment Force Leverarm Moment
moment at base of pier 0.244 4.283 1.047 tm 1.719 4.283 7.364 tm

Case (ii) :- The moment obtained in case (I) should not be less than the moments due to
net hydrostatic pressure with a diffference of 250 mm in water levels on oppposite faces
of the pier ( para 213.6 of I.R.C Bridge code ) Case (I) is considered even through
Case(ii) produces [Link] as the flow is regulated in the canal.

Abstract of loads

Direct loads :- without buoyancy with 15% buoyancy

Dead load from super structure 154.78 t 154.78 t

Dead load from pier bed block 6.38 t 6.38 t
Total Dead load on to pier 161.16 t 161.16 t
Weight of pier 133.61 t 126.34 t
live load 67.26 t 67.26 t
Change in ver. Reaction due to braking force 1.95 t 1.95 t
Total direct loads at base of piers 363.97 t 356.70 t

Tabulation of loads and moments at base of pier

Vertical loads Loads- t Moments- t.m

& moments Longitudinal Transverse
road way dir. canal flow dir.
Direct load without buoyancy 363.970
Direct load with buoyancy 356.699
Braking force 56.025
Effect of Liveload ecc 16.815 72.582
Frictional resistence 52.238
Water currents 7.364 1.047
Wind force in canal full cond. 28.985
Wind force in canal empty cond. 31.407
Dead load ecc(one span condition) 19.348
 8

Check for pier height:

Pier in water way dir Pier in road way dir
Height of pier = 5.81--0.94=6.75 h 6.750 6.750
Effective Height of pier = 1.2 x h heff 8.100 8.100
Moment of inertia I 47.403 0.690
Area A 8.286 8.286
Radius of gyration = ( I / A )1/2 r 2.392 0.289
Eff. Height/ Radius of gyration heff / r 3.386 28.059
< 50, hence short column < 50, hence short column

Stresses at the base of pier in t/m2 A= 8.286 m2 Zxx(road way dir)= 1.381 m3
Zyy(canal flow dir.)= 11.442 m3
Load Load Moment in Moment in Direct Bending Max Min Direct/Allow. stress
case. Load combination Road way Canal flow Stress Stress Stress Stress +
P ML MT P/A S M/Z P/A+M/Z P/A-M/Z Bending/[Link]
Service Condition
1 DL+LL 363.97 125.08 72.58 43.93 96.92 140.84 -52.99 0.187 <1
2 DL+LL+Buoy. 356.70 132.44 73.63 43.05 102.34 145.39 -59.29 0.192 <1
3 DL+LL+Wind 363.97 125.08 103.99 43.93 99.66 143.59 -55.73 0.190 <1
4 DL+LL+Buoy.+Wind 356.70 132.44 102.61 43.05 104.87 147.92 -61.82 0.195 <1
One span condition
5 DL+Buoy. 206.91 26.71 1.05 24.97 19.43 44.41 5.54 0.063 < 1
6 DL+Wind 214.18 19.35 22.28 25.85 15.96 41.81 9.89 0.061 < 1
7 DL+Buoy.+Wind 206.91 26.71 23.33 24.97 21.38 46.35 3.59 0.066 < 1

Max. stress (compression) = 147.92 '< allowable comp. Stress of concrete for M20 grade: 500 t/m2'
Min. stress (tension) = -61.82 '< allowable tensile. Stress of concrete for M20 grade: 70.5 t/m2'
Section is uncracked section as per provisions of IRC 21-2000 (WITH WIND LOAD)

Reinforcement
The main steel is provided as minimum steel as given below
As per IS-456, the min percentage of steel shall not be less than 0.8% of actual area
Case i) to resist the vertical loads including pier.
Total load = 363.97 t
Allowable direct stress for M20 = 500 t/m
Area to resist the direct load = 363.97 / 500 x 10000 = 7279 cm
Minimum steel = 0.8 x 7279 / 100 = 58.24 cm

Case ii) As per IRC - 21, 2000 the minimum steel shall not be in any case less than
0.3% of gross area
Minimum steel = 0.3 x 8.286 x 10000 / 100 = 248.57 cm

Case ii is requiring maximum steel Area of steel as per case ii is:

No of 20 f bars = 248.571 / 3.143 = 79.09 say 80 Nos
provide 20 f 80 Nos in allround = 251.43 cm

Transverse reinforcement :
As per clause 306.3.2 of IRC-21 the diameter of lateral ties works out to 8 mm minimum
As per clause 306.3.2 of IRC-21 the spacing of lateral ties works out to240 mm
However provide 10 f lateral ties at 240 mm c/c
 DESIGN OF ABUTMENT
VR
+ 6.605
+ 6.530 W7
+ 6.380
+ 5.810 W2
+ 5.510 W8 W1

MFL 6.400
W5
Density of soil : 2.10 t/m3 W9 2960
Density of concrete : 2.50 t/m3
Density of Rcc : 2.50 t/m3 W6 W4 W3
(As per IRC:6-2000) 0
750 500 500
Live load surcharge : 1.20 m 2.850 0.40 A

2.100 W12 B 0.75

1750

1) REACTION ON ABUTMENT;
Dead load : Length of abutment = = 9.61 m
As per MOST drawings dead load for 9.37m span = 50.91 t
Load on abutment as per MOST= 50.91 / 2 = 25.455 t
Load coming on to abutment per m length = 50.91 / 9.61 = 8.680 t/ m

Live load :
Live load maximum as considered for pier= 67.260 /2 = 33.6
Live on abutment as per MOST for 9.37m effective span = 62.6
consider Max. of the above two cases = 62.6
Impact factor = 4.5 = 4.5 = 0.310
6+L 6+ 8.50
As the impact factor reduces to zero at 3.00 m below bed block and 0.5 times the
factor at bottom of bed block, the above factor comes down to
= 0.310 x 0.34 = 0.018 on top of concrete
2 3.00
Live load including impact per m length = 62.590 x 1.018 = 6.628 t/m
9.61
Total load coming on abutment = 8.680 + 6.628 = 15.308 t/m
FOR SKEW ANGLE OF 30 DEG.= = 1.63 X 15.308 = 24.951 t/m
2) Force due to braking effect ;

20 % of max train load on span

The Braking force for this loading is the maximum that is coming on the span = 80.0 ( from pier design )
Braking force = ( 80 ) 20 /( 100 x 2 ) = 8.000 t
acting at 1.20 m above road level I.e.,
Force per running m = 8.000 / 9.61 = 0.832 t/m

3) Frictional force due to bearings

Force( from pier design ) = 0.5 x 83.400 = 41.700 t

Force per running m = 41.700 / 9.61 = 4.339 t/m
STRESS ON CONCRETE: ( Taking moments about 'A' )

[Link] Description Load LA Moment

in Tons in mts in T.m
1 VR : Vertical loads 24.951 0.250 6.238
2 W1 : Bed block 0.500 x 0.300 x 2.500 0.375 0.250 0.094
3 W2 : Dirt wall 0.500 x 1.095 x 2.500 1.369 0.750 1.027
4 W3 : 0.5 x 0.000 x 2.660 x 2.500 0.000 0.000 0.000
5 W4 : 0.500 x 2.660 x 2.500 3.325 0.250 0.831
6 W5 : 0.500 x 2.660 x 2.500 3.325 0.750 2.494
7 W6 : 0.5 x 0.750 x 2.660 x 2.500 2.494 1.250 3.117
8 W7 : 0.750 x 0.225 x 2.500 0.422 1.375 0.580
9 W8 : 0.750 x 0.870 x 2.100 1.370 1.375 1.884
10 W9 : 0.5 x 0.750 x 2.660 x 2.100 2.095 1.500 3.142
11 Pv : 0.0385 x ( 4.955 - 1.200 ) x 2.100 1.87 1.750 3.3
V= 41.594 22.68
12 Ph : 0.1337 x ( 4.955 - 1.200 ) x 2.100 6.49 1.577 (-) 10.23
13 Braking force 0.832 2.960 (-) 2.464
14 Frictional force 4.339 2.960 ( - ) 12.844
V= 11.661 M= -2.9

Lever arm = M/V = -2.9 / 41.594 = -0.069 m

Eccentricity = -0.069 - 1.750 /2 = 0.944 m
B/6 = 1.75 /6 = 0.292 m < 0.944 m Hence Tension

Max. Stress = ( 41.594 / 1.750

) x { 1 + (6 x 0.944 ) / 1.750 }
= 100.69 t/m2 ( Compression )
Min. Stress = ( 41.594 / 1.750
) x { 1 - (6 x 0.944 ) / 1.750 }
= -53.2 t/m2 ( Tension )
Design of stem

Max. stress (compre = 100.69 '< allowable comp. Stress of concrete for M20 grade: 500 t/m2'
Min. stress (tension) = -53.15 '< allowable tensile. Stress of concrete for M20 grade: 53 t/m2'
Section is cracked sectio as per provisions of IRC 21-2000 (WITH WIND LOAD)

Data
Grade of concrete : M 20
Stress in concrete := 70 kg/cm k = 0.259
Stress in steel = 2000 kg/cm j = 0.914
modular ratio = 10 R = 8.290

Moment and shear:

Load = 41.594 t
eccentricity = 0.944 m
Moment = 39.2606 tm
Shear/ Hor. Force = 11.661 t

Effective depth :
Eff. Depth required = 39.261 x 105 = 68.82 cm
8.290 x 100
using 20 f bars and clear cover of 75 mm
effective depth = 1.665 m

Reinforcement requirement:
Area of steel req 39.261 x 105 = 12.91 Cm
2000 x 0.914 x 166.50
Provide 20 f bars at 100 mm c/c Ast = 31.43 Cm
Min steel = 0.12 / 100 x 100 x 175 = 21.00 Cm
Minimum on each face = 21.00 / 2 = 10.50 Cm
Provide dist steel 16 f bars at 190 mm Ast = 10.59 Cm
Hence O.K.
Check for shear
One way shear: = 11.661 t
Percent of steel Pt = 100 x 31.43 /( 100 x 166.50 ) = 0.189 %
for Pt 0.189 % allowable shear stress in concrete = 1.86 Kg/cm
Shear strength = 1.86 x 100 x 166.50 /1000 = 30.886 t
Which is more than 11.661 t , design shear and hence safe
DESIGN OF CRACKED SECTION FOR ABUTMENT:
D= 1750 mm
Eccentricity, e= 0.944 m.
Eccentricity, e= 943.894 mm.
Ast Provided = 20 f bars at 100 mm c/c = 3139 mm2
Asc Provided= 16 f bars at 190 mm c/c = 1058 mm2
Eff. Cover, dt= 50 mm.

1.5m e= 0.000
modular ratio, mc= 13 N
m= 13 A
1m.
bottom width=depth 1750 mm.
Effective depth= 1700
B
width,b= 1000 mm. A x

Equatting the sum of internal forces to the External forces, 300

A
We get,

=> m(d-x) Ast - bx - (mc-1)Asc . (x-dc) = P ------ 1

x 2 x C'

Equatting the sum of internal moments about the centre of tensile steel to the Moment of pull,

bx(d-x/3) + (mc-1) Asc (x-dc) (d-dc) = P(e- D/2 + dt) ------ 2

2 x C'
Dividing the above two equations, (2/1), we get

=> 500 x( 1700 -x/3) +( 12692 (x- 50 ))1450/x = 143.89

69371900 /x - 40807 - 500 x - 12692 - 634611 /x

By Trial and error, x= 140.13 mm.

=> 70066.1 x 1653 + 1778587 - 634610.53 ) 12.13 = 143.89
4.95E+05 - 4.08E+04 - 70066 - 12692 - 4529
LHS, Equation value is,
=> 129717577.042683
3.67E+05
=> 354
Substituting 'x' in eq. 1, we have:
=> m(d-x) Ast - bx - (mc-1)Asc . (x-dc) = P ------ 1
x 2 x C'
P= 41.594 t
=> 454239.09 - 70066 - 8164 = 415943 /C'
=> C' = 1.11 N/mm2 -------Stress in concrete
(ii) Stress in tensile steel, t= m C' (d-x)/x = 160.08 N/mm2 < 190 N/mm2 (reinforcement provided is safe)

(iii) Stress in compressive steel, tc = m C' (x-dc)/x = 14.4 N/mm 2

 DESIGN OF RETURN WALL

8.675
900
7.775 W1

Grade of concrete : M15

Density of RCC : 2.5 t/m3
Density of Concrete : : 2.5 t/m3 W6
Density of Soil : 2.1 t/m3 W5 W3 5075
Live load : 1.2 m
Surcharge W4 W2

2.7 1075 325 500 325 1075

A W7
2.1 B 600
1150
3300

STRESS ON CONCRETE: ( Taking moments about 'A' )

Load Description Load-t L.A -m Moment-tm

W1 0.9 x 0.5 x 2.5 1.125 0.575 0.64688
W2 0.5 x 0.325 x 5.075 x 2.5 2.06172 0.93333 1.92427
W3 0.5 x 5.075 x 2.5 6.34375 0.575 3.64766
W4 0.5 x 0.325 x 5.075 x 2.5 2.06172 0.21667 0.44671
W5 0.5 x 0.325 x 5.075 x 2.1 1.73184 0.10833 0.18762
Pv 0.0385 x ( 6.275 - 1.2 )x 2.1 3.0671 0 0
Total Load 16.3911
Ph 0.1337 x ( 6.275 - 1.2 ) x 2.1 10.6512 2.1315 22.703
Total Moment 29.5561

Leverarm = 29.5561 / 16.39113 = 1.80318 m

Eccentricity = 0.575 - 1.803178 = 1.22818 m
B/6 = 1.15 /6 = 0.191667 m < 1.22818 m Tension

MAX. STRESS = 16.3911 x {1 + 6 x 1.22818 } = 105.586 t/m

1.15 1.15 ( Compression )
MIN STRESS = 16.3911 x {1 - 6 x 1.22818 } = -77.0795 t/m
1.15 1.15 ( Tension )
STRESS ON SOIL: ( Taking moments about 'B' )

Load Description Load-t L.A -m Moment-tm

W1 0.5 x 0.9 x 2.5 1.125 1.65 1.85625
W2 0.5 x 0.325 x 5.075 x 2.5 2.06172 2.00832 4.1406
W3 0.5 x 5.075 x 2.5 6.34375 1.65 10.4672
W4 0.5 x 0.325 x 5.075 x 2.5 2.06172 1.29167 2.66305
W5 0.5 x 0.325 x 5.075 x 2.1 1.73184 1.18333 2.04935
W6 1.075 x 5.075 x 2.1 11.4568 0.5375 6.15804
W7 3.3 x 0.6 x 2.5 4.95 1.65 8.1675
Pv 0.0385 x ( 6.875 - 1.2 )x 2.1 3.705 0 0
Total Load 33.4358
Ph 0.1337 x ( 6.875 - 1.2 ) x 2.1 12.8665 2.3835 30.6672
Total Moment 66.1692
Leverarm = 66.1692 / 33.43585 = 1.97899 m
Eccentricity = 1.65 - 1.978989 = 0.32899 m
B/6 = 3.3 /6 = 0.55 m > 0.32899 m Hence No Tension

MAX. STRESS = 33.4358 x {1 + 6 x 0.32899 } = 16.1927 t/m

3.3 3.3 ( Compression )
MIN STRESS = 33.4358 x {1 - 6 x 0.32899 } = 4.07145 t/m
3.3 3.3 ( Compression )
Design of stem

Max. stress (compressio = 105.59 '< allowable comp. Stress of concrete for M20 grade: 500 t/m2'
Min. stress (tension) = -77.08 '>allowable tensile. Stress of concrete for M20 grade: 53 t/m2'"
Section is cracked section as per provisions of IRC 21-2000 (WITHOUT WIND LOAD)

Data
Grade of concrete : M 20
Stress in concrete := 66.7 kg/cm k = 0.318
Stress in steel = 2000 kg/cm j = 0.894
modular ratio = 13.993 R = 9.486

Moment and shear:

Load = 16.391 t
eccentricity = 1.228 m
Moment = 20.13123 tm
Shear/ Hor. Force = 10.651 t

Effective depth :
Eff. Depth required = 20.131 x 105 = 46.068 cm
9.486 x 100
using 16 f bars and clear cover of 75 mm
effective depth = 1.067 m

Reinforcement requirement:
Area of steel req 20.131 x 105 = 10.55 Cm
2000 0.894 106.70
Provide 20 f bars 240 mm c/c Ast = 13.10 Cm
Min steel = 0.12 / 100 x 100 x 106.70 = 12.80 Cm
Provide dist steel 12 f bars at 180 mm c/c Ast = 6.29 Cm

Check for shear

One way shear: = 10.651 t
Percent of steel Pt = 100 x 13.10 /( 100 x 106.70 ) = 0.123 %
for Pt 0.123 % allowable shear stress in concrete = 1.69 Kg/cm
Shear strength = 1.69 x 100 x 106.70 /1000 = 18.042 t
Which is more than 10.651 t , design shear and hence safe

Design of heel and toe

Stresses at corners: 1.08 1.15 1.08

Stress at A: end of heel 4.071 t/m Heel:A B C D:Toe

Stress at D: end of Toe 16.193 t/m 0.60
From Stress trepezoid 3.30
Stress at B: junction of heel with stem 8.020 t/m
Stress at C: junction of toe with stem 12.244 t/m 4.071 8.020
12.244 16.193
Total downward vertical load on heel
= 5.075 x 2.10 + 0.60 x 2.40 = 12.0975 t/m
Net down ward vertical load at end of heel = 12.0975 - 4.071 = 8.026 t/m
Net down ward vertical load at junction of heel with stem 12.0975 - 8.020 = 4.077 t/m
Total downward vertical load on heel
= 0.60 x 2.40 = 1.44 t/m
Net upward vertical load at end of toe = 16.193 - 1.440 = 14.753 t/m
Net upward vertical load at junction of toe with stem 12.244 - 1.440 = 10.804 t/m

using 16 f bars and clear cover of 75 mm

effective depth = 0.517 m
Stress at the distance 'd' from face of the pier = 6.121 t/m
Moment and shear:
Moment in heel 8.026 - 4.077 )1.075 2
x 1/ 3 +
4.077 x 1.08 2
/2= 3.877 tm

Shear in heel ( 1.075 - 0.517 )x 1.0 x 8.026 = 4.479 t

Moment in toe 14.753 - 10.804 )1.075 2

x 1/ 3 +
10.804 x 1.08 2
/2= 6.243 tm

Shear in toe ( 1.075 - 0.517 )x 1.0 x 14.753 = 8.232 t

Effective depth :
Eff. Depth required = 6.243 x 105 = 25.654 cm
9.486 x 100

Reinforcement requirement:
Area of steel req 6.243 x 105 = 6.75 Cm
2000 0.894 51.70
Provide 16 f bars at 220 mm c/c Ast = 9.14 Cm
Min steel = 0.12 / 100 x 100 x 51.70 = 6.20 Cm
Provide dist steel 12 f bars at 240 mm c/c Ast = 4.71 Cm

Check for shear

One way shear: = 8.232 t
Percent of steel Pt = 100 x 9.14 /( 100 x 51.70 ) = 0.177 %
for Pt 0.177 % allowable shear stress in concrete = 1.91 Kg/cm
Shear strength = 1.91 x 100 x 51.70 /1000 = 9.861 t
Which is more than 8.232 t , design shear and hence safe
DESIGN OF CRACKED SECTION:
D= 1400 mm
Eccentricity, e= 1.249 m.
Eccentricity, e= 1249 mm.
Ast Provided = = 20 f 150 mm c/c = 2092 mm2
Asc Provided= = 16 f 120 mm c/c = 1675 mm2
Eff. Cover, dt= 50 mm.

1.5m e= 0.00
modular ratio, mc= 13 N
m= 13 A
1m.
bottom width=depth 1400 mm.
Effective depth= 1350
B
width,b= 1000 mm. A x

Equatting the sum of internal forces to the External forces, 300

A
We get,

=> m(d-x) Ast - bx - (mc-1)Asc . (x-dc) = P ------ 1

x 2 x C'

bx(d-x/3) + (mc-1) Asc (x-dc) (d-dc) = P(e- D/2 + dt) ------ 2

2 x C'
Dividing the above two equations, (2/1), we get

=> 500 x( 1350 -x/3) +( 20096 (x- 50 ))1450/x = 624

36720450 /x - 27200 - 500 x - 20096 - 1004800 /x

By Trial and error, x= 129.89 mm.

=> 64943.2 x 1307 + 2610197 - 1004800 ) 10.39 = 624
2.83E+05 - 2.72E+04 - 64943 - 20096 - 7736
LHS, Equation value is,
=> 101547587.392822
1.63E+05
=> 624
Substituting 'x' in eq. 1, we have:
=> m(d-x) Ast - bx - (mc-1)Asc . (x-dc) = P ------ 1
x 2 x C'
P= 18.750 t
=> 255511.71 - 64943 - 12360 = 187500 /C'
=> C' = 1.05 N/mm2 -------Stress in concrete
(ii) Stress in tensile steel, t= m C' (d-x)/x = 128.49 N/mm2 < 190 N/mm2 (reinforcement provided is safe)
(iii) Stress in compressive steel, tc = m C' (x-dc)/x = 8.4 N/mm2
Design of Raft:
No. of Abutments = 2
No. Of piers = 4

(i) Max. moment from Abutment = 2.87 tm

Max. force from Abutment = 41.59 t

(ii) Max. moment from Pier = 132.44 tm

Max. force from Pier = 363.97 t

Equivalent length of Pier = = 8.29 m

Max. Moment from pier per metre = 132.44 = 15.98 tm

8.29

Max. Force from pier per metre = 363.97 = 43.93 t/m

8.29

41.594 t 43.927 t 0.000 t 41.594 t

2.866 15.98 0.00 2.866

tm tm tm tm
Abut Pier 0.900 Abut
3.154 3.154
t/m2
2.86 2.300
1.750 1.000
0.4 5.850 5.850 0.0 0.000 1.75 0.4

2.219 6.281 6.281 0.000 2.219

37.550

(iii). Self weight of Raft = 0.60 x 2.50 = 1.500 t/m

Weight of water displaced = 0.60 x 1.0 = 0.600 t/m

Net weight = 1.50 - 0.60 = 0.900 t/m

(iv). Wt. of soil acting on the projection of raft =

1 x 0.40 x 3.755 x 2.10 = 3.154 t

(v). Wt. of earth =

1 x 5.850 x 2.600 x 2.10 = 31.941 t

(vi). Wt. of water displaced =

1 x 5.850 x 2.60 x 1.00 = 15.210 t

Net wt. = 31.94 - 15.21 = 16.731 t

Wt. per metre run = 16.73 = 2.860 t/m

1 x 5.850

(vi). Wt. of water = 1 x 5.850 x 2.300 x 1.00 = 13.455 t

 Wt. per metre run = 13.46 = 2.300 t/m
1 x 5.85
Total weight on soil underneath the raft =
2 x 41.594 + 4 x 43.927 + 0.900 x 37.550 +
2 x 3.154 + 5 x 5.850 x 2.860
+ 5 x 5.850 x 2.30 = 446.78 t
Stress on soil = 446.78 = 11.90 t/m2
37.550

Soil Reaction = 11.90 - 0.900 = 10.998 t/m2

C.G. of Load System = 3.154 x 0.0 x 0.4 +

2
41.594 x 2.219 + 2.866 + 5.16 x 5.850 x 5.075 +
43.927 x 8.500 + 15.984 + 5.16 x 5.85 x 11.925 +
41.594 x 14.781 - 2.866 + 3.154 x 0.0 x 16.800 +
0.900 x 37.550 x 18.775 = 2297.75 tm

x = 2297.75492 = 5.14 m
446.78

e = 37.550 - 5.14 = 13.632 m

2 = 13.632 m

Max. Stress= 446.78 x( 1 + 6 x 13.632 ) = 37.82 t/m2

37.550 37.550

Max. Stress= 446.78 x( 1 - 6 x 13.632 ) = -14.02 t/m2

37.550 37.550

Soil Reactions/Net stresses:

Max. = 37.82 - 0.900 = 36.92 t/m2

Min. = -14.02 - 0.900 = -14.92 t/m2

Abut Pier Abut

0.4 1.75 5.850 1.0 5.850 0.0 0.000 1.75 0.4

2.219 6.281 6.281 0.000 2.219

35.843

-14.02 -10.81 -1.73 7.36 7.36

16.44 37.82
25.52
 /m

t/m

t/m

t/m

t/m

t/m
t/m

t/m2

t/m2

t/m2

t/m2

t/m2

t/m2
Design of Raft:

Max. moment (hogging) = 25.65 tm

(at face of abutment)
Max. moment (hogging) = 35.48 tm
(at face of pier)
Max. Moment (Sagging) at centre = 16.3 tm

Max Shear Force at the centre of abutment base width = 23.81 t

Using M20 grade concrete :

Face in contact with water scbc = 70 kg/cm2
sst = 1900 kg/cm2
m = 13.333333
n = 0.3294118
j = 0.8901961
Q = 10.263437
= 58.795677 cm
Effective Depth Required = 35.48 x 10^5
10.263437 x 100

Using 32 bars:
Effective depth available = 75 - 7.5 - 1.6 = 65.9
58.79568 < 65.9 cm
O.K.
Ast Required = 25.65 x 10^5 = 23.01244 cm2
(at bottom of abutment) 1900 x 0.8901961 x 65.9
Providing 25 @ 150 = 32.70833
+ 0 @ 190 = 0
32.70833 > 23.01244
Hence OK
Ast Required = 35.48 x 10^5 = 31.831633 cm2
(at bottom of pier) 1900 x 0.8901961 x 65.9
Providing 25 @ 150 = 32.70833
32.70833 > 31.831633
Hence OK
Ast Required at centre = 16.3 x 10^5 = 14.62389 cm2
(at top) 1900 x 0.8901961 x 65.9
Providing 0 @ 400 = 0 cm2
+ 16 @ 120 = 16.74667 cm2 = 16.746667 cm2
16.74667 > 14.62389
Hence OK
Min. Reinforcement:
0.12 x 75 x 100 = 9.00 cm2
100
Providing 16 @ 180 = 11.16444 cm2
11.16444 > 9.00
Hence OK

Check for shear:

23.81 t
15.005

3.68 0.659 0.70

Max. shear force under the Abutment = 23.81 t

Shear force at Critical section i.e., at a distance 'd' from the face of Abutment = 15.005 t
Percent of steel Pt = 100 x 32.708333 /( 100 x 65.9 ) = 0.4963328 %
for Pt 0.4963328 % allowable shear stress in concrete = 2.99 Kg/cm
Shear strength = 2.9926657 x 100 x 65.9 /1000 = 19.721667 t
Which is more than 15.005 t , design shear and hence safe
Hence OK
 Design of Bed Block abutment ( Dirt wall)
50 cm
Vide IRC : 78- 1983 Cl. No. 716.2.1,
Reinforcement = 1% of cross sectional Area 79.5 cm
= 1% x 50 x 79.5
= 39.750 cm2
say 39.8 cm2
Steel at top, bottom & Sides = 39.8 = 19.9 cm2
i.e., Long Bars 2
No. of Tor 12 mm bars req = 19.9 = 17.595
1.131
or say 18.0 Nos
Provide 12 mm bars 3 Nos at top and
3 Nos at bottom
4 on each side
Steel in transverse direction = 19.9 cm 2

Volume of steel / Rmt = 19.9 x 100 = 1990 cm3

Length of each stirrup = 2 x 44.8 + 2 x 74.3
= 238.2 cm
Providing 12 mm dia bars
volume of each stirrup = 238.2 x 1.131 = 269.40 cm3
No. of stirrups = 1990 / 269.40 = 7.39
spacing of stirrups = 1000 / 7.39 = 135.376 mm
or say 130
Proivde 12 mm bars at 130 mm c/c

Design of Bed Block over abutment

100 cm
Vide IRC : 78- 1983 Cl. No. 716.2.1,
Reinforcement = 1% of cross sectional Area 30 cm
= 1% x 100 x 30
= 30.000 cm2
say 30 cm2
Steel at top & bottom = 30 = 15 cm2
i.e., Long Bars 2
No. of Tor 12 mm bars req = 15 = 13.263
1.131
or say 14.0 Nos
Provide 12 mm bars 7 Nos at top and
7 Nos at bottom
Steel in transverse direction = 15 cm 2

Volume of steel / Rmt = 15 x 100 = 1500 cm3

Length of each stirrup = 2 x 95 + 2 x 25
= 240 cm
Providing 10 mm dia bars
volume of each stirrup = 240 x 0.785 = 188.50 cm3
No. of stirrups = 1500 / 188.50 = 7.96
spacing of stirrups = 1000 / 7.96 = 125.664 mm
or say 120
Proivde 10 mm bars at 120 mm c/c
STRESS TABLE:

Stresses on concrete ( t/m2 ) Stresses on soil ( t/m2 )

SL. NO. Description
Maximum Minimum Maximum Minimum

1 Pier 147.92 -61.82 - -

2 Abutment 100.69 -53.15 - -

3 Under Raft - - 37.82 -14.02

4 Return 105.59 -77.08 16.19 4.07

 DESIGN OF FLYWING

6.530 0.50 3.50 6.530

0.60
Dirt 5.930
Wall

Bed block
5.810 0.500
5.430
5.510 Flywing

Abutment

height width
6.530 3.50 m 0.36 t/m

0.10 m
1.10 m

6.430 3.50 m
1.00
5.430 3.50 m 1.02 t/m

Earth pressure acting at the top of fly wing = Kagh

= 1/3 x 1.8 x 0.6 = 0.36 t/m
Earth pressure acting at the bottom of fly wing = Kagh
= 1/3 x 1.8 x ( 1.10 + 0.6 ) = 1.02 t/m
Average length for bottom 1.0m height of flywing
( 3.50 + 3.50 ) / 2 = 3.50 m
Moment = 1.02 x 3.50 2 /2 = 6.2475 tm

Design constants:

Grade of concrete = M 20
Stress in concrete := 70 kg/cm k = 0.259
Stress in steel = 2000 kg/cm j = 0.914
modular ratio = 10 R = 8.290

Effective depth required = 6.25 x 1E+05 = 27.45 cm

8.290 x 100

Provide overall depth of 50 cms

Effective depth provided using 20 mm dia bars

de = 50 - 4 - 1 = 45.00 cm
Reinforcement:
Area of steel required = 6.25 x 1E+05 = 8.32 cm
2000 x 0.914 x 41.11
Minimum steel as per Cl.305.19 0f IRC: 21-2000 0.12 %of area
= 0.12 x 100 x 45.00 = 5.40 cm
100
Spacing required= = 37.79 cm c/c
Main steel on road face
Provide 20 mm bars at 20 cm c/c : Area of steel provided = 15.7 cm
Main steel on other face
Provide 12 mm bars at 20 cm c/c : Area of steel provided = 5.66 cm
Distribution steel on both faces
Provide 10 mm bars at 20 cm c/c : Area of steel provided = 3.93 cm

Check for shear:

Shear force = 1.02 x 3.50 = 3.57 t

Shear stress = 3.57 x 1000 = 0.79 Kg/cm
100 45

Percent of steel Pt = 100xAs = 100 x 15.7 = 0.349 %

bxd 100 45
for Pt 0.349 % Shear strength of M20 concrete as per Table 12B of IRC:21-2000
2.200 +( 0.349 - 0.25 ) x ( 3 - 2.200 )= 2.52 Kg/cm
( 0.500 - 0.25 )
SAFE, No Shear reinforcement required
Vertical bending

Self weight of fly wing = 3.50 x 0.60 x 0.5 x 2.5 +

1/2 x 3.50 x 0.50 x 0.5 x 2.5 =
2.63 + 1.09 = 3.72 t
Moment = 2.63 x 3.50 /2+ 1.09 x 3.50 /3 = 5.870 tm

Effective depth required = 5.87 x 1E+05 = 39.67 cm

8.290 x 45

Available overall depth of 110 cms

Effective depth provided using 20 mm dia bars
de = 110 - 4 - 1 = 105.00 cm
Area of steel required = 5.87 x 1E+05 = 3.06 cm
2000 x 0.914 x 105.00
No of 20 mm dia bars required= 1 bars
No of 20 mm dia bars provided = 4 bars Ast 12.57 cm
The horizontal reinforcement is provided as below.

4 No of 12 mm dia bars at bottom

 15

DESIGN OF ABUTMENT
VR
+ 6.605
+ 6.530 W9 W6
+ 6.455
+ 5.810 W7
+ 5.510 W1

FSL 6.400
W8 W4
Density of soil : 2.10 t/m3 -222790
Density of concrete : 2.20 t/m3
Density of Rcc : 2.40 t/m3 W10 W5 W3 W2
Live load surcharge : 1.20 m 1000
400 1200 500 600 400
228.600 A

228.000 W11 B 600

3300
4100

1) REACTION ON ABUTMENT;
Dead load : Length of abutment = = 8.50 m
As calculated in pier design = 154.78 t
Load on abutment = 154.780 / 2 = 77.39 t
Load coming on to abutment per m length = 77.39 / 8.5 = 9.105 t/ m

Live load :
Live load maximum = 67.260 t
Impact factor = 4.5 = 4.5 = 0.310
6+L 6+ 8.50
As the impact factor reduces to zero at 3.00 m below bed block and 0.5 times the
factor at bottom of bed block, the above factor comes down to
= 0.310 x 226.09 = 11.694 on top of concrete
2 3.00
Live load including impact per m length = 67.260 x 12.694 = 100.449 t/m
8.50
Total load coming on abutment = 9.105 + 100.449 = 109.554 t/m

2) Force due to braking effect ;

20 % of max train load on span

The Braking force for this loading is the maximum that is coming on the span = 80 ( from pier design )
Braking force = ( 80 ) 20 /( 100 x 2 ) = 8.000 t
acting at 1.20 m above road level I.e.,
Force per running m = 8.000 / 8.50 = 0.941 t/m

3) Frictional force due to bearings

Force( from pier design ) = 0.5 x 154.78 / 2.000 = 38.70 t

Force per running m = 38.695 / 8.50 = 4.552 t/m
 16

STRESS ON CONCRETE: ( Taking moments about 'A' )

[Link] Description Load LA Moment

in Tons in mts in T.m
1 VR : Vertical loads 109.554 1.300 142.420
2 W1 : 0.600 x 0.300 x 2.400 0.432 1.300 0.562
3 W2 : 0.5 x 1.000 x -223.090 x 2.200 -245.399 0.667 -163.681
4 W3 : 0.600 x -223.090 x 2.200 -294.479 1.300 -382.822
5 W4 : 0.500 x -221.995 x 2.200 -244.195 1.850 -451.760
6 W5 : 0.5 x 1.200 x -222.145 x 2.200 -293.231 2.500 -733.079
7 W6 : 1.200 x 0.150 x 2.400 0.432 2.700 1.166
W7 1.200 x 1.020 x 2.100 2.570 2.700 6.940
8 W8 : 0.5 x 1.200 x -223.090 x 2.100 -281.093 2.900 -815.171
9 Pv : 0.0395 x ( -220.795 - 1.200 ) x 2.100 4043.73 3.300 13344.3
V= 2798.320 ###
10 Ph : 0.1584 x ( -220.795 - 1.200 ) x 2.100 16215.86 -93.238 (-) ###
11 Braking force 0.941 -222.790 ( - ) -209.685
12 Frictional force 4.552 -222.790 (-) ###
M= ###

Lever arm = M/V = ### / 2798.320 = 544.6503 m

Eccentricity = 544.6503 - 3.300 /2 = 543.000 m
B/6 = 3.30 /6 = 0.550 m < 543.000 m Hence Tension

Max. Stress = ( 2798.320 / 3.300

) x { 1 + (6 x 543.000 ) / 3.300 }
= ### t/m2 ( Compression )
Min. Stress = ( 2798.320 / 3.300
) x { 1 - (6 x 543.000 ) / 3.300 }
= ### t/m2 ( Tension )

STRESS ON SOIL: ( Taking moments about 'B' )

[Link] Description Load LA Moment

in Tons in mts in T.m
1 Item 1 to 8 same as on concrete ### ###
2 Item 1 to 8 same as on concrete ### 0.400 -498.163
3 W9 : 1 x 0.400 x 0.150 x 2.400 0.144 3.900 0.562
4 W10 : 1 x 0.400 x -222.145 x 2.100 -186.602 3.900 -727.747
5 W11 : 1 x 4.100 x 0.600 x 2.200 5.412 2.050 11.095
6 Pv : 0.0395 x ( -220.195 - 1.200 ) x 2.100 4021.78 4.100 16489.3
V= 2595.326 ###
7 Ph : 0.1584 x ( -220.195 - 1.200 ) x 2.100 16127.85 -92.986 (-) ###
8 Braking force 0.941 -222.190 ( - ) -209.120
9 Frictional force 4.552 -222.190 (-) ###
M= ###

Lever arm = M/V = 1513763 / 2595.326 = 583.2649 m

Eccentricity = 583.2649 - 4.100 /2 = 581.2149 m
B/6 = 4.100 /6 = 0.683 m < 581.2149 m Tension

Max. Stress = ( 2595.326 / 4.100

) x { 1 + (6 x 581.215 ) / 4.100 }
= ### t/m2 ( Compression )
Min. Stress = ( 2595.326 / 4.100
) x { 1 - (6 x 581.215 ) / 4.100 }
= ### t/m2 ( Tension )
 17

DESIGN OF WING WALL

7.505
900
6.605 W1

Grade of concrete : M15

Density of RCC : 2.4 t/m3
Density of Concrete : : 2.2 t/m3 W6
Density of Soil : 2.1 t/m3 W5 W3 -222995
Live load : 1.2 m
Surcharge W4 W2

229.600 400 1200 500 0 400

A W7
229.000 B 600
1700
2500

STRESS ON CONCRETE: ( Taking moments about 'A' )

Load Description Load-t L.A -m Moment-tm

W1 0.900 x 0.500 x 2.200 0.990 1.450 1.436
W2 0.50 x 0.000 x -222.995 x 2.200 0.000 1.700 0.000
W3 0.500 x -222.995 x 2.200 -245.295 1.450 -355.677
W4 0.50 x 1.200 x -222.995 x 2.200 -294.353 0.800 -235.48
W5 0.50 x 1.200 x -222.995 x 2.100 -280.974 0.400 -112.39
Pv 0.0395 x ( -221.795 - 1.200 ) x 2.100 4080.44 0.000 0.000
Total Load 3260.81
Ph 0.1584 x ( -221.795 - 1.200 ) x 2.100 16363.09 -93.658 ###
Total Moment ###

Leverarm = ### / 3260.81 = -470.201 m

Eccentricity = 0.850 - -470.20 = 471.051 m
B/6 = 1.700 /6 = 0.283 m < 471.051 m Tension

MAX. STRESS =
3260.81 x {1 + 6 x 471.051 } = ### t/m
1.70 1.700 ( Compression )
MIN STRESS = 3260.81 x {1 - 6 x 471.051 } = ### t/m
1.70 1.700 ( Tension )
STRESS ON SOIL: ( Taking moments about 'B' )

Load Description Load-t L.A -m Moment-tm

W1 0.500 x 0.900 x 2.200 0.990 1.850 1.83
W2 0.5 x 0.000 x -222.995 x 2.200 0.000 2.100 0.00
W3 0.500 x -222.995 x 2.200 -245.295 1.850 -453.79
W4 0.5 x 1.200 x -222.995 x 2.200 -294.353 1.200 -353.22
W5 0.5 x 1.200 x -222.995 x 2.100 -280.974 0.800 -224.78
W6 0.400 x -222.995 x 2.100 -187.316 0.200 -37.46
W7 2.500 x 0.600 x 2.200 3.300 1.250 4.13
Pv 0.0395 x ( -221.195 - 1.200 ) x 2.100 4058.39 0.000 0.00
Total Load 3054.75
Ph 0.1584 x ( -221.195 - 1.200 ) x 2.100 16274.67 -93.406 ###
Total Moment ###
Leverarm = ### / 3054.75 = -497.984 m
Eccentricity = 1.250 - -497.98 = 499.234 m
B/6 = 2.500 /6 = 0.417 m < 499.234 m Tension

MAX. STRESS = 3054.75 x {1 + 6 x 499.234 } = ### t/m

2.50 2.500 ( Compression )
MIN STRESS = 3054.75 x {1 - 6 x 499.234 } = ### t/m
 18

2.50 2.500 ( Tension )

 19

STRSS TABLE

[Link] DESCRIPTION STRESS ON CONCRETE( t/m2) STRESS ON SOIL( t/m2)

MAX ( t/m2) MIN ( t/m2) MAX ( t/m2) MIN ( t/m2)

1 PIER 147.92 -61.82 0.00 0.00

2 ABUTMENT 838031.85 ### ### ###
3 RETURN WALL ### ### ### ###
 11

DESIGN OF PIER PEDESTAL

Size 100 x 30 cm Grade of Concrete M25

Total Area of steel =1% Grade of Steel Fe 415
Total Ast = 30 cm Cover to Reinf. 40
Area of Longitudinal
Reinforcement at top and Bottom = 7.50 cm
provide 6 nos 20 f bars top and bottom ,Ast = 18.84 cm

Area of Stirrups = 15 cm Volume of steel/rm 1500 cm3

Length of each stirrup 316 cm
Adopting 12 mm dia stirrups = 357.2064 cm3
No. of Stirrups/rm = 4.20 Spacing = 23.81 cm
Hence Provide 12 f bars 200 c/c, Ast = 5.652 cm

DESIGN OF DIRT WALL

(designed as bending member) Grade of Concrete M25

Size 79.5 x 500 Grade of Steel Fe 415
Cover to [Link] 40 mm
Calculation of moments at base of Dirt wall :

(a) due to Earth pressure Ka = 0.279 g= 2.1

h = Ht. of wall 0.795 m Leverarm= 0.42 h
BM = 0.42 Ka g h3 / 2 = 0.062 tm/m
(b) due to Live load surcharge
Pressure ht. of 1.2 m
BM = 0.222 tm/m
(c) due to Braking force
(class 70 R bogie load is critical for design)
BF = 20%x20 = 4.00 t
effective width of dispersion = 0.08 m
BF/m = 50.314 t
BM = 100.38 tm/m

Total BM at bottom of wall = 100.661 tm/m

deff. Provided = 452 mm
Depth check d = 957 mm < Deff. Provided , Hence OK
Ast = 12682 sqmm/m
ie Provide 12 f bars at 150 c/c, Ast = 753.6 mm
Distribution steel 0.3 x Ast = 3805 sqmm
ie Provide 10 f bars at 200 c/c, Ast = 392.5 mm

DESIGN OF ABUTMENT BED BLOCK

Size 75 x 30 cm Grade of Concrete M25

Total Area of steel = 1 % Grade of Steel Fe 415
Total Ast = 22.5 cm Cover to Reinf. 40
Area of Longitudinal
Reinforcement at top and Bottom = 5.63 cm
provide 6 nos 16 f bars top and bottom ,Ast = 12.06 cm

Area of Stirrups = 11.25 cm Volume of steel/rm 1125 cm3

Length of each stirrup 266 cm
Adopting 10 mm dia stirrups = 208.81 cm3
No. of Stirrups/rm = 5.39 Spacing = 18.56 cm
Hence Provide 10 f bars 150 c/c, Ast = 5.23 cm