Ideal cycle analysis of engines
Ideal cycle analysis
It describes the thermodynamic changes of the working fluid as it flow through the
engines.
Determines the performance of engines at different aircraft operational conditions
(design conditions).
Relates engine performance parameters (thrust, specific fuel consumption, etc.) to:
1) design choices (compressor pressure ratio, fan pressure ratio, etc.)
2) design limitations (compressor exit pressure, turbine inlet temperature, etc.)
3) flight conditions (flight Mach number, ambient temperature, etc.)
Aircraft Engines (AE 242)
Department of Aerospace Engineering, Indian Institute of Science
Ideal cycle analysis of turbojet engines
Assumptions
Compression and expansion process in the inlet, compressor, turbine and nozzle are
isentropic (there are no losses in stagnation pressure).
Combustion is complete and occurs at constant pressure.
Mass of fuel added in the combustor is negligible compared to the mass of air flowing
into the combustor.
The working fluid is perfect gas with constant specific heats.
There is complete expansion of hot gas flowing through the nozzle.
Aircraft Engines (AE 242)
Department of Aerospace Engineering, Indian Institute of Science
Ideal cycle analysis of turbojet engines
Turbojet engine
Air inlet: captures air and delivers efficiently to the compressor
Compressor: increases air pressure and temperature
Combustor: increases temperature of incoming air by burning the mixture of air and fuel
(aviation kerosene). Fuel is supplied via an injection system.
Turbine: extracts energy from the hot gas and runs the compressor
Nozzle: accelerates the gases further
Aircraft Engines (AE 242)
Department of Aerospace Engineering, Indian Institute of Science
Ideal cycle analysis of turbojet engines
Nomenclature adopted in the analysis
Relationship between static and stagnation pressure (temperature) values are expressed as
Pt 1 2 1 Tt 1 2
1 M 1
and M
P 2 T 2
u u
where M Mach number ; - ratio of specific heats; R - gas constant
a RT
Total pressure of free stream air Pt 0 Total temperature of free stream air Tt 0
r r
Static pressure of free stream air P0 Static temperature of free stream air T0
Total pressure of air leaving the compressor P Total temperature of air leaving the compressor Tt 3
c t3 c
Total pressure of air entering the compressor Pt 2 Total temperature of air entering the compressor Tt 2
Total pressure of air leaving the combustor P Total temperature of air leaving the combustor T
b t4 b t4
Total pressure of air entering the combustor Pt 3 Total temperature of air entering the combustor Tt 3
Total pressure of air leaving the turbine P Total temperature of air leaving the turbine T
t t5 t t5
Total pressure of air entering the turbine Pt 4 Total temperature of air entering the turbine Tt 4
Total pressure of air leaving the nozzle P Total temperature of air leaving the nozzle T
c t9 n t9
Total pressure of air entering the nozzle Pt 5 Total temperature of air entering the nozzle Tt 5
Aircraft Engines (AE 242)
Department of Aerospace Engineering, Indian Institute of Science
Ideal cycle analysis of turbojet engines
Engine cycle
Aircraft Engines (AE 242)
Department of Aerospace Engineering, Indian Institute of Science
