CEPI - Definitions Page 1 of 3
Definitions
Pulp Definitions
Paper Definitions
Other Definitions
Pulp Definitions
MECHANICAL PULPS
Stone groundwood Pulp produced by grinding wood into relatively short
fibres. This pulp is used mainly in newsprint and
woodcontaining papers, like LWC (light-weight
coated) and SC papers.
Thermo-mechanical (TMP) Pulp produced in a thermo-mechanical process where
wood particles are softened by steam before entering a
pressurised refiner. TMP has mainly the same end-
uses as stone groundwood. Variants of the above two
processes produce pressurised stone groundwood pulp
and refiner mechanical pulp.
SEMI-CHEMICAL PULPS
Semi-chemical Pulp produced in a two-stage process which involves
partial digestion with chemicals, followed by
mechanical treatment in a disc refiner. This pulp is
mainly used in the production of fluting medium for
corrugated board.
Chemi-thermomechanical Pulp produced in a similar way to TMP, but the wood
(CTMP) particles are chemically treated before entering the
refiner. This pulp has properties suited to tissue
manufacture. Some CTMP is used in printing and
writing grades. CTMP is classified under semi-
chemical pulps in the Harmonised System of the
Customs Co-operation Council. In the FAO, as well as
in other industry statistics, such chemi-
thermomechanical pulps are grouped with mechanical
pulp.
CHEMICAL PULPS
Sulphite Pulp produced by cooking wood chips in a pressure
vessel in the presence of bisulphite liquor. End-uses
range from newsprint, printing and writing papers,
tissue and sanitary papers. Sulphite can be either
bleached or unbleached.
Sulphate (or kraft) Pulp produced by cooking wood chips in pressure
vessels in the presence of a sodium hydroxide (soda)
liquor. The pulp may be unbleached or bleached. End-
uses are widespread, with bleached pulp particularly
used for graphic papers, tissue and carton boards.
Unbleached pulp is commonly used in liner for
corrugated board, wrappings, sack and bag papers,
envelopes and other unbleached speciality papers.
OTHER PULPS
Pulp produced from fibres other than wood, such as sugar cane bagasse, wheat straw,
kenaf, cotton rags and hemp.
DEINKED PULPS
Pulp made from recovered paper from which inks and other contaminants have been
removed.
PULPWOOD -SOLID UNDER BARK
The volume of wood excluding the bark.
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Paper Definitions
GRAPHIC PAPERS
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Newsprint Paper mainly used for printing newspapers. It is made
largely from mechanical pulp and/or recovered paper,
with or without a small amount of filler. Weights
usually range from 40 to 52g/m² but can be as high as
65g/m². Newsprint is machinefinished or slightly
calendered, white or slightly coloured and is used in
reels for letterpress, offset or flexo-printing.
Uncoated mechanical Paper suitable for printing or other graphic purposes
where less than 90% of the fibre furnish consists of
chemical pulp fibres. This grade is also known as
groundwood or wood-containing paper and magazine
paper, such as heavily filled super-calendered paper
for consumer magazines printed by the rotogravure
and offset methods.
Uncoated woodfree Paper suitable for printing or other graphic purposes,
where at least 90% of the fibre furnish consists of
chemical pulp fibres. Uncoated woodfree paper can be
made from a variety of furnishes, with variable levels
of mineral filler and a range of finishing processes
such as sizing, calendering, machine-glazing and
watermarking. This grade includes most office papers,
such as business forms, copier, computer, stationery
and book papers. Pigmented and size press “coated ”
papers (coating less than 5g per side) are covered by
this heading.
Coated papers All paper suitable for printing or other graphic
purposes and coated on one or both sides with
minerals such as china clay (kaolin), calcium
carbonate, etc. Coating may be by a variety of
methods, both on-machine and off-machine, and may
be supplemented by super-calendering.
SANITARY AND HOUSEHOLD
This covers a wide range of tissue and other hygienic papers for use in households or
commercial and industrial premises. Examples are toilet paper and facial tissues,
kitchen towels, hand towels and industrial wipes. Some tissue is also used in the
manufacture of baby nappies, sanitary towels, etc. The parent reel stock is made from
virgin pulp or recovered fibre or mixtures of these. It is reported in the production
statistics at parent reel weight before conversion to finished products. Import and
export statistics however take into account trade in both parent reels and finished
products.
PACKAGING
Case materials Papers and boards mainly used in the manufacture of
corrugated board. They are made from any
combination of virgin and recovered fibres and can be
bleached, unbleached or mottled. Included are
kraftliner, testliner, semi-chemical fluting, and waste-
based fluting (Wellenstoff).
Carton board May be single or multiply, coated or uncoated. It is
made from virgin and/or recovered fibres, and has
good folding properties, stiffness and scoring ability. It
is mainly used in cartons for consumer products such
as frozen food and for liquid
Wrappings (up to 150 g/m²) Papers whose main use is wrapping or packaging
made from any combination of virgin or recovered
fibres, bleached or unbleached. They may be subject to
various finishing and/or marking processes. Included
are sack kraft, other wrapping krafts, sulphite and
grease-proof papers.
Other papers mainly for This category embraces all paper and board mainly for
packaging purposes packaging purposes other than those listed above.
Most are produced from recovered fibres, e.g.
greyboards, and go for conversion, which in some
cases may be for end-uses other than packaging.
OTHER
Other paper and board for industrial and special purposes. This category includes
cigarette papers and filter papers, as well as gypsum liners and special papers for
waxing, insulating, roofing, asphalting, and other specific applications or treatments.
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CEPI - Definitions Page 3 of 3
Other Definitions
DEFINITIONS
Investments Investments should include: the acquisition,
construction, preparation, enhancement or replacement
of roads, buildings and other structures; the
acquisition, installation or replacement of movable or
immovable plant, machinery and apparatus and
vehicles.
FORMULAS
Pulp Consumption Internal deliveries + Imports from outside CEPI.
Paper and Board
Internal deliveries + Imports from outside CEPI.
Consumption
Recovered Paper Utilisation: use of recovered paper as raw
material.
Recovery: principle of waste management
policy including reuse, material recycling,
composting and energy recovery as well as
exports for similar purposes.
Recycling: reprocessing of recovered paper in a
production process for the original purpose or
for other purposes, including composting but
excluding energy recovery.
Collection: separate collection of paper and
paper products from industrial and commercial
outlets, from households and offices for
recovery. (Collection includes transport to the
sorting or recycling plant/paper mill.)
Apparent collection: utilisation plus exports
minus imports of recovered paper.
Utilisation rate: percentage of recovered paper
utilisation compared to the total paper
production.
Collection rate: percentage of apparent
collection compared to the total paper
consumption.
Recycling rate: percentage of recovered paper
utilisation compared to total paper consumption.
Utilisation by sector: total utilisation of
recovered paper in a sector as percentage of the
overall recovered paper use.
GROUPS OF RECOVERED PAPER GRADES
According to the EN 643 “European List of Standard Grades of Recovered Paper and
Board”, the following is the official paper grade.
Mixed
1.01, 1.02, 1.03, 5.01, 5.02, 5.03, 5.05
Grades
Corrugated
1.04, 1.05, 4.01, 4.02, 4.03, 4.04, 4.05, 4.06, 4.07, 4.08, 5.04
and Kraft
Newspapers
and 1.06, 1.07, 1.08, 1.09, 1.10, 1.11, 2.01, 2.02
Magazines
High 2.03, 2.04, 2.05, 2.06, 2.07, 2.08, 2.09, 2.10, 2.11, 2.12, 3.01, 3.02, 3.03,
Grades 3.04, 3.05, 3.06, 3.07, 3.08, 3.09, 3.10, 3.11, 3.12, 3.13, 3.14, 3.15, 3.16,
3.17, 3.18, 3.19, 5.06, 5.07
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