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Uni Iso 2093

Tin plating standard

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2K views10 pages

Uni Iso 2093

Tin plating standard

Uploaded by

DInesh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
i : International Standard & 2093 IRTERIATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR STANOANDIZATIONOMERAYWAPOMWAA OF ADAIR CTAVAAPTAGAIGINSORUANTSATION NTERNATIONSLE OS ROMWALIATION Electroplated coatings of tin — Specification and test methods Dépsts électrotytiques aétain — Spécifcations et méthodes dessa’ Second edition — 1986-12-15 UDC 669.687 Ref. No. 1SO 2003-1986 (E) Descriptors: metal coatings, electrodeposited coatings, tn coatings, clasiications, specifications, tests, determination, thickness, adhesin, Price based on 8 pages Foreword 180 (the international Organization for Standardization) ie a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, govern ‘mental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work Droft Internetionel Stondards adopted by the technical committees are ciculated (0 the member bodies for approval before their acceptance as International Standards by the ISO Council. They are approved in accordance with ISO procedures requiring at st 75 % approval by the member bodies voting International Standard SO 2093 was prepered by Technical Committee ISO/TC 107, ‘Metalic and other non-organic coatings. ‘Ths second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 2089-1973), of which it constitutes a technical revision Users should note that all International Standards undergo revision from time to time ‘and that any reference made herein to any other International Stendard implies its latest edition, unless otherwise stated International Organization for Standardization, 1986 © Printed in Switzertand INTERNATIONAL STANDARD 1SO 2093-1986 (E) Electroplated coatings of tin methods 0 Introduction This International Standard specifies requirements for elec- troplated coatings of tin on fabricated metal articles to protect them from corrosion and to facilitate soldering, ‘Attention io drown to legislative requirements that exit in many countries for tin costings used in the food industry ‘Annex C gives additional information as quidance to the user. that the purchaser should state the Infor- smized in 4.1 and, if appropriate, 4.2. Specifying 180 2083 without this information is ineutficiant. 1 Scope and field of application This International Standard specifies requirements for elec ‘roplated coatings of nominally pure tin on fabricated metal ar ticles. The coatings may be dull or bright as electroplated or may be tlow-melted by fusion after electroplating, It dose not apply to a b threaded components: tin-coated copper wire c)_coatings on sheet, strip or wire in unfabricated form, or ‘on articles made from them: U) coatings on cull springs, ) coatings applied by autocatalytc oF f1_ electroplating of steels with tensile strength greater than 11 0a) Ma" {or of corresponaing nardness), because such steels are subject to hydrogen embrittlement (see 8.2), hemical_means. immersion, ectroless”) 2. References 1S0 1463, Metalic and oxide coatings — Measurement of coating thickness — Microscopical method. 180 2064, Metalic and other non-organic coatings — Defi nitions and conventions conceming the measurement of thickness. 21 At present atthe stage of dat. (Revision of ISO 2859-1974) — Specification and test 10.2177, Metalic coatings — Measurement of coating thicknace - Coulometrie method by anodic dissolution, 1S0 2819, Metalic coatinas on metalic substrates — Elec: trodeposited and chemically deposited coatings —Review of ‘methods available for testing adhesion. 180 2859, Sampling procedures and tables for inspection by at tributes 2: 180 3497, Metalic coatings — Measurements of coating thickness — X-ray spectrometric methods. 180 2542, Metalic and non metallic coatings — Measurements of thickness — Beta backscatter method. 'S0 3768, Metallic coatings — Neutral salt spray test (NSS test). 180 4519, Alectrodeposited metalic coatings and related finishes — Sampling procedures for inspection by attributes. 1S0 6988, Metallic and other non-organic coatings — Sulfur dioxide test with general condensation of moisture. IEC Publication 682-20, Basic environmental testing pro- cedures — Test T: Soldering. 3. Definitions For the purpose of this International Standard, the following definitions apoly. 3.1. significant surface: The part ofthe article covered or to 'be covered by the coating and for which the coating is essential for serviceability and/or appearance. (Definition taken from ISO 2064.) 3.2. flow-melting: fusing: flow-brightening; reflowing ‘A process by which a coating is melted in order to imoart desirable properties such as brightness or improved solder- ability (s90 clause C.4), 10 2003-1986 (E) 4 Information to be supplied by the purchaser to the electroplater 41° Esse I information The following information shall be supplied by the purchaser to the electroplater 2]. the number of this International Standard: bb) the nature of the basis material (see clause 6! the service condition number (see 7.1) or the classifi: cation code of the coating required (see 7.2); 4) _ the sianificant surface of the article to be electroplated indicated, for example, by drawings or by the provision of suitably marked samples: €} the sampling procedure to be adopted (see clause 6); 1) the positions where unavoidable contact marks and cother defects are acceptable (see 10.1; 49). the method of adhecion tocting to bo usd (e9e 10.3), 4.2 Additional information ‘The following additional information may be required and, ifs, ‘shall be specified by the purchas a) any heat treatment required (see clause 8); any requirements for porosity testing (see 10.4) <}_any requirement for solderabilty testing and the test ‘methods and conditions to be applied (see 10.6); Ud) any special requirements for undercouts (ste laws 9); fe} a sample showing the required finish (see 10.1); 4) any special pretreatment required: fo} any anacificranuiramants for the purty of the coating (see clauses 0 and C.5); h) any special packaging requi ponents; wonte for plated com- 0 ony epocial post plating treatment, 5 Basic material This International Standard specifies no requirements for the condition, finish or surface roughness ofthe basis material prior to electroplating (see C.2.1).. 6 Sampling ‘Sampling procedures are specified in ISO 2858 and ISO 4619 The method of samy 19 and acceptance levels shall be agreed between purchaser and supplier. 7 Classification 7.1 Service condition numbor ‘The service condition number indicates the severity of the ser- vice conditions in accordance with the following scale: 4. exceptionally severe — for example servicw outdoors in severe corrosive conditions or contact with food or drink ‘where a complete cover of tin has to be maintained against corrosion and abrasion (see C.1.1). 3+ severe — for example service outdaors in typical temperate conditions 2: moderate — for example service indoors with como ‘condensation 11 mild for exemple service indoors in dry atmospheres fr applications where solderabilty is the primary require- ment NOTE ~ See 10.2, which gives guidance on the relation between ser When specifying the service condition number or costing clessifiation code, it should be noted that tin is susceptible to damage in abrasive ‘environments or in those containing certain organic vapours. See also eat 7.2 Coating classification code The coating classification code shall consist of four parts, the {rst two of wich shall be separated by an oblique stroke, as follows: aibed were 8 indicates the chemical symbol forthe basis metal (or for the mein constituent fan alloy: indicates the chemical symbol for the undercoat metal (0 for the main vorstiveut fan alloy! followed by & figure {or its minimum coating thickness, in micrometres, and i omitted if no undercoat is reauired Isee 4.2 dl: «indicates the chemical symbol for tn, Sn, followed by 8 fire frie minirmim ticks, in rieeomatrs indicates the surface finish, by the symbol m if the coating is matt, or b if it is bright electroplated orf if its flow-melted. ‘An exemple is Fe/Ni2.5 Sn 5 which represents an iron or steel basis metal, with a 2,5 4m nickel undercoat, tin electroplated to 9 coating thickness of 5 im and flow-melted. 8 Heat treatment of steel 8.1. Stress relief before electroplating Severely cold-worked steel parts shall be stress relieved before ‘electroplating by heating for 1 h at 190 to 220 °C. ‘The properties of some steels which have been carburized, flame-hardened or induction-hardened and subsequently {ground would be impaired by this treatment and shall instead be stress relieved at a lower temperature, for example at 130 t0 180 °C for not less than 5 h 82 Hydrogen embrittlement relief after electroplating Because diffusion of hydrogen through tin is very slow, heat ‘treatment for hydrogen embrittlement rolic after electroplating is impractical. 9 Requirements for undercoats LUnelercants may he necessary on eariain hasis materials for any of the following reasons: 2) to prevent diffusion (see C.2.2 and C.2.3); bd to retain solderabily (see C.2.2, C.2.3 and C.2.4) ©) to ensure adhesion (see C.2.4 and C.2.51; 4) t0 improve protection ageinst corrosion Care should be taken to select an undercoat or undercoat system that will not confer undesirable properties such as em- brittlement of the basis material or finished article. For example the use of highly stressed nickel should be avolded. If tha hasis material isa eqpper allay containing zine a8 an allay. ing constituent, and solderable properties are required, a nickel ‘or copper undercoat of minimum local thickness 2,5 um is. essential in addition to the specified coating thickness of tin {see C.2.3}; such coatings may also be necessary to retain ‘good appearance and adhesion. If an undercoat is specified, its nature (see annex C) and ‘minimum local thickness (see 10.2) shall be specified by the purchaser. The thickness of the undercoat or undercoats shall be measured by the appropriate method specified in annex A, 180 2093-1986 (E) 10 Requirements for coatings 10.1 Appearance ‘When examined by the unsided eye or corrected vision the significant surfaces of the electroplated article shall be free from any visible defaote euch ac biistore, pito, roughness, ‘racks oF unelectroplated areas, and shall not be stained or discoloured, ‘The acceptability and positions of unavoidable contact marks and defects on nonsigeiicant surfaces shall be specitiod by the purchaser The finished article shall be clean and free from damage. The surface shall be of a smooth texture, free from nodules and, where tused, shall be tree trom dewetted areas necessary, a sample chowing the required finich chal be cup pled or approved by the purchaser. 10.2 Thickness Tin coatings are classified by thickness and for each service condition (see 7.1), minimum values are specified in the table (see also €.3.2) ‘The thickness of the coating shall be measured aver a reference: area (see 1SO 2064) by the appropriate method given in an- nex A on any part ofthe significant surface that can be touch- ed with @ 20 mm diameter ball In the case ot articles having @ significant surface area of 100 mm? or greater, the minimum thickness shall be regarded as the minimum value of local thickness. In the case of articles having a significant surface area of less than 100 mm2, the minimum thickness shall be regarded as the minimum value of average thickness. In the e080 of printed citeuit boords with electroplated-through holes, the requirements shall apply to the surfaces within the holes, as well as to the areas that can be touched with 20 mm diameter ball In the ease of flow-metted coatings, the thickness requirements apply to the as-electroplated condition, prior to flow-melting (See C.3.2., clause C.4 and annex A.) 5 im um | 1 Attention is drawn to the essential requirement ‘that contain zine a8 an alloying constituent Se0.6.2-4 ana 2.5 regaraing tne need to una a in clause 8 for undercoats on copper alloy basis materials Jerooat certain bass materials 1SO 2093-1986 (E) In case of dispute, the referee methods are as given in A.0.2 10.3. Adhesion When teoted by one of the methods described in annex 8, 02 specified by the purchaser, the coating shall not show signs of detachment. 10.4 Porosity If specified by the purchaser, coatings having @ minimum thickness of 10 um or greater stall be subjected 10 @ test as follows: a). for ferrous basis materials, the test given in 1SO 3768; b) for non-ferrous basis material, the test given in So 698s. In either case, there shall be no evidence of corrosion of the substrate when viewed with @ magnification of X3 (see C.1.1, 1.5 Solderability (see clause A.2) 105.1 Gen I materials and piece parts It specited by the purchaser, soiderabilty shall be tested in ac- cordance with method 1 of test Ta of IEC Publication 68-2-20, Using non-sctivated flux. Ht accelerated ageing before the testis required, the procedure shall be specified by the purchaser 10.5.2. Printed circuit boards If specified by the purchaser, a costing complying with this Imernational Standard on printed cicult boards shall be tested in accordance with test Te of IEC Publication 68-2-20, It accelerated ageing before the testis required, the procedure shall be specified by the purchaser. ISO 2093-1986 (F) Annex A Determination of coating thickness (This annex forms an integral part of the Standard.) A.0 Introductory notes 0.1. Routine methods Al the methods given in this annex are those which are con- sidered to have an adequate accuracy when properly used with samples suitable for the particular method. The method chosen for routine test purposes shall be one which is expected to yield the most rellable results considering such factors as coating thickness, shape of component, size of component, coating composition, hasis material, ate Other test methods may be used ift can be demonstrated that they are as good as or better than the methods given in this an- nex for the particular application A.0.2 Referee methods 0.2.1 General In cases of dispute, the methods designated for referee pur- poses shall be in accordance with A.0.2.2. to A.0.26. For the coulometric and analytical methods, the density of the tin shall be taken as 7.30 g/cm? even though this may result in a thickness value less than the true thickness, 0.2.2 Local thickness greeter than 9m Use the microscopical method specified in A.1.1 A.0.2.3 Local thickness less than 9 ym Use the coulometric method specified in A.1.2 if the coating surface ig suffciantly smooth and flat so that there is no leakage of the electrolyte at the cell-probe; otherwise use the microscopical method specified in A.1.1 NOTE — For the coulomeric measurement of undercoats, ts essen sl to remove the tn fist. This canbe accomplished by the Coulomatic dissolution of the tn coating or by sipping as described for the analytical method specitid in clause 2. 0.2.4 Average thickness of tin on copper, nickel or stool Use the analytical method specifiad in A? 2.0.25 Average thicknass of undarcoat and of fin an tundercoats on basis material such as aluminium Use the coulometric method specified in A.1.2 if the coating surface is sufficiently smooth and flat so that there is no lookoge of the electrolyte at the call probe; otherwice uce the microscopical method specified in A.1.1. The microsection ‘hal traverse the centre of the test specimen, and at least five evenly spaced measurements shall be made along the mmicrosection. The Use the microscopical method specified in A.1.1 microsection shall be parallel to the axis ofthe hole and perpen: dicular to the surface where the coating or layer is to be measured {ace ISO 1463) A.1 Measurement of local thickness A.1.1 Microscopical method Use the metnod speciied in ISU 1463, with the overpiating procedure, overplating with not less than 10 jim of copper. ‘This method is stated to have an accuracy of £0,8 jum or, for thicknesses greater than 25 im, to within 5 % A.1.2. Coulometric method Use the method specified in ISO 2177. This method is stated to be normally eceurate to within 10 %. 1.3. Bota backscatter method Use the method specified in ISO 3643, which requires the ‘equipment and its operation to be such that the coating thickness can be determined to within 10 % of its tue value: this accuracy Is dependent on the mass per unit area of the coating and the effective atomic number of the basis materia. AAA X-ray spectrometric method Use the method specified in ISO 3497, which requires the in- strument, its calibration and its operation to be such that the Coating thickness can be determined to within 10 % of its true value. 2 Measurement of average thickness A21 Principle ‘A suitable coated specimen (or number of specimens, if small) of known eurface area ie cleaned, weighed, stripped of coating by chemical dissolution and re-weighed, ‘The method is not generally suitable for coatings on small parts ‘oF on certain metals (see C.2.5). In appropriate cases, the ‘average of 2 number of microsection determinations should be used for the determination of average thickness (sae ISO 2064). A22 Reagents During the analysis, use only reagents of recognized analytical ‘grade and only distiled water or water of equivalent purty 180 2093-1986 (E) A.2.2.1 For stripping trom tron basis materials and nickel undercoats Dissolve 20 g of antimony trioxide in 1 000 mi of cold concen trated hydrochloric acid {g = 1,16 to 1,18 g/ml. NOTE — Articles tipped using tie solution may nat be euitable for A.2.2.2 For stripping from copper and copper alloys Hot (minimum 90 °C) concentrated hydrochloric acid (0 10 1,18 g/m. 1.16 A23 Test specimen Use a test specimen or specimens of total surface area suffi cient to give @ mass loss of not less than 0,1.g, the area of which can be measured to an accuracy of 2% oF better Remove all sol from the test specimen by washing it in a suitable solvent or by vapour degreasing A24 Procedure immersed for 2 min after the evolu 1 uf gas has Ceased. Remove from the solution, wash thoroughly in running water brushing off any smut. Dry and weigh to the nearest 0,001 g A242 For coppar and copper alloys Weigh the cleaned test specimen 1A.2.3) to the nearest 0,001 g, immerse it in the stripping solution (A.2.2.2) and remove immediately the coating has completely dissolved, Wash thoroughly in running weter, dry ond weigh to the nearest 0,001 g A25 Expression of results ‘The coating thickness, in micrometres, is given by the formula (my - mg) 2 x 137 x 108 ‘m, is the mass, in grams, of the test specimen before stripp ing; ‘my_ is the mass, in grams, of the test specimen after stripping ; [a2 0 Fon ron baste] sora eel oral rear Ale the surface area, in cquare milimetros, of the toot ‘on copper and copper alloys ean Weigh the cleaned test specimen (A.2.3) to the nesrost 137 x 108 ie a factor booed on the density, 7,20 g/em?, of 0,001 g, immerse itn the stripping solution (A.2.2.1) and leave tin Annex B Adhesion tests (This annex forms an integral part of the Standard.) B.1_ Burnishing test Apply the method described in ISO 2819 to an area of not more than 600 mr? ofthe significant surface. NOTE — An agate dental spatula with a handle 60 to 100 mm ong and ‘agate blade 20 10 AD mm long, 849 10 mm wil, ant sharpanael 10 8 Slightly radhused edge has been found to be @ very satistactory bur ishing too. B.2 Bend test Pace the sample in a suitable machine, capable of applying @ bend of radius 4 mm to the sample (or in the Jaws of @ sultable 6 vice). Bend the sample through 90° and back to its original position. Carry out this procedure three times. Examine the specimen for signs of detachment of the coating. 8.3 Thermal shock test CAUTION — This toat may havo an adverse affect on the mechanical properties of the article tested. Accordingly. the thermal shock test specimen shall not be used for other tests. Use the method described in I$ 2818. 150 2093-1986 (E) lance notes (This annex does not form part of the Standard.) These notes ara intended ta draw the attention of the user ta @) certain properties of tin which, if not understood, may lead to inappropriate use of the coating I properties and preparation of the substrate; €} electroplating prectice. C.1 Properties of the coating C11 General Tin coatings ate soft and easily abraded. Some corrosion of tin may be expected in certain outdoor exposure conditions and, therefore, deposit thicknesses considerably greater than those specified for a given service condition may be required. The thicknozsae specified inthe table are minimum values and the use of thicknesses greater than those specified may be required. In nor- imal indoor exposure, tin gives protection to most metals except, especially on ferrous metals, at discontinuities and pore sites in the coating. The porosity of an electroplated coating is governed not only by its thickness but also by such variables as the condition of the basis material and general electroplating practice, and this should be borne in mind when specifying the porosity test Clectroplated coatings covered by this Intemational Standard can provide thinner or thicker coatings then those normally obtained by hot-

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