Greater Safety
and Enhanced Convenience
European Standard EN 14439
Copyright Liebherr 2010
Introduction
Why is a new EN 14439 standard needed in Europe?
To define standardised safety regulations for crane use out of operation (storm).
To define safety standard applicable to the entire European region comprising
minimum requirements for noise emission and ergonomics, etc.
To introduce standardised safety guidelines for climbing tower cranes.
To guarantee a single standard applicable throughout Europe for all new tower
cranes.
The standard will be introduced by all well-known
Copyright Liebherr 2010
manufacturers such as Comansa, Jaso, Liebherr, Manitowoc,
Terex and Wolffkran starting on 1 January 2010.
2 EN 14439
Contents
Introduction
Why is a new standard needed in Europe?
Advantages of the new standard
Impacts on crane construction
In general
For Liebherr
Wind as an influencing factor
European wind regions
Load case "frontal storm“
Copyright Liebherr 2010
Gusts and wind speed profiles
Summary of wind as an influencing factor
3 EN 14439
Contents
Application: New cranes
Application: Old cranes
Standardised safety requirements
Safety when climbing tower cranes
Safety equipment: Minimum requirements
More ergonomics and convenience for crane operators
More safety for crane operators, erection and maintenance personnel
Appendix: Standards
Copyright Liebherr 2010
4 EN 14439
Advantages of the new EN 14439 standard
Standardised calculation of tower cranes and therefore comparable structural
heights
More safety on construction sites
More safety under out-of-operation conditions
More safety for operators and erection personnel
More safety when climbing
Greater comfort for crane operators
More flexibility and safety for owners
Copyright Liebherr 2010
Cross-border crane deployments within Europe made easier
No need for retrofits or conversions, thus simplifying international pan-
European crane deployments
5 EN 14439
Impacts on crane construction
Copyright Liebherr 2010
6 EN 14439
Impacts on crane construction
Reduced hook height FEM
1.001 (1998)
EN 14439
DIN Heavier central ballast
15018/19
Example
before from 01.01.2010 before
Copyright Liebherr 2010
Simplified diagram showing interdependencies of standards.
7 EN 14439
Impacts on crane construction
Depending on crane construction and wind zone and under certain
circumstances the new standard leads to:
Heavier foundation loads
Heavier central ballast
Lower hook heights
Use of stronger crane components
Copyright Liebherr 2010
8 EN 14439
Example Liebherr: 130 EC-B 8 FR.tronic on 120 HC-Tower
DIN/FEM EN 14439
Hook height: 48.3m Hook height: 48.3m
Central ballast: 68t Central ballast: 80t
This example shows the load
case "rear storm“. Despite
the increased wind load in
wind zone C25, this plays
Copyright Liebherr 2010
Heavier central ballast
no role for strength
verification. +17%
From
01.01.2010
9 EN 14439
Example Liebherr: 280 EC-H 12 Litronic on 256 HC-Tower
DIN/FEM EN 14439
Hook height: 56.7m Hook height: 56.7m
Central ballast: 91t Central ballast: 91t
This example shows the
load case "Crane in
operation with wind“ to
define the max. possible
hook height. For this
Copyright Liebherr 2010
reason, there is no change.
from
01.01.2010
10 EN 14439
Wind as an influencing factor
Copyright Liebherr 2010
11 EN 14439
European wind regions from EN 13001
(This map of Europe is in EN 13001, country maps are in FEM 1.005)
The actual wind region must be verified
in future for every tower crane!
Exposed locations, e.g.:
Wind Region - Mountains
- Natural topologies, e.g. valleys
C - Special local features, e.g.
[comprises A and B] urban canyons or other peculiarities,
may result in the application of a
D different wind region! This may result in
certain wind turbulence.
E
The crane owner is responsible for
F
clarification and specification of the
correct wind region and the repetition
interval for each erection location.
Copyright Liebherr 2010
.
(map only intended as guide)
12 EN 14439
Load case "frontal storm"
In the past, the load case "frontal storm” was already part of DIN 15019 but not FEM 1001. This
load case was always considered by Liebherr for DIN and FEM cranes.
Copyright Liebherr 2010
In addition, the safety load case “frontal storm” or alternatively “storm from all sides” is now
considered as binding, this load case covers the delayed slewing of the crane into the prevailing
wind direction or, in general, cross gusts out-of-operation.
.
13 EN 14439
Gusts and wind speed profiles according to DIN 15018 and EN 13001
Wind repetition interval
200
The chart shows the
180
previous DIN/FEM
160 staircase profiles.
140 Wind is now considered
C25 D25 E25 more realistically. Curves
120 C25 to E50 show the
C50 D50 E50
Hook heighth [m]
maximum wind speeds that
DIN/FEM
100
can occur over a period of
80 25 or 50 years in various
wind regions (C-E).
60
As minimum standard for
40 the calculation takes the
repetition interval of 25
20 Bezugshöhe 10 m years = C 25 is defined.
Copyright Liebherr 2010
0
75 100 125 150 175 200 225 250 Bezugshöhe=Reference
Wind speed v [km/h] height
14 EN 14439
Summary: Wind as an influencing factor
For the first time, this standard provides a standardised regulation for wind loads in the "crane
out-of-operation" condition.
The background is the large number of severe storms in the past few years and new calculation
methods in civil engineering that were taken into consideration during the production of this
guideline. In future, this will allocate every crane to a wind region depending on the erection
location and configure the crane accordingly.
Countries and regions are divided into wind regions with different reference wind speeds as per FEM
1.005.
In FEM 1.005, the wind region C and a repetition interval of 25 years – abbreviated to C25 – were
defined as the minimum standard for static calculations, stability verification and specifications for
tower cranes in the operating instructions.
This achieves a standard safety level on European construction sites for tower cranes in out-of-
operation condition, irrespective of whether the crane is erected on the coast or in the interior of the
country. The most important innovation is the realistic consideration of storm wind loads in the
Copyright Liebherr 2010
crane out-of-operation condition.
Tower crane owners are therefore expected to consider local wind conditions depending on
the erection location and to plan crane deployment accordingly.
15 EN 14439
Application: New cranes
Copyright Liebherr 2010
16 EN 14439
Application scope of EN 14439 standard – New cranes
New cranes
Starting on 1 January 2010, every new tower crane delivered by
Liebherr will be calculated with technical specifications at a wind
repetition interval of C25 in accordance with EN 14439.
This European standard does not apply to tower cranes that were
manufactured prior to the publication of this European standard.
Tower cranes of the current series will be integrated in the calculation
according to EN 14439 at Liebherr starting on 1 January 2010. They
will therefore be modified to the current state of the art.
The new datasheets are available online at
Copyright Liebherr 2010
http://www.liebherr.com/cc/products_cc.asp?menuID=106087!12573-0
17 EN 14439
Application: Old cranes
Copyright Liebherr 2010
18 EN 14439
Application for the EN 14439 standard – Old cranes
Old cranes
The general rule is that the crane owner must take suitable measures within the
EU to ensure the safety and health protection of his employees by operating
his tower crane in accordance with the regulations. These measures must
comply with the results of his risk assessment and the state of the art. This means
that even old cranes may have to conform with the new regulations in regions with
increased wind speeds.
In order to keep work within practical limits and still support the introduction of
a standardised level of safety throughout European, all statics enquiries from
crane operators within the European economic area that are not explicitly
referred to as DIN structures will be calculated according to EN 14439 C25 at
Liebherr starting on 1 January 2010.
For all enquiries from outside Europe, the DIN/FEM staircase profile will remain as
Copyright Liebherr 2010
the minimum wind condition for cranes out-of-operation.
19 EN 14439
Standardised safety requirements
Copyright Liebherr 2010
20 EN 14439
Safety when climbing tower cranes
For the first time, the new standard defines
clear climbing rules for tower cranes.
These rules apply equally to static
calculations and structural design.
The required safety level corresponds to that
of crane operation. This is supported by
various safety devices and limit switches.
To summarise, the standard raises agreed
safety levels for tower cranes throughout
Europe and their climbing equipment and
defines the minimum requirements for noise
emissions, ergonomics and convenience for
crane owners, erection personnel and
ultimately crane drivers.
Copyright Liebherr 2010
21 EN 14439
Safety devices: Minimum requirements
Minimum requirements
for safety devices
In addition to the well-known
safety devices such as
overload protection and
various limit switches, all new
cranes brought into circulation
must now be fitted with an
anemometer and an
interface for collision-
prevention systems. A
working range limit must also
be retrofittable if required.
Interface must be prepared for a working There is an exception rule for
range limit. This is already integrated in PLC- self-erecting tower cranes.
controlled Liebherr cranes. They need only be fitted with
an anemometer from a hook
Copyright Liebherr 2010
height greater than 30m.
22 EN 14439
More ergonomics and convenience for crane operators
Standards are defined for the
cabins, e.g. access, size,
insulation, noise protection.
Indicators, windshield wipers and
heaters must be fitted and must
meet definite requirements.
Copyright Liebherr 2010
23 EN 14439
Safety for crane operators, erection and maintenance personnel
Minimum requirements
for safety devices
The standard also defines
uniform requirements
throughout Europe for access
and safety distances for crane
parts. The requirements are
defined for the design of
platforms, passage ladders,
catwalks, handrails, ladders,
etc.
Copyright Liebherr 2010
24 EN 14439
Appendix: Standards
Copyright Liebherr 2010
25 EN 14439
The harmonised product standard EN 14439 for tower cranes
The EN 14439 standard "Cranes – Safety – Tower cranes“ is the product standard for tower
cranes applicable throughout Europe. Together with other industrial standards, e.g. EN
13135 (Equipment), EN 13557 (Controls and control stands), EN 13586 (Accesses) and
others, the standard will ensure that the basic safety and health requirements (work
protection) of the EC Machine Directive 98/37/EC (in future 2006/42/EC) are achieved.
EN 14439 is therefore not comparable to DIN 15018 that is applicable in Germany. Together
with DIN 15019, DIN 15018 supplies the basic principles of calculation for all crane types and
its subject matter is therefore more the predecessor for the future EN 13001.
Viewed in concrete terms, EN 14439 considers all conceivable risks (significant dangers) that
may occur in operation and utilisation of tower cranes and, based on this, describes the
design, statics and electrical minimum requirements that the manufacturer must meet to
minimise these risks or exclude them. This occurs by the direct specification of a technical
regulation and permitted limits or reference to another harmonised standard. Its contents
therefore regulate areas which were previously covered in Germany by professional
Copyright Liebherr 2010
association rules.
26 EN 14439
Summary of currently valid standards and regulations for
calculating tower cranes
EN 14439:2009 Cranes – Safety – Tower cranes
DIN 15018-1 Cranes – Basic principles for steel supporting framework – Calculation
DIN 15018-2 Cranes – Basic principles for steel supporting framework – Basic principles for
structural design and construction
DIN 15019-1 Cranes – Stability for all cranes except for trackless mobile cranes
and floating cranes
FEM 1.001:1998 Basic principles for calculating cranes
FEM 1.005:2003 Recommendation for the calculation of crane structures out of operation
Future general crane calculation standard:
EN 13001 Cranes – General design
Remark: EN 13001 is already applied at Liebherr in acc. with EN 14439 in the development
Copyright Liebherr 2010
of new tower cranes although not all parts of the standard are available and
the implementation and application for tower cranes has not yet been finally defined.
27 EN 14439
