Bored Piling
Pre-Drilling - Site Investigation
Pre-boring will be carried out at each location to ascertain the target founding level.
Rotary rig drilling operations incorporate the use of a steel core that is used when a core
sample is required. Another type of boreing is called “Wash Bore” or “Percussive Bore”
which simply means that a bore is flushed out and is used when no soil sample is
required. Typical rates are...
Type of Strata Plant Used Rate (m/hr)
Top soft deposits of site fill Percussive / Rotary 10.00
Grade V/IV rock deposits Wash Boring 3.15
Triple Tube Sampling 0.75
Grade III/II rock deposits Rotary 0.50
Triple Tube Sampling 0.50
With a standard rig, working a 12 hour shift, a typical output rate of 66 hrs/hole/rig is possible.
As-Built Information. On Central Reclamation, Contract UA11/91, borehole drilling
completed with the following results...
1. Average depth of 61.15 m, total depth of 428 m
2. Average rock socket depth of 4.65 m
3. The durations ranged from 4 to 8 days
4. Average of 5.85 days, total duration of 41 days.
The Target Founding level
This is defined as the required socket into the bedrock, which is defined as moderately
decomposed rock grade III or better with a core recovery greater than 85% (allowable
bearing capacity of 5 mPa). The continuity of the founding rock is demonstrated by
continuing the pre-bored hole a maximum of 5 metres or 3 times the pile diameter,
whichever is the greater.
The cores are logged, stored and photographed and submitted together with proposed
founding levels for approval.
Setting Out
Before starting excavation at the pile position the following steps are taken:
Survey and record the existing ground level at the pile position
Setout the pile location from the reference points and in order to monitor the position of
the steel casing, control pins are usually established at two orthogonal positions, offset
from the centre of the pile.
Pile Tolerances
In the case of out of position casings, adjustment can be made to keep the vertical
alignment and plan position within the limits of no more than 75 mm off-centre on plan
position and not deviating by more than 1:75 from the vertical axis.
Pile Excavation / Casings
The shaft of the pile is excavated within a temporary steel casing with an outside
diameter of say approximately 200 - 300 mm greater than the pile diameter. The casing
is used mainly in areas of unstable ground and are driven using hydraulic casing
oscillator attached to a crawler crane or a casing vibrator.
Shaft excavation is carried out using a single or double hammer grab supported by
crawler crane. The steel casing toe is kept in front of the excavation level until it is 0.5
metres above the pile cut-of level. The pile shaft is often flooded with bentonite or water
and excavation proceeds to the top of the CDG.
Excavation then proceeds by reverse circulation drilling (RCD) using large diameter
drilling heads with special rock cutters and flushing by air lift. Bentonite or water levels
are always maintained above the ground water level to ensure stability of the shaft.
Calculation Of Bored Pile Construction / Excavation Time
Piling times can be reduced by the use of service cranes for reinforcement and concreting
activities.
An additional extended shift would often be required for certain piles, as would RCD
down-time.
Forecast construction times can be derived by using output rates (hours per item)...
Operation Element Details Hours
Add or Remove Reverse Circulation Drill Plant (RCD) incl drill bit 2 hrs
(incl assembly of drill
Add or Remove RCD drill bit 5 hrs
string)
(incl drill string &
RCD bell-out bit 5 hrs
stabilizers)
Installation Airlift tremie tube 5 hrs
(time for joining each
Reinforcement cages 2 hrs
cage)
(after finishing
Cleaning Time Initial airlift cleaning 8 hrs
excavation)
Final airlift cleaning (after fixing steel cage) 2 hrs
Concreting Incl extract casing ( < 70 m deep) 12 hrs
( > 70 and < 95 m deep) 14 hrs
( > 95 and < 135 m deep) 48 hrs
Only required prior to removal of
Curing Time 72 hrs
telescopic casings
Cycle Time Move piling setup to next location 2 hrs
Shaft Rate
Strata Plant Used
Excavation (m/hr)
General Fill (upper ground levels) Grab 3.50 m/hr
Sand, Minor Rubble Grab 2.10 m/hr
Marine / Alluvium Deposits Grab 2.50 m/hr
CDG < 150 RCD/Grab 1.50 m/hr
CDG > 150 < 200 RCD 1.00 m/hr
CDG > 200, Compacted Gravel RCD 0.50 m/hr
CDT RCD / Grab 0.50 m/hr
Core stones RCD / Chisel 0.50 m/hr
Rock Socket - Grade IV/V RCD 0.25 m/hr
Rock Socket - Grade II/III RCD 0.125 m/hr
Rock Socket - (Tendering Rate) RCD 0.10 m/hr
Forecast excavation or cycle times can then be derived by analysing ground
conditions. Site investigation will provide the depths / types of strata which can then be
matched to production output rates (see above).
Note - A pile’s diameter has negligible effect on production time and as such is ignored.
Example - For a pile founding on rock at 60 m deep...
(a) Calculate Allowance For Plant Time / Other Elements (hrs)....
Bored Piling
Posted Tue, 2011-07-19 19:02 by Technical Develop...
Bored Piling
Task / Description Slow Ave Fast Units
Cycle Time, 5-20m deep 8.0 4.0 4.0 days/no
Cycle Time, 20-40m deep 10.0 8.0 - days/no
Cycle Time, 40-70m deep 25.0 10.0 - days/no
Cycle Time, 70-90m deep 45.0 25.0 - days/no
Cycle Time, 90-135m deep 60.0 45.0 - days/no
Move piling setup to next location - 2.0 - hrs
Excave shaft by grab, general fill/uppr levels - 3.5 - m/hr
Excave shaft by grab, sand/minor rubble - 2.1 - m/hr
Excave shaft by grab, marinve/aluvium - 2.5 - m/hr
Excave shaft by grab/RCD, CDT - 0.5 - m/hr
Excave shaft by grab/RCD, CDG <150 - 1.5 - m/hr
Excave shaft by RCD, CDG 150-200 - 1.0 - m/hr
Excave shaft by RCD, CDG >200/gravel - 0.5 - m/hr
Excave shaft by RCD/Chisel, corestones - 0.5 - m/hr
Excave Rock Socket by RCD, grade IV/V rock - 0.2 0.3 m/hr
Excave Rock Socket by RCD, grade II/III rock - 0.1 0.2 m/hr
Excave Rock Socket by RCD, tendering rate - 0.1 - m/hr
Add/remove RCD plant - 2.0 - hrs
Add/remove RCD drill string/drill bit - 5.0 - hrs
Remove Obstruction, above water hand hammers - 0.8 - m/hr
Remove Obstruction, below water heavy chisel - 0.5 - m/hr
Concrete Plug, RCD off/tremmie/concrete/cure/RCD on 60.0 53.0 50.0 hrs
Install air lift tremmie tube - 5.0 - hrs
Fabricate reinforcement cages - 2.5 - hs/cage
Install reinforcement cages - 2.0 - hrs/no
Shaft cleaning, air lifting after excavation - 8.0 - hrs
Shaft cleaning, air lifting after cage installed - 2.0 - hrs
Shaft concreting/extract casing 5-70m deep - 12.0 - hrs
Shaft concreting/extract casing 70-95m deep - 14.0 - hrs
Shaft concreting/extract casing 95-135m deep - 48.0 - hrs
Concrete curing prior to remove telescopic casing - 72.0 - hrs
Concrete Testing, Coring Test - 3.2 2.2 m/hr
Concrete Testing, Sonic Logging Test - 2.5 - hrs/no
Concrete Testing, Vibration Test - 6.5 - hrs/
Sheet Piling
Posted Fri, 2009-02-06 05:54 by Technical Develop...
Sheet Piling On reclamation, sand fill, sheet piling by crane and drop hammer, vibro hammer or
diesel hammer.
A rate of 20 - 25 No/day to 20 to 35 m deep.
1 no = 0.4 m wide on plan and 6 m long.
Therefore 8 - 10 m/day per rig is achievable.
On more difficult areas, such as through existing ground or a sea wall for example.
A rate of 10 - 12 No/day to 20 m deep.
Therefore 4 - 6 m/day per rig is achievable.
For more shallow sheet pile walls
Driven by - Pilemaster 60.0 m/day
Driven by - Automatic Drop Hammer 32.0 m/day
Steel for piles is usually readily available and a two week lead in is often all that is required.
Sheet Piling
Task / Description Slow Ave Fast Units
Vibro/Drop Hammer, 10m deep Sand - 55.0 60.0 m/day
Vibro/Drop Hammer, 35m deep Sand 3.5 32.0 10.5 m/day
