Tumbler MO: Innovated Water Tumbler Treated With Moringa oleifera for

Safe Water Consumption

The scarcity of potable water is one of the issues affecting the global

population due to the massive effects of water pollution. A lot of Filipinos

suffer from sanitation-related diseases because of the lack of access to

improved, safe and sustainable water sources.

The Project Tumbler MO (Moringa Oleifera) will provide a convenient

water filtration system for drinkable water sources. The Tumbler MO filter is

comprised of 4 layers: membrane filters (to remove bigger particles), activated

charcoal (to trap pollutant molecules), dried pulverized Moringa oleifera seeds

that will act as coagulant and another layer of membrane filters to ensure the

potability of water. The samples will be subjected to conductivity, pH

measurement and coliform count.

The product is expected to provide an on-the-go filtration system

especially for those who lack access to safe water sources.

Water pollution is one of the social issues affecting global population.

World Health Organization stated that at least 2 billion people use a drinking

water source contaminated with feces. WHO also recorded a number of 785

million people who lack a basic drinking-water service with 144 million of

them depending on surface water. Nine million Filipinos depend on

unimproved, unsafe and unsustainable water sources and 19 million lack

access to improved sanitation as mentioned by water.org. Families who lack

access to potable water are prone to sanitation-related diseases and 1000

children die daily due to these diseases.

Tumbler MO acts as a convenient way of water filtration to ensure a

supply of potable water. The product will filter pollutants through the use of

pulverized Moringa oleifera dried seeds to reduce coliform count of water and

activated charcoal for adsorption. The processes involved in filtration are

percolation and adsorption. The product’s filter compartment mimics the slow

passing through of liquid through a filter which is known as percolation. The

use of a bed of activated carbon to remove contaminants and impurities is

called carbon filtering using chemical adsorption. The membrane filters will

act as the initial filtration stage.

The product is expected to lower the rate of people depending on

contaminated drinking water sources by providing a safe and convenient way

of filtering water sources to make it potable. It is expected to benefit families

who lack access to potable water especially those living in marginalized

sectors of the society.

Tumbler MO is an innovated water tumbler that provides convenient

filtering system to make water potable. It is comprised of 4 stages of filtration:

Figure 1. Model of the Filtration System

Filter membrane

Activated Charcoal

Pulverized Moringa oleifera

Filter membrane

1. Membrane Filter

a. It is a microporous plastic films that retain particles larger

than their pore size.

2. Pulverized Moringa oleifera Seeds

a. Sahile, et.al stated in their study, Water Purification and

Antibacterial Efficacy of Moringa oleifera Lam, stated that

the seed powder exhibits a reduction in turbidity and

coliform count of the water samples which makes it a good

source for water purification.

3. Activated Carbon

a. It works via a process known as adsorption whereby

pollutant molecules in the fluid are trapped inside the pore

structure of the carbon substrate.

a. To ensure that the water is free from impurities of bigger

size, both ends of the filtration system are covered with

membrane filters.

Methods

This research employs Complete Randomized Design which is the

simplest design for comparative experiments, as it uses only two basic

principles of experimental designs: randomization and replication as defined

by Salkind (2010).

Membrane Filter

Filters with pore size of 0.22 µm, a thickness of 90-100 um, diameter of

47 mm and a flow rate of ≥3mL/min/cm2 @1 bar will be availed.

Pulverized Dried Moringa oleifera seeds

The seeds will be obtained when fully matured. The plucked pods will

be cracked to obtain the seeds which will be air-dried for days at 40°C. The

shells will then be removed using knife and will be pounded using laboratory

mortar and pestles into powder. The powder will then be sieved using a

strainer with a pore size of 2.5 mm to obtain fine powder. It will be inserted

in a tea bag inside the filter compartment. This will serve as coagulant of the

system.
Activated Carbon

Powdered activated carbon will be used to remove contaminants. The

powdered substance will then be inserted in a tea bag that is found in second

layer of the filter compartment.

Laboratory Analyses

The samples will be tested in terms of pH, conductivity, and total

coliforms count measurements.

pH Measurement

The use of calibrated Crison pH meter Basic C20 will be used for pH

level.

Conductivity Measurement

The samples used in pH measurement will be subjected to conductivity

test using a calibrated Crison Conductimeter Basic C30.

Total coliform using most probable number (MPN) procedure

The multiple tube fermentation method will be used. Lactose broth will

be used as the medium for bacteria growth. Alazin Red will be measured and

added to the solution.

Data Analysis

Analysis of Variance will be conducted to assess whether significant variations

exist among treatments given to assess their effectiveness. The data collected

in conductivity measurement will be transformed into log values before

analysis.
Table 1. Estimated Cost of Materials

Estimated Cost

Quantity Total (PhP)

1 13/g
Activated Charcoal
250/ 1kg
(50 g)
2 10
Membrane Filter 5 / piece

2 2
Tea Bag 176/ 500 pieces

1 50
Cylindrical Strainer 50/piece

Total: PhP 105.00

Ashenafi Delelegn, S. S. (2018, march 25). Water purification and antibacterial

efficacy of Moringa oleifera Lam. Retrieved from BioMedCentral:

https://agricultureandfoodsecurity.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.11

86/s40066-018-0177-1

Francis Kweku Amagloh, A. B. (2009, January 19). Effectiveness of Moringa

oleifera seed as coagulant for water purification. Retrieved from

researchgate.net:

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/224775430_Effectiveness_

of_Moringa_oleifera_seed_as_coagulant_for_water_purification

Helmenstine, A. M. (2019, August 7). What Adsorption Means in Chemistry.

Retrieved from ThoughtCo.: https://www.thoughtco.com/definition-of-

adsorption-605820

Organization, W. H. (2019, June 19). Drinking-Water. Retrieved from WHO:

https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/drinking-water

Salkind, N. J. (2010). Completely Randomized Design . Retrieved from

methods.sagepub.com:https://methods.sagepub.com/reference/ency

c-of-research-design/n64.xml

water org. (2019). Philippines' water and sanitation crisis.