CATANDUANES STATE UNIVERSITY

PANGANIBAN CAMPUS

PANGANIBAN CATANDUANES

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INTRODUCTION 1

EXPERIENCE PROFIT ------------ 2

WORK SCHEDULE OF

ACTIVITIES ------------------ -
12
REPORT PROPER -----------------
-
DOCUMENTATION WITH 16

THE PURPOSE --------------

-
17
CURRICULUM VITAE -------------

20
CHAPTER INTRODUCTION

Practicum or summer farm practice was offered to every first-year students. Different

activities were introduced to us and we're able to research on different activities or

requirements in the fulfillment of summer class.

For me practicum class is different to usual classes. Since it involves actually working in

the area of study and using or applying the knowledge and skills that have been learned inside

the classroom.

I can say that summer class is an exciting and unforgettable experience that gives us the

privilege to challenge ourselves. A motivation in working and actual performing in the field.

Either be done by grouping or individual. It teaches us to be more productive, to be more

operative as if it be a leader or a member.

Most of all we understood that working in the field is not an easy task. Not just only you

had to endure or ignore the strong hot summer, the thirst you've experienced, or as your

armpit is soaking with your sweat when working under the sun.

Yet I can tell that beyond of all that efforts I worth it. Because we gained knowledge and

skills in performing and we cannot measure the feeling of enjoyment and happiness we

experienced. And we can't fulfill it without the help of our ever supportive and considerate

instructor Dr. Oliveros, for we are being trained to be an agriculturist someday. We are very

thankful for sharing your knowledge and words that full of wisdom to enhanced our learnings

or

education in Crop Science.

 CHAPTER II

EXPERIENCE PROFIT

APRIL 04, 2017

Principles and Philosophy of Organic Agriculture

Organic Agriculture is a farming without the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides.

Living organism is define by standards that explain what the principles are in which methods and inputs

re not permitted.

Example of living organism are soil, plants, farm animals, insects, farmers etc.

systems Approach

• Increase inputs through fertilizer, reduce pest and weeds.

• Conditional Farming is focus on maximum yield.

• Organic Agriculture is a holistic way of farming. Besides production of goods high quality an

important aim is conservation of natural resources, fertile soil, clean water and rich biodiversity.

Agro Forestry Systems

Recycling Nutrients is organic nutrient management is based on biodegradable material like plant and animal

residues. Nutrient cycles are closed with a help of composting, mulching, green manuring, crop rotation etc. Also

includes the soil fertility, crop diversity, and cover crop bio control.
'raining Manual on Organic Agriculture Sustainability in organic farming must therefore be in a holistic

sense which includes ECOLOGICAL, ECONOMICAL and SOCIAL ASPECTS. Only if three dimensions are

fulfilled, an agriculture system can be called sustainable.

ECOLOGICAL SUSTAINABILITY

'k Recycling the nutrients instead of applying external inputs.

*k No chemical pollution of soil and water,

k Promote biological diversity,

k Improve soil fertility and build of humus,

k Prevent soil erosion and compaction,

k Animal friendly husbandry,

k Using renewable energies.

Social Sustainability

k Sufficient production for subsistence and income,

k A safe nutrition of the family with healthy food,

k Good working conditions for both men and women,

k Building on local knowledge and traditions.

Economic Sustainability

k Satisfactory and reliable yields,

k Low costs on external inputs and investments,
k Crop diversification to improve income safely,
k Value addition through quality improvement and on farm processing,
k High efficiency to improve competitiveness.
DISTINCTI0N FROM OTHER FARMING SYSTEM

Traditional Farming Organic

Agro chemicals have been used on a large scale only since in the 1960's. Therefore, farming

communities which have not been influenced by the GREEN REVOLUTION automatically meet the most

important criteria of organic agriculture.

APRIL 08, 2019

FOUR PRINCIPLES OF ORGANIC AGRICULTURE

HEALTH the organic agriculture should sustain and enhance the health of soil, plant, animal,

human, and planet.

ECOLOGY organic agriculture should be based on living ecological, ecosystems and cycles. Work

within and immolate them and sustain them.

FAIRNESS organic agriculture should build on relationship that ensure fairness with regard to

the common environment and life opportunities. Fairness is characterized by equity, respect,

justice, and stewardship of the shared world both among people and their relations to other

living beings, such as farmers, workers, processors, distributors, traders, and consumers.

CARE organic agriculture should be managed in the precautionary and responsible manner to

protect the health and well- being of current and future generations of the environment.
Benefits of Organic Agriculture

± Soil conservation and maintenance of soil fertility.

Less pollution of water.

4 Protection of wildlife.

Higher biodiversity more diverse landscape.

4* Better treatment of farm animals.

'k Less utilization of non- renewable external inputs and energy.

No hormones and antibiotics in animal products.

Better product quality

<kPRIL 10,
2017
Basis of Organic Agriculture

SOIL is the basis of organic agriculture and composed of mineral particles, pores and organic matter

3 IMPORTANT MICROORGANISMS are FUNGUS, BACTERIA and PROTOZOA are the key quality of

fertility of the soil.

MPORTANCE OF SOIL ORGANISM

4 Help to decompose organic material and build up humus.

■4 It mingles organic matter with soil particles to build stable crumbs.

4» Dig tunnels which encourage deep rooting of plants and good aeration of the soil.

4» Help to release nutrients from mineral particles.

4r Control pest and disease organism affecting of the roots of crops.

 PES OF ORGANISMS

\PRIL11,2017 ■

LANT NUTRITION OR CROP NUTRITION it means supply and absorption of chemical elements or

compounds required by the plant.

NUTRITION a chemical elements or compound required by plants for normal growth.

METABOLIC PROCESSES are mechanisms by which elements are converted to cellular materials or a

sources of energy or to drive reactions.

17 ESSENTIAL ELEMENTS

CARBON-maior components of plant organic compound.

HYDROGEN- major components of plant organic compound.

OXYGEN -major components of plant organic compound.

NITROGEN- integral part of chlorophyll.

PHOSPHOROUS

POTASSIUM

CALCIUM
 •MAGNESIUM

• SULFUR

COPPER

CROP ROTATION is the systematic planting of different crops in succession on the same pace of land.

RELAY CROPPING it involves the planting of two or more annual crops with the second crop planted

after the first crop has flowered or rearing its harvest.

MULTIPLE CROPPING it refers to a practice with increase crop production while providing better

protection of the soil from erosion.

LEY CROPPING system where arable crops are grown in the alleys between rows of shrub/ tree

legumes which are pruned periodically to prevent shading and to provide green manure to the

companion crop.

LTURAL PRACTICES REINFORCING SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION

Conservation tillage a broad term referring to the reduction of soil and water losses relative to f

Conventional tillage; technically refers to a tillage system which leaves 30% residue cover after planting

VOLVES THE FF:

Conservation tillage, minimum tillage, mulch tillage, strip or zone tillage, sub soiling, ridge lying.
DEFINITION OF TERMS

ENEFICIAL MICROORGANISMS a generic term for microorganisms that contribute to soil and plant

Health, free from nature and can be found elsewhere particularly the forestry.

FFECTIVE MICROORGANISM trademark for a specific mixed culture, which are abundantly found in the

market. They can either contain local or imported microorganisms.

RODUCTION OF SWEET BLISS

High yielding

Medium maturity

Very vigorous

includes the weeding, irrigating, fertilizing, harvesting and the pest and diseases in corn

IORPHOLOGY OF THE RICE PLANT

GRAIN is the ripened ovary with the LEMMA, PALEA, and their associated structures which now have

come the HUSK or HULL.

HULLED RICE GRAIN or CARYOPSIS is called brown rice due to its brownish outer layer. It consists of

The ENDOSPERM and the EMBRYO.

 TL.D provides nourishment to the germinating embryo.

consist of the leaves or plumule and root or radicle.

_____ 2 is enclosed by a cylinder like, protective covering, the coleoptile and the radicle is ensheated

a mass of soft tissue, the coleorhiza.

"LA when germinated with light or COLEOPTILE when germinated in soil or darkness.

_______ i or the sheath envelops the radicle of the embryo.

rimary leaf is the first seedling leaf. This is green and cylindrical and has no blade.

econdary leaf is the next leaf that follows the primary leaf. It is differentiated into a SHEATH, BLADE,

and AURICLES.

SEED PRODUCTION AT PHILRICE

NIFORM PANICLES UP selected by plant breeders first in the field, then in the laboratory. These are

urned over to the SEED PRODUCTION and HEALTH DIVISION (SPHD).

REEDER SEED (BS) produced by the SPHD from UP, certified 100% pure by the SEED QUALITY

ONTROL SERVICES (SQCS) of the BUREAU OF PLANT INDUSTRY (BPI).

OUNDATION SEED (FS) produced from the BS by PHIL RICE Station and selected members of NRRDN an

SEED NET.

______t SEED produced from the FS by members of SEED NET and selected seed producers. They

/ a green tag from the SQCS.

CERTIFIED SEEDS produced from the RS by all accredited seed producers and distributed to farmers for

commercial production

ril 25,

LAND PREPARATION is the process of preparing the soil to provide a favorable soil environment to for

plant growth and germination.

'ILLAGE a process of mechanically altering some physical characteristics of the soil for it to be ideal for

rowing crops.

TYPES OF TILLAGE

Primary tillage, secondary tillage.

Wetland tillage and dry land tillage are ways in preparing rice field.

METHOD OF CROP ESTABLISHMENT are the transplanting and the direct seeding.

ril 26^2017

BASIC STEP TO SUCCESSFUL HYBRID CORN CULTURE

1. Seed selection

2. Land preparation

3. Furrowing, fertilizing and planting

4. Insect control 10 days after planting

5. Weed control
 6. Side dressing and hilling up

7. Insect control 30-35 after planting

8. Control of corn borer, corn earworms and silk beetles

9. Harvest 100-105 days after planting

RAISING SEEDLINGS BY THE WETBED METHOD

ADVANTAGES

• Less seeds are required per unit area transplanted.

• Transplanting of seedlings can be delayed.

• Given the rice seedlings a head start over the weeds after transplanting.

HSADVANTAGES

• It requires larger areas for the seedbed

• Preparation of seedbed, care of seedlings and pulling of seedlings are laborious.

• Seeds are easily carried away by raindrops if heavy rain occurs shortly after sowing.

HE DAPOG METHOD OF RAISING RICE SEEDLING

DVANTAGE

• Requires less space for raising seedlings.

• Seedlings can be planted early.

• Labor required for removing seedling from seedbed is less than % compared to the

wetbed method.

• Easy to transport seedlings from seedbed to rice paddy.

WORK SCHEDULE Cl ACTIVITIES

DATE ACTIVITIES REMARKS

April 3, 2017 4- Orientation about the policy, 4- Accomplished

1|»I^
requirements and other consequences

about practicum
4- Accomplished
4- Planning and sketching bahay kubo

garden
4- accomplished
4- Groupings

4- Lecture of philosophy and principle in 4- Accomplished

organic agriculture

4- (activity 1) identifying the scientific 4- accomplished

names and uses of crops

April'5j2O17 4- Working in the field(layout and pulling 4- Unaccomplished

because of
of weeds) insufficient time
accomplished
4- Planting okra

,pril 6,2017 4- Working in the field (land prepation). 4- Unaccomplished

because of
insufficient time
pril 772017 4- Lecture about principle and benefits 4- accomplished

of organic agriculture..

4- Continuation of working in the field 4- 4- Unaccomplished

because of
1st quiz (20 ITEMS) insufficient time

April 8,2017 ---------- ------ -------Saturday- -------

April 9,2017 ------ ----------------Sunday ----------

, TOlS
[April 1OT2Q17 4- Lecture about basis of organic 4- Accomplished

agriculture. 4- Accomplished

4- (activity 2) research and studies about 4- Unaccomplished

because of
rice and corn. insufficient time

4- Constructing bahay kubo pril 1X2017

4- Lecture in plant nutrition/crop 4- Accomplished

nutrition and essential elements 4- Unaccomplished

because of
4- Constructing bahay kubo ipril 12,2017 insufficient time

4- Copying of fermented fruit juice 4- Accomplished

pril 13,2017 NO CLASSES

pril 14,2017 HOLY WEEK

pril 15,2017 -----------------SATURDAY ----------------

,pril 16,2017 --------------- SUNDAY --------------------

pril 17,2017 4- Lecture about corn, the problem and 4- Accomplished

its background

4- Gathering carabao manure. 4- Accomplished

pril 18,2017 4- Lecture of characteristic of sweet com 4- Accomplished

4- Continuation of working in the field 4- Unaccomplished

because of
insufficient time

pril 19/2017 4- Lecture about morphology of rice. 4- Accomplished 4-

4- Preparing the field for Accomplished

planting(leveling)

4- Accomplished
pril 20,2017 4- Lecture about rice seed production

4- Accomplished
pril 21,2017 4- Midterm examination

pril 22,2017 4- Saturday

pril 23,2017 4- Sunday

pril 24,2017 4- Working in the field (lay outing and 4- Unaccomplished

because of
digging) insufficient time

pril 25^017 4- Lecture about land preparation, 4- Accomplished

methods and steps for growing seeds

k\pril 2C2017 4- Applying different treatment(carabao 4- Unaccomplished
I
manure, chicken dung, compost, and because of

complete(14-14-14). insufficient time

April 27,2017 4- Continuation of Applying different 4- Accomplished

treatment. /

April 28,2017 4- Preparation for planting. 4- Accomplished

(watering and pulling of weeds)

April 29,2017 4- Saturday

April 30,2017 4- Sunday

tviay 1, 2017 4- Planting corn 4- Accomplished

May 2, 2017 4- Watering the corn 4- Accomplished

4- Cleaning in the bahay kubo 4- Accomplished

4- Long quiz(30 items) 4- Accomplished

May 3, 2017 No classes

May 4, 2017 No classes

May 5, 2016 4- Making of narrative 4- Unaccomplished

because of

insufficient time