EXAM 2 (II) A 0.

5 m NaOH solution freezes at a lower

Encircle the correct answer. temperature than pure water.
(III) Pure water freezes at a higher temperature
than pure methanol.
1. Consider the three statements below. Which (a) only I
statement(s) is(are) true? (b) only II
1. Hydration is a special case of solvation in which (c) only III
the solvent is water. (d) I and II
2. The oxygen end of water molecules is attracted (e) I and III
toward Ca2+ ions. [Link] vapor pressure of pure water at 85oC is 434
3. The hydrogen end of water molecules is torr. What is the vapor pressure at 85oC of a
attracted toward Cl- ions. solution prepared from 100 mL of water (density
(a) 1 only 1.00 g/mL) and 150 g of diglyme, C6H14O3, a
(b) 2 only nonvolatile substance?
(c) 3 only (a) 361 torr
(d) 1 and 2 only (b) 390 torr
(e) 1, 2, and 3 (c) 425 torr
[Link] the following pairs of liquids. Which (d) 388 torr
pairs are miscible? (e) 317 torr
1. benzene, C6H6, and hexane, C6H12 [Link] vapor pressure of a solution containing a
2. water and methanol, CH3OH nonvolatile solute is directly proportional to the
3. water and hexane (a) molality of the solvent.
(a) 1, 2 only (b) osmotic pressure of the solute.
(b) 2 only (c) molarity of the solvent.
(c) 1 only (d) mole fraction of solvent.
(d) 1, 2, 3 (e) mole fraction of solute.
(e) 2, 3 only [Link] 4.27 grams of sucrose, C12H22O11, are
[Link] the molality of a solution that contains dissolved in 15.2 grams of water, what will be the
51.2 g of naphthalene, C10H8, in 500 mL of carbon boiling point of the resulting solution? (Kb for
tetrachloride. The density of CCl4 is 1.60 g/mL. water = 0.512 oC/m) (Note: If the Kf and Kb are not
(a) 0.250 m given on the exam, you can find them on the back
(b) 0.500 m of the exam envelope.)
(c) 0.750 m (a) 101.64 oC
(d) 0.840 m (b) 100.42 oC
(e) 1.69 m (c) 99.626 oC
[Link] is the molality of a solution labeled "8.6% (d) 100.73 oC
glucose (C6H12O6) by weight?" (Note: If the (e) 101.42 oC
question does not give the solvent, assume it is [Link] are the ideal van't Hoff factors for the
water.) following compounds:
(a) 0.26 m Ba(OH)2, C6H12O6, K3PO4, HNO3 ?
(b) 0.34 m (a) 1, 1, 1, 1
(c) 0.44 m (b) 2, 1, 2, 2
(d) 0.52 m (c) 3, 1, 4, 2
(e) 0.67 m (d) 6, 3, 5, 5
[Link] the mole fraction of C2H5OH in a (e) none of the above
solution that contains 46 grams of ethanol, [Link] the approximate initial boiling point
C2H5OH, and 64 grams of methanol, CH3OH. (in oC) of a solution of 285 g of magnesium
(a) 1/3 chloride in 2.0 kg of water. (Assume complete
(b) 0.42 dissociation of the salt.)
(c) 1/2 (a) 103.1 oC
(d) 2/3 (b) 101.6 oC
(e) none of these (c) 102.3 oC
[Link] observation(s) reflect(s) colligative (d) 100.8 oC
properties? (e) 104.8 oC
(I) A 0.5 m NaBr solution has a higher vapor 12.A solution made by dissolving 9.81 g of a
pressure than a 0.5 m BaCl2 solution. nonvolatile nonelectrolyte in 90.0 g of water
boiled at 100.37 oC at 760 mm Hg. What is the (b) a hydroxide donor.
approximate molecular weight of the substance? (c) an electron-pair acceptor.
(For water, Kb = 0.51 oC/m) (d) a water-former.
(a) 240 g/mol (e) a proton acceptor.
(b) 150 g/mol 19. In the equation: HF + H2O → H3O+ + F-
(c) 79 g/mol (a) H2O is a base and HF is its conjugate acid.
(d) 61 g/mol (b) H2O is an acid and HF is the conjugate base.
(e) 34 g/mol (c) HF is an acid and F- is its conjugate base.
[Link] is the freezing point of an aqueous 1.00 (d) HF is a base and H3O+ is its conjugate acid.
m NaCl solution? (Kf = 1.86 oC/m) (Assume (e) HF is a base and F- is its conjugate acid.
complete dissociation of the salt.) 20. For the system shown here: HOBr +
(a) -1.86 oC OH- ⇌ H2O + OBr-
(b) +1.86 oC Bronsted would classify the base species as:
(c) -3.72 oC (a) OH- and HOBr
(d) -0.93 oC (b) H2O and OH-
(e) 0.0 oC (c) OBr- and OH-
14.A 17.3 mg sample of an organic compound (a (d) OBr- and HOBr
non-electrolyte) was ground up with 420 mg of (e) H2O and HOBr
camphor to form a homogeneous mixture melting 21. Which is the strongest acid?
at 170.0 oC. What is the apparent formula weight (a) HClO4
of the organic compound? (Kf of camphor = (b) HClO3
37.7 oC/m, m.p. of camphor = 178.4 oC) (Note: (c) HClO2
This is a freezing point depression problem - note (d) HClO
the Kf of camphor - camphor is the solvent.) (e) HF
(a) 353 g/mol [Link] of these species is probably
(b) 285 g/mol the weakest acid?
(c) 231 g/mol (a) HCl
(d) 185 g/mol (b) H3PO4
(e) 166 g/mol (c) H2PO4-
[Link] the osmotic pressure associated (d) HPO42-
with 50.0 g of an enzyme of molecular weight (e) HNO3
98,000 g/mol dissolved in water to give 2600 mL 23. Consider the neutralization reactions between
of solution at 30.0 oC. the following acid-base pairs in dilute aqueous
(a) 0.484 torr solutions:
(b) 1.68 torr (1) CH3COOH + NaOH →
(c) 1.96 torr (2) HNO3 + Mg(OH)2 →
(d) 2.48 torr
(3) H3PO4 + Ba(OH)2 →
(e) 3.71 torr
16.A 250 mL solution containing 21.4 g of a (4) HCl + KOH →
polymer in toluene had an osmotic pressure of (5) H2CO3 + LiOH →
0.055 atm at 27 oC. What is the apparent formula For which of the reactions is the net
weight of the polymer? ionic equation: H+ + OH- → H2O ?
(a) 15,000 g/mol (a) 1, 3
(b) 18,000 g/mol (b) 1, 4, 5
(c) 26,000 g/mol (c) 2, 3
(d) 32,000 g/mol (d) 4
(e) 38,000 g/mol (e) 1
17. Arrhenius defined an acid as: 24. Which one of the following represents the net
(a) a species that can donate a proton. ionic equation for the reaction of nitric acid with
(b) a species that can accept a proton. aluminum hydroxide?
(c) a source of OH- ions in water. (a) 3H+ + Al(OH)3 → Al3+ + 3H2O
(d) a sourse of H+ ions in water. (b) 3HNO3 + Al(OH)3 → Al(NO3)3 + 3H2O
(e) a species that can accept a pair of electrons. (c) HNO3 + OH- → NO3- + H2O
18. In the Bronsted-Lowry system, a base is (d) H+ + OH- → H2O
defined as: (e) 3NO3- + Al3+ → Al(NO3)3
(a) a proton donor.
25. Which one of the following is an amphoteric (Assume the acid is to be completely neutralized
metal hydroxide? by a base.)
(a) KOH (a) 0.600 eq
(b) Ba(OH)2 (b) 1.20 eq
(c) Pb(OH)2 (c) 2.40 eq
(d) LiOH (d) 3.60 eq
(e) Mg(OH)2 (e) 4.80 eq
26. According to the Lewis theory, a base _____. 33. Calculate the normality of a solution that
(a) is a proton acceptor. contains 4.5 g of (COOH)2 in 3000 mL of
(b) is a proton donor. solution? (Assume the (COOH)2 is to be
(c) makes available a share in a pair of electrons. completely neutralized in an acid-base reaction.)
(d) produces OH- ions in aqueous solution. (a) 0.033 N
(e) accepts a share in a pair of electrons. (b) 0.045 N
27. How many grams of Ca(OH)2 are contained (c) 0.066 N
in 1500 mL of 0.0250 M Ca(OH)2 solution? (d) 0.090 N
(a) 3.17 g (e) 0.12 N
(b) 2.78 g [Link] volume of 0.100 N HNO3 is required to
(c) 1.85 g neutralize 50.0 mL of a 0.150 N solution of
(d) 2.34 g Ba(OH)2?
(e) 4.25 g (a) 50.0 mL
28. What volume of 12.6 M HCl must be added to (b) 75.0 mL
enough water to prepare 5.00 liters of 3.00 M (c) 100. mL
HCl? (d) 125 mL
(a) 1.19 L (e) 150. mL
(b) 21.0 L 35. How many grams of NaOH would be required
(c) 0.840 L to neutralize all the acid in 75.0 mL of 0.0900 N
(d) 7.56 L H2SO4?
(e) 2.14 L (a) 0.540 g
29. What is the molarity of the salt produced in (b) 0.270 g
the reaction of 200 mL of 0.100 M HCl with 100 (c) 1.32 g
mL of 0.500 M KOH? (d) 0.660 g
(a) 0.0325 M (e) 0.859 g
(b) 0.0472 M 36. What is the oxidation number for carbon in
(c) 0.0667 M CaC2O4?
(d) 0.0864 M (a) 0
(e) 0.0935 M (b) +2
30. What volume of 0.50 M KOH would be (c) +3
required to neutralize completely 500 mL of 0.25 (d) +4
M H3PO4 solution? (e) +6
(a) 2.5 x 102 mL 37. Balance the molecular equation for the
(b) 1.4 x 103 mL following redox reaction. What is the sum of the
(c) 83 mL coefficients? Don't forget coefficients of one. Use
(d) 7.5 x 102 mL the smallest whole number coefficients possible.
(e) 5.2 x 102 mL H2SO4(aq) + HI(aq) → I2(s) + SO2(g)
31. A 0.6745 gram sample of KHP reacts with (a) 7
41.75 mL of KOH solution for complete (b) 9
neutralization. What is the molarity of the KOH (c) 11
solution? (Molecular weight of KHP = 204 g/mol. (d) 13
KHP has one acidic hydrogen.) (e) 5
(a) 0.158 M 38. For the reaction between permanganate ion
(b) 0.099 M and sufite ion in basic solution, the unbalanced
(c) 0.139 M equation is:
(d) 0.079 M MnO4- + SO32- → MnO2 + SO42-
(e) 0.061 M
32. How many equivalents of phosphoric acid are When this equation is balanced using the
contained in 300 mL of 4.00 M phosphoric acid?
smallest whole number coefficients possible, the (b) 0.126 M
number of OH- ions is (c) 0.0502 M
(a) two on the right. (d) 0.251 M
(b) two on the left. (e) 0.0316 M
(c) three on the right. 44. What is the equivalent weight (in grams) of
(d) four on the right. copper(II) nitrate for use in a reaction involving
(e) four on the left. the conversion of copper(II) to copper metal?
39. Balance the following redox equation in acidic (a) 46.9 g/eq
solution with the smallest whole number (b) 93.8 g/eq
coefficients possible. What is the sum of all the (c) 187.6 g/eq
coefficients? (Do not forget coefficients of one.) (d) 375.2 g/eq
Cu + SO42- → Cu2+ + SO2 (in acidic solution) (e) 562.8 g/eq
(a) 9 45. What is the normality of a K2Cr2O7 solution
(b) 10 prepared by dissolving 5.00 g of K2Cr2O7 in 200
(c) 11 mL of solution, which will be used in the
(d) 12 following unbalanced reaction?
(e) 13 Cr2O72- + SO32- → Cr3+ + SO42- (in acidic solution)
40. When the following equation is balanced with (a) 0.733 N
the smallest possible set of integers, what is the (b) 0.226 N
sum of all the coefficients? (Do not forget (c) 0.510 N
coefficients of one.) (d) 0.441 N
Cr2O72- + H2S → Cr3+ + S (in acidic solution) (e) 0.810 N
(a) 13 46. What mass of KMnO4 must be dissolved to
(b) 24 prepare 1.25 L of 0.110 N KMnO4 solution? It is
(c) 19 used in the reaction in which MnO4- ions oxidize
(d) 7 Fe2+ into Fe3+ ions and are reduced to Mn2+ ions
(e) 29 under acidic conditions?
41. When the following equation is balanced with (a) 4.34 g
the smallest possible set of integers, what is the (b) 23.8 g
sum of all the coefficients? (Do not forget (c) 115 g
coefficients of one.) (d) 19.1 g
MnO4- + Se2- → MnO2 + Se (in basic solution) (e) 70.6 g
(a) 20 47. A 0.250 M solution of Na2C2O4 is to be used
(b) 22 in a reaction in which the C2O42- will be oxidized
(c) 24 to CO2. What is the normality of this
(d) 26 Na2C2O4 solution?
(e) 28 (a) 0.250 N
42. Consider the following unbalanced equation (b) 1.00 N
in acidic solution: (c) 0.125 N
NaClO3 + H2O + I2 → HIO3 + NaCl (d) 0.0625 N
A 25.0 mL sample of 0.0833 M NaClO3 reacted (e) 0.500 N
with 30.0 mL of an aqueous solution of I2. How 48. What volume of a 0.150 N KI solution is
many grams of I2 were contained in the required to react in basic solution with 34.1 mL of
I2 solution? a 0.216 N solution of KMnO4? The products in the
(a) 0.264 g reaction include MnO2 and IO3-.
(b) 0.397 g (a) 25.4 mL
(c) 0.236 g (b) 37.9 mL
(d) 0.159 g (c) 12.6 mL
(e) 0.317 g (d) 98.2 mL
43. Consider the following unbalanced net ionic (e) 49.1 mL
equation: 49. Calculate the normality of a NaClO solution if
NO2- + MnO4- → NO3- + Mn2+ (in acidic solution) 35.00 mL of the solution is required to react with
What is the molarity of a sodium nitrite, NaNO2, 0.615 g of Zn according to the following
solution if 30.0 mL of it just reacts with 0.238 unbalanced equation:
grams of KMnO4? Zn + ClO- → Zn(OH)2 + Cl- (in basic solution)
(a) 0.410 M (a) 0.537 N
(b) 0.275 N 24.000 oC to 29.765 oC. The heat capacity of the
(c) 0.108 N calorimeter was 2657 J/oC. The specific heat of
(d) 0.366 N water is 4.184 J/goC. Calculate E for the reaction
(e) 0.791 N in kJ/mol.
50. A solution of nitrous acid was standardized in (a) -314 kJ/mol
a reaction where HNO2 → NO3- and its (b) -789 kJ/mol
concentration was determined to be 0.100 N (c) -716 kJ/mol
nitrous acid. What volume of this 0.100 N nitrous (d) -121 kJ/mol
acid solution would be required to oxidation of (e) -69.5 kJ/mol
0.200 g of CoCl2 to CoCl3 according to the 56. A coffee cup calorimeter having a heat
following net ionic equation? capacity of 451 J/oC was used to measure the
Co2+ + HNO2 → Co3+ + NO (in acidic solution) heat evolved when 0.0300 mol of NaOH(s) was
(a) 33.9 mL added to 1000 mL of 0.0300 M HNO3 initially at
(b) 15.4 mL 23.000 oC. The temperature of the water rose to
(c) 7.70 mL 23.639 oC. Calculate ΔH (in kJ/mol NaNO3) for
(d) 67.8 mL this reaction. Assume the specific heat of the
(e) 30.8 mL final solution is 4.18 J/goC; the density of each
51. What is the sum of all coefficients when the solution is 1.00 g/mL; and the addition of solid
following net ionic equation is balanced using the does not appreciably affect the volume of the
smallest whole number coefficients possible? Do solution.
not forget coefficients of one. HNO3(aq) + NaOH(s) → NaNO3(aq) + H2O(l)
MnO4- + Mn2+ → MnO2 (in basic solution) (a) -63.7 kJ/mol
(a) 19 (b) -151 kJ/mol
(b) 16 (c) -2.55 kJ/mol
(c) 13 (d) -81.4 kJ/mol
(d) 11 (e) -98.6 kJ/mol
(e) 7 57. The ΔHo for the following reaction at 298 K is
52. Which one of the following thermodynamic -36.4 kJ.
quantities is not a state function? 1/2 H2(g) + 1/2 Br2(l) → HBr(g)
(a) Gibbs free energy Calculate ΔEo at 298 K. The universal gas
(b) enthalpy constant, R, is 8.314 J/mol K.
(c) entropy (a) -35.2 kJ
(d) internal energy (b) +35.2 kJ
(e) work (c) -36.4 kJ
53. At a constant temperature, an ideal gas is (d) -37.6 kJ
compressed from 6.0 liters to 4.0 liters by a (e) +37.6 kJ
constant external pressure of 5.0 atm. How much 58. Calculate the amount of work done for the
work is done on the gas? conversion of 1.00 mole of Ni to Ni(CO)4 in the
(a) w = +10 liter atm reaction below, at 75oC. Assume that the gases
(b) w = -10 liter atm are ideal. The value of R is 8.31 J/mol•K.
(c) w = +30 liter atm Ni(s) + 4 CO (g) → Ni(CO)4(g)
(d) w = -30 liter atm (a) 1.80 x 103 J
(e) The answer cannot be calculated. (b) 8.68 x 103 J
54. A system suffers an increase in internal (c) -1.80 x 103 J
energy of 80 J and at the same time has 50 J of (d) -8.68 x 103 J
work done on it. What is the heat change of the (e) -494 J
system? 59. All of the following have a standard heat of
(a) +130 J formation value of zero at 25oC and 1.0
(b) +30 J atm except:
(c) -130 J (a) N2(g)
(d) -30 J (b) Fe(s)
(e) 0 J (c) Ne(g)
55. A 5.000 g sample of methanol, CH3OH, was (d) H(g)
combusted in the presence of excess oxygen in a (e) Hg(l)
bomb calorimeter conaining 4000 g of water. The
temperature of the water increased from
 60. For which of the following reactions would 64. Estimate the heat of reaction at 298 K for the
the ΔHo for the reaction be labeled ΔHfo? reaction shown, given the average bond energies
(a) Al(s) + 3/2 H2(g) + 3/2 O2(g) → Al(OH)3(s) below.
(b) PCl3(g) + 1/2 O2(g) → POCl3(g) Br2(g) + 3F2(g) → 2BrF3(g)
(c) 1/2 N2O(g) + 1/4 O2(g) → NO(g) Bond Bond Energy
(d) CaO(s) + SO2(g) CaSO3(s) Br-Br 192 kJ
(e) The ΔHo for all these reactions would be F-F 158 kJ
labeled ΔHfo.
Br-F 197 kJ
61. Calculate ΔHo for the reaction:
Na2O(s) + SO3(g) → Na2SO4(g) (a) -516 kJ
given the following information: (b) -410 kJ
(c) -611 kJ
ΔHo (d) -665 kJ
(e) -720 kJ
(1) Na(s) + 65. What is the standard entropy change of the
reaction below at 298 K with each compound at
H2O(l) → NaOH(s) + 1/2 -146 kJ
the standard pressure?
H2(g)
N2(g) + 3H2(g) → 2NH3(g)
(2) Na2SO4(s) + o
S 298 (J/mol K) 191.5 130.6 192.3
H2O(l) → 2NaOH(s) + +418 kJ (a) -198.7 J/K
SO3(g) (b) 76.32 J/K
(c) 303.2 J/K
(3) 2Na2O(s) + (d) -129.7 J/K
2H2(g) → 4Na(s) + +259 kJ (e) 384.7 J/K
2H2O(l) 66. The entropy will usually increase when
I. a molecule is broken into two or more smaller
(a) +255 kJ molecules.
(b) -435 kJ II. a reaction occurs that results in an increase in
(c) -581 kJ the number of moles of gas.
(d) +531 kJ III. a solid changes to a liquid.
(e) -452 kJ IV. a liquid changes to a gas.
62. Calculate ΔHorxn for the following reaction at (a) I only
25.0 oC: (b) II only
Fe3O4(s) + CO(g) → 3FeO(s) + CO2(g) (c) III only
(d) IV only
- (e) I, II, III, and IV
ΔHfo (kJ/mol) -1118 -272 -393.5
110.5 67. Calculate ΔGo for the reaction given the
(a) -263 kJ following information:
(b) 54 kJ 2SO2(g) + O2(g) → 2SO3(g)
(c) 19 kJ ΔGfo for SO2(g) = -300.4 kJ/mol
(d) -50 kJ ΔGfo for SO3(g) = -370.4 kJ/mol
(e) 109 kJ (a) -70.0 kJ
63. Calculate the standard heat of formation, Δ (b) +70.0 kJ
Hfo, for FeS2(s), given the following information: (c) -670.8 kJ
2FeS2(s) + 5O2(g) → 2FeO(s) + 4SO2(g) (d) -140.0 kJ
ΔHorxn = -1370 kJ (e) +140.0 kJ
ΔHfo for SO2(g) = -297 kJ/mol 68. For the following reaction at 25oC, Δ Ho =
ΔHfo for FeO(s) = -268 kJ/mol +115 kJ and ΔSo = +125 J/K. Calculate ΔGo for
(a) -177 kJ the reaction at 25o.
(b) -1550 kJ SBr4(g) → S(g) + 2Br2(l)
(c) -774 kJ (a) +152 kJ
(d) -686 kJ (b) -56.7 kJ
(e) +808 kJ (c) +77.8 kJ
(d) +37.1 kJ
(e) -86.2 kJ 75. Which statement is false?
[Link] heat of vaporization of freon, CCl2F2, is (a) The thermodynamic quantity most easily
17.2 kJ/mol at 25oC. What is the change of measured in a "coffee cup" calorimeter is ΔH.
entropy for one mole of liquid freon when it (b) No work is done in a reaction occurring in a
vaporizes at 25oC? (Hint: The vaporization bomb calorimeter.
process is at equilibrium and what is true for ΔG (c) Δ H is sometimes exactly equal to ΔE.
at equilibrium?) (d) Δ H is often nearly equal to ΔE.
(a) 57.7 J/K (e) Δ H is equal to ΔE for the reaction:
(b) 0.688 J/K 2H2(g) + O2(g) → 2H2O(g)
(c) 5.13 x 103 kJ/K
(d) 3.16 J/K 76. The combustion of ethane (C2H6) is
(e) 239 J/K represented by the equation:
70. Estimate the boiling point of Br2(l) (ΔH = 30.9 2C2H6(g) + 7O2(g) → 4CO2(g) + 6H2O(l)
kJ; Δ S = 93.0 J/K). In this reaction:
Br2(l) → Br2(g) (a) the rate of consumption of ethane is seven
(a) 85oC times faster than the rate of consumption of
(b) 373oC oxygen.
(c) 177oC (b) the rate of formation of CO2 equals the rate of
(d) 59oC formation of water.
(e) 44oC (c) water is formed at a rate equal to two-thirds
[Link] the reaction, A + B → C, ΔHo = +30 the rate of formation of CO2.
kJ; ΔSo =+50J/K. (d) the rate of consumption of oxygen equals the
Therefore the reaction is: rate of consumption of water.
(a) spontaneous at all temperatures. (e) CO2 is formed twice as fast as ethane is
(b) nonspontaneous at all temperatures. consumed.
(c) spontaneous at temperatures less than 600 K. 77. The speed of a chemical reaction
(d) spontaneous at temperatures greater than (a) is constant no matter what the temperature is.
600 K. (b) is independent of the amount of contact
(e) spontaneous only at 25oC. surface of a solid involved.
72. How much heat is absorbed in the complete (c) between gases should in all cases be
reaction of 3.00 grams of SiO2 with excess extremely rapid because the average kinetic
carbon in the reaction below? ΔHo for the energy of the molecules is great.
reaction is +624.7 kJ. (d) between ions in aqueous solution is extremely
SiO2(s) + 3C(s) → SiC(s) + 2CO(g) rapid because there are no bonds that need to be
(a) 366 kJ broken.
(b) 1.13 x 105 kJ (e) varies inversely with the absolute
(c) 5.06 kJ temperature.
(d) 1.33 x 104 kJ 78. For a reaction 2A + B → 2C, with the rate
(e) 31.2 kJ equation: Rate = k[A]2[B]
73. The standard heat of combustion of ethanol, (a) the order with respect to A is 1 and the order
C2H5OH, is 1372 kJ/mol ethanol. How much heat overall is 1.
(in kJ) would be liberated by completely burning (b) the order with respect to A is 2 and the order
a 20.0 g sample? overall is 2.
(a) 686 kJ (c) the order with respect to A is 2 and the order
(b) 519 kJ overall is 3.
(c) 715 kJ (d) the order with respect to B is 2 and the order
(d) 597 kJ overall is 2.
(e) 469 kJ (e) the order with respect to B is 2 and the order
74. Which statement is incorrect? overall is 3.
(a) At constant pressure, Δ H = ΔE + PΔV 79. Given the following data for this reaction:
(b) The thermodynamic symbol for entropy is S. NH4+(aq) + NO2-(aq) → N2(g) + 2H2O(l)
(c) Gibbs free energy is a state function.
(d) For an endothermic process, Δ H is negative.
(e) If the work done by the system is greater than EXPT [NH4+] [NO2-] RATE
the heat absorbed by the system, Δ E is negative. 1 0.010 M 0.020 M 0.020 M/s
 2 0.015 M 0.020 M 0.030 M/s 85. Given that a reaction absorbs energy and has
an activation energy of 50 kJ/mol, which of the
3 0.010 M 0.010 M 0.005 M/s
following statements are correct? (Hint: Draw the
The rate law for the reaction is: potential energy diagram.)
(a) Rate = k[NH4+][NO2-] (1) The reverse reaction has an activation energy
(b) Rate = k[NH4+]2[NO2-]2 equal to 50 kJ/mol.
(c) Rate = k[NH4+]2[NO2-] (2) The reverse reaction has an activation energy
(d) Rate = k[NH4+][NO2-]2 less than 50 kJ/mol.
(e) none of the above (3) The reverse reaction has an activation energy
80. What are the units of k for the rate law: Rate greater than 50 kJ/mol.
= k[A][B]2, when the concentration unit is mol/L? (4) The change in internal energy is less than
(a) s-1 zero.
(b) s (5) The change in internal energy is greater than
(c) L mol-1 s-1 zero.
(d) L2 mol-2 s-1 (a) (1) and (4)
(e) L2 s2 mol-2 (b) (2) and (4)
81. Given: A + 3B → 2C + D (c) (3) and (4)
This reaction is first order with respect to reactant (d) (2) and (5)
A and second order with respect to reactant B. If (e) (3) and (5)
the concentration of A is doubled and the 86. If reaction A has an activation energy of 250
concentration of B is halved, the rate of the kJ and reaction B has an activation energy of 100
reaction would _____ by a factor of _____. kJ, which of the following statements must be
(a) increase, 2 correct?
(b) decrease, 2 (a) If reaction A is exothermic and reaction B is
(c) increase, 4 endothermic then reaction A is favored
(d) decrease, 4 kinetically.
(e) not change (b) At the same temperature the rate of reaction
82. The decomposition of carbon disulfide, CS2, B is greater than the rate of reaction A.
to carbon monosulfide, CS, and sulfur is first (c) The energy of reaction A must be greater than
order with k = 2.8 x 10-7 s-1 at 1000oC. the energy of reaction B.
CS2 → CS + S (d) The energy of reaction B must be greater than
What is the half-life of this reaction at the energy of reaction A.
1000oC? (e) The rate of reaction A at 25 oC equals the rate
(a) 5.0 x 107 s of reaction B at 100 oC.
(b) 4.7 x 10-6 s 87. If the activation energy in the forward direction
(c) 3.8 x 105 s of an elementary step is 52 kJ and the activation
(d) 6.1 x 104 s energy in the reverse direction is 74 kJ, what is
(e) 2.5 x 106 s the energy of reaction ΔE for this step?
83. The decomposition of dimethylether at 504 oC (a) 22 kJ
is first order with a half-life of 1570 seconds. What (b) -22 kJ
fraction of an initial amount of dimethylether (c) 52 kJ
remains after 4710 seconds? (d) -52 kJ
(a) 1/3 (e) 126 kJ
(b) 1/6 88. Suppose the reaction: A + 2B → AB2 occurs
(c) 1/8 by the following mechanism:
(d) 1/16
(e) 1/32 Step 1 A + B → AB slow
84. The half-life for a first-order reaction is 32 s. Step 2 AB + B → AB2 fast
What was the original concentration if, after 2.0 Overall A + 2B → AB2
minutes, the reactant concentration is 0.062 M? The rate law expression must be Rate =
(a) 0.84 M _________.
(b) 0.069 M (a) k[A]
(c) 0.091 M (b) k[B]
(d) 0.075 M (c) k[A][B]
(e) 0.13 M (d) k[B]2
(e) k[A][B]2
89. A possible mechanism for the reaction, 2A + 92. Suppose the activation energy of a certain
B → C + D, is: reaction is 250 kJ/mol. If the rate constant at T1 =
(1) A + A ⇌ A2 fast, equilibrium 300 K is k1 and the rate constant at T2 = 320 K is
k2, then the reaction is __ times faster at 320 K
(2) A2 + A → A3 slow than at 300 K. (Hint: Solve for k2/k1.)
(3) A3 + B → A + C + D fast (a) 3 x 10-29
According to the mechanism, the rate law will be: (b) 0.067
(a) Rate = k[A]2 (c) 15.0
(b) Rate = k[A][B] (d) 525
(c) Rate = k[A]2[B] (e) 3 x 10-28
(d) Rate = k[A] 93. What is the activation energy (in kJ) of a
(e) Rate = k[A]3 reaction whose rate constant increases by a
90. At 300 K, the following reaction is found to factor of 100 upon increasing the temperature
obey the rate law: Rate = k[NOCl]2: from 300 K to 360 K?
2NOCl → 2NO + Cl2 (a) 27
Consider the three postulated mechanisms given (b) 35
below. Then choose the response that lists all (c) 42
those that are possibly correct and no others. (d) 53
(e) 69
Mechanism 1 NOCl → NO + Cl slow
94. Most reactions are more rapid at high
Cl + temperatures than at low temperatures. This
fast
NOCl → NOCl2 is consistent with:
NOCl2 + (I) an increase in the activation energy with
fast increasing temperature.
NO → 2NO + Cl2
(II) an increase in the rate constant with
Overall:
increasing temperatures.
2NOCl → 2NO +
(III) an increase in the percentate of "high energy"
Cl2
collisions with increasing temperature.
2NOCl → NOCl2 + (a) only I
Mechanism 2 slow (b) only II
NO
NOCl2 → NO + Cl2 fast (c) only III
(d) only I and II
Overall: (e) only II and III
2NOCl → 2NO + 95. Which items correctly complete the following
Cl2 statement?
fast, A catalyst can act in a chemical reaction to:
Mechanism 3 NOCl ⇌ NO + Cl
equilibrium (I) increase the equilibrium constant.
NOCl + Cl → NO + (II) lower the activation energy.
slow (III) decrease ΔE for the reaction.
Cl2
Overall: (IV) provide a new path for the reaction.
(a) only I & II
2NOCl → 2NO +
(b) only II & III
Cl2
(c) only III & IV
(a) 2, 3 (d) only I & III
(b) 3 (e) only II & IV
(c) 1 96. A catalyst:
(d) 2 (a) actually participates in the reaction.
(e) 1, 2 (b) changes the equilibrium concentration of the
91. A correct reaction mechanism for a given products.
reaction usually is: (c) does not affect a reaction energy path.
(a) the same as its balanced chemical equation. (d) always decreases the rate for a reaction.
(b) obvious if its heat of reaction is known. (e) always increases the activation energy for a
(c) obvious if its reaction order is known. reaction.
(d) sometimes difficult to prove. 97. Which statement is false?
(e) obvious if its activation energy is known. (a) If a reaction is thermodynamically
spontaneous it may occur rapidly.
(b) If a reaction is thermodynamically
spontaneous it may occur slowly.
(c) Activation energy is a kinetic quantity rather
than a thermodynamic quantity.
(d) If a reaction is thermodynamically
nonspontaneous, it will not occur
spontaneously.
(e) If a reaction is thermodynamically
spontaneous, it must have a low
activation energy.
98. Which of the following statements are true?
(1) Reactions with more negative values
of ΔGo are spontaneous and proceed at
a higher rate than those with less
negative values of ΔGo.
(2) The activation energy, Ea, is usually about the
same as ΔE for a reaction.
(3) The activation energy for a reaction does not
change significantly as temperature
changes.
(4) Reactions usually occur at faster rates at
higher temperatures.
(a) 1, 2, 4
(b) 3, 4
(c) 1, 2, 3
(d) 2, 3, 4
(e) 1, 2, 3, 4
99. When the concentration of reactant molecules
is increased, the rate of reaction increases. The
best explanation is: As the reactant concentration
increases,
(a) the average kinetic energy of molecules
increases.
(b) the frequency of molecular collisions
increases.
(c) the rate constant increases.
(d) the activation energy increases.
(e) the order of reaction increases.
100. For the reaction, 2H2S(g) + O2(g) → 2S(s) +
2H2O(l), which one of the following statements
is absolutely true?
(a) The reaction is first order with respect to H2S
and second order with respect to O2.
(b) The reaction is fourth order overall.
(c) The rate law is: rate = k[H2S]2[O2].
(d) The rate law is: rate = k[H2S][O2].
(e) The rate law cannot be determined from the
information given.

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