Job No: Sheet 1 of 1 Rev

Structural Steel Job Title: Eccentrically Loaded Bolt Group

Design Project Worked Example – 1
Made by Date 15-01-09

SRSK
Calculation Sheet Checked by Date
SRSK

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Design Example 1: Design a bolted connection between a bracket 8 mm Remarks
thick and the flange of an ISHB 400 column using HSFG bolts, so as to
carry a factored vertical load of 100 kN at a distance of 200 mm from the
face of the column as shown in Fig. E1.

Solution:
1) Bolt force:
100 kN
Px = 0; Py = 100 kN; 250 200

Total eccentricity x’=200+250/2=325 mm 60

M = Pyx’ = 100x325 = 32500 kN-mm 60

60 Fig. E1
140
Try the arrangement shown in Fig. E1
Note: minimum pitch = 60 mm and
minimum edge dist. = 60 mm

n=6
Equation (8)
 r =  xi +  y = 6(70) +4(60) = 43800 mm
i
2 2
i
2 2 2 2

Shear force on the farthest bolts (corner bolts)


  32500  60 
2
 100 32500  70  
2

Ri      6     81.79 kN

  43800   43800  


2) Bolt capacity
Try M20 HSFG bolts

Bolt capacity in single shear = f n Kh Fo = 0.48  1.0  177 = 85 kN

ISHB 400 flange is thicker than the bracket plate and so bearing on the
bracket plate will govern.
Bolt capacity in bearing = d t pbg = 20  8  650  10-3 = 104 kN Use 6 M20
HSFG bolts as
 Bolt value = 85 kN > 81.79 safe. shown.

Job No: Sheet 1 of 2 Rev

Structural Steel Job Title: Beam Splice
Design Project Worked Example – 2
Made by Date 01-10-00

SRSK

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 Checked by Date
Calculation Sheet VK

Design Example 2: Design a bolted splice for an ISMB 450 section to

transfer a factored bending moment of 150 kN-m and a factored shear of
100 kN. Assume that the flange splices carry all of the moment and that the
web splice carries only the shear.
35 45 150x16 flange
60 60
splice plates

35 160x8 web
splice plates
100 2 Nos

450 100

35

Fig. E2
Solution:
1) Flange Splices :
Flange force =BM/(D-tf) = 150  103/(450-17.4) = 346.7 kN

For M20 Gr.10.9 HSFG bolts in single shear

Slip resistance per bolt = 0.33  183 = 60.4 kN KFo
Bearing resistance on flange per bolt = 20  17.4  650  10-3 = 226.2 kN dtpbg
Bolt value = 60.4 kN

Use 3 rows of 2 bolts at a pitch of 60 mm

Net area of flange = (150-2  22) 17.4 = 1844.4 mm2

Flange capacity = (250/1.10)  1844  10-3 = 400.9 kN > flange force OK m=1.10

Try 150 mm wide splice plate

Thickness of splice plate required
= 346.7  103/1.0  250(150-2  22)/1.10 = 15.8 mm Use 16 mm
Flange splice
Use flange splice plate of size 400150  16 plate of size
400 150  16

Job No: Sheet 2 of 2 Rev

Structural Steel Job Title: Beam Splice
Design Project Worked Example – 2
Made by Date 01-10-00
SRSK

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 Checked by Date
VK

Calculation Sheet
2) Web Splice

For M20 HSFG bolts of Gr.8.8 in double shear

Slip resistance per bolt = 2 60.4 = 120.8 kN

Try 8 mm thick web splice plates on both sides of the web.

Bearing Resistance per bolt = 20  9.4  650  10-3 == 122.2 kN

Bolt value = 120.8 kN

Try 3 bolts at 100 mm vertical pitch and 45 mm from the center of joint.

Horizontal shear force on bolt due to moment due to eccentricity

= 100  45  100/(2  1002) = 22.5 kN

Vertical Shear force per bolt = 100/3 = 33.3 kN

Web splice
Resultant shear force = (22.52+33.32) = 40.2 kN < 120.8 (bolt cap) OK plate of size
2701608
Use web splice plate of size 2701608 - 2 nos. with 3 M20
bolts on each
side of the
splice.

Job No: Sheet 1 of 2 Rev

Structural Steel Job Title: Bolted Web Cleats Connection
Worked Example – 5

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 Made by Date 01-10-00
Design Project SRSK
Checked by Date
VK
Calculation Sheet
Design Example 3: Design a bolted web cleat beam-to-column connection
between an ISMB 400 beam and an ISHB 200 @ 40 kg/m column. The
connection has to transfer a factored shear of 150 kN. Use bolts of diameter
20 mm and grade 4.6.
ISA 90 x 90 x 8
ISHB 2 nos. 108.9
200
ISMB 400
40 A
75
75
75 V = 150 kN
75
75
35

e V/2
Fig. E5

1) The recommended gauge distance for column flange is 100 mm.

Therefore required angle back mark is 50 mm.
Use web cleats of ISA 90x90x8 giving gauge g = 50+50+8.9=108.9 mm g for ISHB200
is 100 mm OK
2) Connection to web of beam- Bolt capacity
shear capacity of bolt in double shear = 216024510-3=78.4 kN
bearing capacity of bolt on the beam web = 418209.010-3= 75.24 kN
bolt value = 75.24 kN

Try 4 bolts as shown in the Figure with vertical pitch of 75 mm

Assuming the shear to be acting on the face of the column, its eccentricity
with the centre of the bolt group will produce horizontal shear forces in
the bolts in addition to the vertical shear.

horizontal shear force on top bolt due to moment due to eccentricity e

= 15050112.5/2(37.52+112.52) = 30.0 kN Px e ri/ ri2

vertical shear force per bolt = 150/4 = 37.5 kN

resultant shear = (30.02+37.52) = 48.0 kN < bolt value Safe !

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 Job No: Sheet 2 of 2 Rev
Structural Steel Job Title: Bolted Web Cleats Connection
Design Project Worked Example – 5
Made by Date 01-10-00
SRSK
Checked by Date
Calculation Sheet VK
3) Connection to column flange: Bolt capacity

shear capacity of bolt in single shear = 16024510-3 = 39.2 kN

bearing capacity of bolt on column flange = 418209.010-3= 75.24 kN
bolt value = 39.2 kN

Try 6 bolts as shown in the Fig.E5 with vertical pitch of 75 mm

4) Check bolt force

Similar to the previous case, the shear transfer between the beam web and
the angle cleats can be assumed to take place on the face of the beam web.
However, unlike the previous case, no relative rotation is possible
between
the angle and the beam web.

Assuming centre of pressure 25 mm below top of cleat (point A),

horizontal shear force on bolt due to moment due to eccentricity e (V/2)exri/ri2
= (15050/2) 200/(502+1252+2002) =12.9 kN

vertical shear force per bolt = 150/6 = 25.0 kN

resultant shear = (12.92+25.02) = 28.13 kN < bolt value OK

ISA 90x90x8
Use 2 Nos ISA 90x90x8 of length 375 mm as angle cleats Length 375mm

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 Job No: Sheet 1 of 2 Rev
Structural Steel Job Title: Bolted End Plate Connection
Design Project Worked Example - 6
Made by Date 01-10-00
SRSK
Checked by Date
Calculation Sheet VK
Design Example 4: Design a bolted end plate connection between an
ISMB 400 beam and an ISHB 200 @ 40 kg/m column so as to transfer a
hogging factored bending moment of 150 kN-m and a vartical factored
shear of 150 kN. Use HSFG bolts of diameter 20 mm and Grade 10.9.

ISHB
200
ISMB 400
M=150 kN-m
V=150 kN

1) bolt forces
taking moment about the centre of the bottom flange and neglecting the
contribution of bottom bolts and denoting the force in the top bolts by F
4F 384 = 150 103
F = 97.6 kN

tension capacity of M20 bolt = 0.9Fo = 159.3 kN

allowable prying force Q = 159.3-97.6 = 61.7 kN

2) design for prying action

try 30 mm thick end plate of width be = 180 mm
distance from the centre line of bolt to prying force n is the minimum of
edge distance or 1.1TPo/Py = 1.1 30 (2 512/250) = 55.66 mm
n = 40 mm
assuming 10 mm fillet weld,
distance from center line of bolt to toe of fillet weld b = 60-10 = 50 mm;

moment at the toe of the weld = Fb-Qn = 97.650-61.740 = 2412 N-m

effective width of end plate per bolt w = be/2 = 180/2 = 90 mm

moment capacity = (250/1.10)(90302/4)=4402 N-m > 2412 N-m Safe ! (fy/1.10)(wT2/4)

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 Job No: Sheet 2 of 2 Rev
Structural Steel Job Title: Bolted End Plate Connection
Design Project Worked Example – 6
Made by Date 01-10-00
SRSK
Checked by Date
Calculation Sheet VK
50  2  1.5  0.587  90  30 4  b  Po wT 4 
min Q  97.6   Q  F  
2  40  27  40  50 2  2n  27nb 2 
Q = 31.8 kN < 61.7 kN OK =2 (non-
preloaded)
3) Check for combined shear and tension  =1.5 (for factored
load)
Shear capacity of M20 HSFG = 85 kN

Shear per bolt Fs = 150/6 = 25 kN

= (25.0/85) + (97.6+31.8)/159.3 = 0.936 < 1.0 Safe !

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