GLOBAL WARMING
The world in this recent time is hotter that is caused of global warming
which the global average temperature on the surface of the Earth has increased by
0.74 ± 0.18 ° C (1.33 ± 0.32 ° F) over the past hundred years. Global warming is a
process of increasing the average temperature of the atmosphere, sea, and land of
the Earth that is caused by the gas emissions of greenhouse, Increasing of carbon
monoxide gas, and forest destruction that can make effect in the human living
itself in this world.
Greenhouse gases
Firstly, greenhouse is a house that made of glass or plastic greenhouse,
it became hot because the electromagnetic radiation coming from the sun heated
plants, soil, and other items in the building. On Earth, an atmosphere that contains
of greenhouse gases amounts that naturally happen will causes the air temparature
near the surface will warmer up around 33 ° C or 59 ° F. The main greenhouse gas
is water vapor, which causes around 36–70% of the greenhouse effect; carbon
dioxide (CO2), which causes 9-26%; methane (CH4), which causes 4-9%; and
ozone (O3), which causes 3-7%. Human activity since the Industrial Revolution
has increased the amount of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, which has led to
increased coercion of radiation from CO2, methane, tropospheric ozone, CFCs,
and nitrous oxide.
Greenhouse gases include water vapor, carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide
and methane which are gases that block the reflection of the sun's heat which
takes the form of infra red long waves to space. We know, that all the energy who
comes to the earth is coming from the sun then most of those energy is forming in
short-wave radiation, including visible light. When this energy arrives at the
surface of the Earth, it changes from light to heat that warms the Earth. The
surface of the Earth, will absorb some of the heat and reflect back the rest, but
because of the greenhouse gases that stay in the earth atmosphere, the heat can’t
back in the space and the greenhouses gasses will absorb and reflect back the
radiation waves that emitted by Earth and as a result the heat will be stored on the
surface of the Earth. This situation will continues so that it causes the annual
average temperature of the earth continues to increase. These gases function like
gas in a greenhouse. With the increasing concentration of these gases in the
atmosphere, more heat is trapped below it. The greenhouse effect is needed by all
living things on earth, because without it, the planet will be very cold. With an
average temperature of 15 ° C (59 ° F), the earth actually has 33 ° C (59 ° F)
warmer than its original temperature, if there is no greenhouse effect the earth's
temperature is only -18 ° C so that the ice will cover the entire Earth surface. But
on the contrary, if these gases have been excessive in the atmosphere, it will cause
global warming.
Increasing of Carbon Monoxide Gas
Carbon monoxide or usually called in chemical formula as CO, is a gas
that is colorless, odorless, and tasteless. It consists of one carbon atom which
covalently binds to one oxygen atom. In this bond, there are two covalent bonds
and one coordination covalent bond between carbon and oxygen atoms. Carbon
monoxide is produced from incomplete combustion of carbon compounds, often
in internal combustion engines. Carbon monoxide is formed when there is a lack
of oxygen in the combustion process. Carbon monoxide is flammable and
produces a blue flame, produces carbon dioxide and it is toxic.
The cause of global warming is caused by human activities themselves, the
more densely populated people around the world and the human population
continues to grow, the number of motorized vehicles will always increase. The
effect of motor vehicles is very influential for global warming because the gas
released by motorized vehicles is carbon monoxide gas which is very dangerous
for human health and carbon monoxide gas also causes the greenhouse effect.
carbon monoxide gas is what has a great effect on global warming because carbon
dioxide is a gas that captures hot light so that it can not be channeled again into
space. The effect has an adverse effect on health because of the amount of
pollution in the environment where the majority of the population lives on the
edge of the raod.
Forest Destruction
Forest theft carried out by irresponsible people who are not used properly,
who use land carelessly, illegal logging, and deforestation. This is indeed very
influential in global warming, the more frequent the forests theft, the more
polluted in surrounding environment that can cause impacts due to forest
destruction and respiratory damage. The theft results in a shortage of trees and a
lack of trees that can cause global warming, because trees can also help to
overcome the heat temperature and breathe in carbon dioxide which causes global
warming. Trees have an important function for the environment, because trees can
make the environment cool, reduce pollution, and away from air pollution.
Forest destruction will cause global warming. Because the forest has a
function that will absorb carbon dioxide gas and produce oxygen. If more and
more there is illegal logging, the deforestation of the amount of carbon dioxide
will be more carbon gathered in the atmosphere which will cause global warming.
So the need for reforestation and reforestation in the forest so that the trees around
the forest can thrive and be faster, so that it can reduce global warming a little
because of the many trees that will absorb carbon dioxide gas and produce
oxygen.
Effect
The effects of global warming are the environmental and social changes
caused by human emissions of greenhouse gases, Increasing of carbon monoxide
gas, Forest Destruction can bring the effect in human living in this world, such as
the climate is starting to be unstable, the rise of sea level, and social and politics
impact.
Firstly, Scientists estimate that during global warming, the northern part of
the northern hemisphere (Northern Hemisphere) will heat up more than other
regions on Earth. As a result, the icebergs will melt and the land will shrink. There
will be less ice floating in the northern waters. Areas that have experienced light
snow may not experience it again. In the mountains in the subtropical region, the
part covered with snow will be less and will melt faster. The planting season will
be longer in some areas. Temperatures in winter and night will tend to increase.
A warm area will become more moist because more water evaporates from
the ocean. Scientists are not yet so sure whether the moisture will actually
increase or decrease further warming. This is because water vapor is a greenhouse
gas, so its presence will increase the insulation effect on the atmosphere.
However, more water vapor will also form more clouds, so that it will reflect the
Sun's light back into outer space, where this will reduce the heating process (see
water cycle). High humidity will increase rainfall, on average, by about 1 percent
to every degree Fahrenheit warming. Worldwide rainfall has increased by 1
percent in the last hundred years. The storm will become more frequent. In
addition, water will evaporate faster from the soil. As a result, some areas will
become drier than before. The wind will blow faster and maybe with a different
pattern. A hurricane that gets its strength from evaporation of water will be even
greater. Contrary to warming, some very cold periods may occur. Weather pattern
became unpredictable and seems more extreme.
Secondly, When the atmosphere warms, the surface layer of the ocean will
also warm up, so that the volume will increase and increase the sea level. Heating
will also melt a lot of polar ice, especially around Greenland, which further
increases the volume of water in the sea. Sea level worldwide has increased 10-25
cm (4-10 inches) during the 20th century, and IPCC scientists predict a further
increase of 9-88 cm (4-35 inches) in the 21st century.
Changes in sea level will greatly affect life in the coastal area. An increase
of 100 cm (40 inches) will sink 6 percent of the Netherlands, 17.5 percent of
Bangladesh, and many islands. Erosion of cliffs, beaches and sand dunes will
increase. When the ocean reaches the mouth of the river, flooding due to tides will
increase on land. Rich countries will spend very large funds to protect their
coastal areas, while poor countries may only be able to evacuate from coastal
areas. Even a slight increase in sea level will greatly affect the coastal ecosystem.
A 50 cm (20 inch) rise will sink half of the coastal marshes in the United States.
New swamps will also be formed, but not in urban areas and areas that have
already been built. This sea level rise will cover most of the Everglades, Florida.
Global warming also has an impact on the climate so that the climate will begin to
be unstable, because global warming can cause water to rise to the sea surface as a
result of melting at the poles, increasing atmospheric storms, and changing wind
patterns, increasing species and populations of organisms that will cause disease,
and can cause rainfall and hydrological patterns
Thirdly, Changes in weather and oceans can result in heat stroke and
death. Hot temperatures can also cause crop failure so that hunger and
malnutrition will appear. Extreme weather changes and rising sea levels due to
melting ice in the North Pole can cause diseases related to natural disasters
(floods, storms and fires) and deaths from trauma. The emergence of natural
disasters is usually accompanied by the migration of people to places of refuge
where diseases often arise, such as: diarrhea, malnutrition, micronutrient
deficiencies, psychological trauma, skin diseases, and others.
Shifting ecosystems can have an impact on the spread of waterborne
diseases and the spread of vector-borne diseases. Like the increasing incidence of
dengue fever because of the emergence of new spaces (ecosystems) for
mosquitoes to breed. With this climate change there are several species of disease
vectors (eq aedes aegypti), viruses, bacteria, plasmodium becoming more resistant
to certain drugs whose target is the organism. In addition, it can be predicted that
there are some species that will naturally be selected or extinct due to this extreme
ecosystem development. this will also have an impact on climate change (climate
change) which can have an impact on increasing cases of certain diseases such as
ARI (long dry season / forest fires, dengue related to the erratic rainy season).
Environmental gradation caused by waste pollution in rivers also contributes to
waterborne diseases and vector-borne disease. Coupled with air pollution resulting
from uncontrolled factory gas emissions will then contribute to respiratory tract
diseases such as asthma, allergies, coccidioidomycosis, chronic heart and lung
disease, and others.
