National Textile University
[Link]. Textile Engineering
Practical Lab Report / Fall-2018
Course Code: TE-2112
Course Title: Introduction to Fabric Manufacturing
Practical No. 07
Title of Practical The Process Flow of Drawing-In and Tying-In.
Student Name Muhammad Rehan Saeedi
Registration No. 17-NTU-0125
Semester /
3rd / GM / G2
Section / Group
Date of Practical November 8, 2018
Date of lab
report December 17, 2018
submission
1) Abstract:
When a new quality of fabric is to be prepared then the process of Drawing-In is used.
Here, each single yarn is passed through dropper, heald frame and reed. These yarns are then
taken to the loom for shedding, weft insertion and finally beat-up to be made into fabric.
2) Introduction:
Drawing In:
Drawing-in is the entering of yarns from a new warp into the weaving elements of a
weaving machine, namely drop wires, heddles and reed, when starting up a new fabric style.
Tying-in-the new warp ends to the depleted warp is done when a pattern is not required. A drop
wire is a narrow metal sheet that that is hung in the air by the tensioned warp yarn. If the warp
yarn is broken or slacken(loose), then the drop wire drops and touches a metal bar that extend
along the width of the machine. This contact between the drop wire and metal bar closes an
electrical circuit and shuts down the machine immediately. There is drop wire for each warp
yarn.
Tying In:
It is the process of tying the ends of a new warp beam to the corresponding ends of the
old warp beam after the depletion of a warp beam on the weaving machine, if there is no change
in design. During this process of weaving we stop the machine and knot old warp with the new
warp with the help of knotting machine.
Drawing
3) Experimental Procedure:
First the wrapper’s beam is placed at the creel portion. Then the yarns are taped on the
draw frame such a way that they evenly spread and don’t overlap. Then each yarn is gripped by a
hook in drawing-in a double hook is used so that two yarns can pass at the same time. The yarn
is first passed through the dropper wire and then the frame with heald wires (one yarn passes
through one frame). Then that yarn is passed through the reed using a reed hook. Thus, all the
yarns are ready to be placed on the loom for being turned into a fabric. The pick is inserted either
by shuttle or shuttle-less ways. The passage of yarn can be seen in Figure 5.
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4) Discussion:
Drawing-In:
Drawing-In is the process which is adopted if a new style or design has to be prepared.
This is a very time-consuming process. In this each yarn is first passed through the dropper wire,
then passed through the eye of the heald wire and then finally passes through the reed. The
passage of yarn through all these portions is very important. The heald frames are actually
responsible for the shed formation. The shed is prepared depending upon the number of threads/
yarns or the design which you want to achieve. The number of heald frames required depend
upon the weave design we want to create. If we want a plain weave design, then we would only
use 2 frames. We can also use frames multiple of 2 like 4, 6, 8 … depending upon the number of
yarns. The flow of yarn from the components of Drawing-In frame are shown below.
For passing yarns through dropper and heddle wires, double hook is used. This reduces the time
and makes the process a bit quick. While a single hook is used if there is any breakage in the
yarn during looming. for passing yarn through the reed, a reed hook is used.
There are two people involved in
drawing-in process. One
the helper. The drawer passes
is
called the drawer, and the other
the yarn from each portion of the
drawing-in frame. While the
helper just put yarn in the hooks. After the insertion of the weft the reed beats it to the fell of
cloth.
Fig: Drawing Frame
Heald Wires:
Fig: Heald Wires
Knotting or Tying-In:
Tying-in is the process of tying the ends of a new warp beam to the corresponding ends
of the old warp beam after the depletion of a warp beam on the weaving machine, if there is no
change in design. During the tying-in process the weaving machine needs to be stopped which
discontinues the weaving process. As a result, time for producing fabric is increased, at the same
time, loss of yarns is also an issue. Previously, tying-in process was done manually, which
consumed a lot of time. But thanks to technology providing automatic tying-in machine, which
can knot single or ply yarns of cotton, wool, synthetic and blend warp yarns as well as of
different thickness at a speed of 60-600 knots per minute. TOPMATIC and MAGMA of
STAUBLI are such kinds of warp tying machines in association with TPF3 tying frame provide
high performance warp tying. The Knotting machine and way of making a knot mechanically is
shown in Figure 3.
Fig: Tying In MachineFig: Weaver Knot
Drawing-In is only done when the new design is to be woven. If the same design has to
be prepared as previously been made by the loom then we prefer Tying-in instead of Drawing-In,
since Drawing-In is an extremely long process while the Tying-in can be done in quarter the
amount of time required for drawing-in.
Shedding and Weft Insertion:
The shedding is done depending upon the number of yarns as well as the design we have
to create. Shedding is the operation by which the warp is divided into two parts so that sufficient
gap is created between them for the uninterrupted passage of the weft from one side of the loom
to the other.
For example, if we have 1000 yarns in total and we want to make a plain weave design.
Then we can use only 2 frames of the heald wire. So that we pass all the even numbered yarns
from one frame and all the odd numbered yarns from the other. Thus, the weft can be inserted
easily.
A normal worker who knows his work can pass 1000 yarns through the Drawing-In
frame in about an hour. More experienced the person, better will be his efficiency. Thus, lesser
time will be required by him to complete the process. Usually the drawing-in process requires
almost about 8-10 hours for passing all the yarns through there required paths.
For passing yarns through dropper and heald wires double hook is used. This reduces the
time and makes the process a bit quick. While a single hook is used if there is any breakage in
the yarn during looming. for passing yarn through the reed, a reed hook is used.
When yarn is broken the person running the machine will run his hand on the dropper
wires. His hand will be stuck where the yarn is broken, as the dropper has dropped. Thus, the
dropper senses the presence or absence of yarn.
Some lights are connected to the loom machine. Each individual light is connected to a
separate part of the machine. If something happens in that area, then the particular light will
glow, and the operator will move to the corresponding area.
5) Conclusion:
To obtain satisfactory weaving performance, it is essential to have not only a correct yarn
preparation, but also an efficient organization which permits to have warps available at the right
moment, thus avoiding any down time with style or beam change. All these prerequisites aim at
ensuring to the weaving mills a sufficient flexibility and at permitting them to cope promptly
with a variable market demand. Thus, the weavers usually take orders in bulk so that they don’t
have to do the Drawing-In process over and over again.
6) Result:
Result will be shown on lab activity sheet.
