2017 9646 H2 Physics Prelim Paper 2 Solution

Closed loop of 4 forces 1 mark

Forces labelled correctly 1 mark
Correct arrow directions 1 mark

Value of P = 12 000 N (allow 100 N off)

If value of P = 11 900 N to 12 100 N  2 marks
If value of P = 11 800 N to 12 200 N  1 mark
If value of P exceeds the range  No mark for
accuracy
2 (a) Heat exchange between water and ice:
Heat gained by ice = heat lost by water
(2.05  103) (0.5) (5 – 0) + (3.33  105) (0.5) + (4200) (0.5) (T – 0) = (4200) 1
(2.5) (30 – T)
T = 11.4 C 1
Heat exchange between water and steam:
Heat gained by water = heat lost by steam
(2.26  106) (0.2) + (4200) (0.2) (100 – T’) = (4200) (3) (T’ – 11.4) 1
T’ = 50.6 C 1

(b) The increase in the internal energy of a system is equal to the sum of heat 1
supplied to the system and the work done on the system.
1

(c) Since both bubbles are identical, n must be the same.

Since both bubbles experience the same water pressure P at the surface,
the volume of the ideal gas must be proportional to its temperature.
For bubble A, since there is no heat exchange, Q = 0. Therefore U = W. 1
As its volume expands, W and hence U must be negative. Since U is
proportional to T, T is negative. Since its temperature drops, the increase
in volume will be less.
For bubble B, since it remains in thermal equilibrium with the water, its 1
temperature will increase as the surface temperature will be warmer than
the temperature at the bottom. Since its temperature rises, the increase in
volume will be more.
Therefore, bubble B will be larger when they reach the surface. 1
3 (a) (i) Formed due to superposition/interference of the incident wave from
oscillator and reflected wave from Q. [1] 1

The two waves have the same speed, wavelength/frequency, same

amplitude and travel in opposite directions [1] 1

(ii) There is a 180/  radian phase change at Q [1] since it is a fixed 1

end,

Hence there is destructive interference between the incident and

reflected wave, [1] since they are  radian out of phase. – this mark 1
given only if they are able to explain about the phase change.

(iii) 1. ½  = 0.30 m
 = 0.60 m [1] 1
v=f
= 120 (0.60)
= 72 m s−1 [1] 1

2. Phase different is zero. 1

For constructive interference,

(b)
Path difference = 1.4 m (fixed)
𝑛 = 1.4
𝑣 𝑣 1400
𝑛 ( ) = 1.4  𝑛 ( ) = 1.4  𝑛 = − −(1) 1
𝑓1 1000 𝑣
𝑣 𝑣 1
(𝑛 + 1) ( ) = 1.4  (𝑛 + 1) ( ) = 1.4 − −(2)
𝑓2 1200

Solving (1) and (2), v = 280 m s−1 1

4 (a) Work done per unit positive charge in bringing a point charge from infinity 1
to that point

(b) (i) Neutral point is on the left side of P. 1

(ii) Electric field strength due to P = electric field strength due to Q

6μ 9μ
2
=
4πεo x 4πεo (50+x)2
1
x = 223 mm
1

(iii) Work done = final EPE – initial EPE

(6μ)(−9μ) 1 1 1
= 4πεo
((223+50)×10−3 − 50×10−3 )
1
= 7.9 J

(c) (i) (4+1)

Electric force = (0.0025) = 0.125 N
0.1

Weight = (0.005) (9.81) = 0.049 N

1
Net force = √(0.1252 + 0.0492) = 0.134 N
1
a = 0.134/0.005 = 27 m s−2

(ii) s = ut + ½ a t2
s = 0 + ½ (27) (0.05)2 1
s = 0.034 m = 3.4 cm 1
θ = tan‒1 (0.049/0.125) θ

= 21  a 1
5 (a) 𝑁𝑝ℎ𝑜𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑠 ℎ𝑐
Power = 𝑡
(𝜆)

𝑁𝑝ℎ𝑜𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑠 1.2(530×10−9 )
𝑡
= (ℎ𝑐) 1
𝑁𝑝ℎ𝑜𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑠
𝑡
= 3.2  1018 / s 1

(b) ℎ𝑐
Energy of each photon = 530×10−9 = 2.35 eV
1
Since energy of photon is greater than work function, photoelectrons will be
emitted.

(c) ℎ 1
𝑝 = 530×10−9 = 1.25  10−27
𝐹𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝑚𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑢𝑚
Pressure = =
𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎

(1.25  10−27 )(3.2  1018 )

= 3.8  10−6

= 1.1  10−3 Pa 1

6 (a) Majority charge carriers in p-type semiconductors are holes whereas in n-

type semiconductors are electrons. [B1]
p-type semiconductors are doped with acceptors from Grp III whereas n-
type semiconductors are doped with donors from Grp V in the periodic
table [B1]
p-type semiconductors have an additional energy level just above the
valence band due to the doping whereas n-type semiconductors have an
additional energy level just below the conduction band. [B1]
Max 2

(b) N type semiconductors are doped with donor atoms which introduces
extra electrons with respect to the octet arrangement. These electrons M1
occupy at an energy level just below the conduction band. (or shown in
diagram)

This allows the “extra” electrons to delocalise easily by absorbing energy

to be promoted to the conduction band. This energy required is much less A1
than that required for other electrons to cross the band gap from valence
to conduction band.

These delocalised electrons in the conduction band can then act as mobile B1
charge carriers and thus increasing the conductivity of the material.
7 (a) (i) An empirical relation is one which is guided by experimental observations rather B1
than by theory.

(ii) M1
f  a  Z  b
2

f  a  Z  b   aZ  ab

Z A1

(iii) As the atomic number (Z) of elements increases, the frequency (f) of the B1
emitted x-rays will increase.
Since energy of x-rays is proportional to its frequency (E = hf), the energy of
the x-rays will increase with increasing atomic number. B1

(b) (i) M1
13.6  742
E 
k
12 eV A1
= – 1.19 × 10-4 J

(ii) When an electron from the K shell is displaced, for electron in shell M:

Zeff ,3  74  1  8  65 B1

13.6  652
EM   M1
32 eV
A1
= – 1.02 × 10-15 J

E  Ek  EM M1

= |(– 1.19 × 10-14) – (– 1.02 × 10-15)| A1

= 1.09 × 10-14 J

(c) (i) Left peak : K B0

Right peak : K B1
(ii) Since the L shell is closer than the M shell to the K shell, the closer transition is B1
more likely to occur.
Intensity depends on the number of photons emitted per unit time and hence it
B1
is dependent on the probability of the transition.
or
Although the transition K results in the emission of a x-ray photon with lower
energy, the probability of this transition happening is higher than that of
transition K.This higher probability mitigates the lower energy of each x-ray
photon emitted, resulting in higher intensity of x-ray with this wavelength being
produced.
8 To investigate how the force applied will affect the displacement of a piece of glass.

Independent Variable: Force applied on glass

Dependent Variable: Vertical displacement of centre of glass

Controlled Variables: Position of mass placed on glass, distance between the two supports

meter rule

glass

wooden wooden
block block

table top

Procedure:

1. Set up the apparatus as shown above. Measure the distance h0 from the bottom of
the glass to the table top using a vertical metre ruler.

2. Place a standard mass of 50 g at the centre of the glass.

3. Record the total mass m placed on the glass.

4. Measure the distance h from the bottom of the glass to the table top using a vertical
metre ruler.

5. Place an additional standard mass on top of the previous standard mass.

6. Repeat steps 3 to 5 to obtain 6 sets of readings.

7. Calculate the force applied on the glass, F using F = m × 9.81.

8. Calculate the vertical displacement of center of glass, y using y = h − h0.

Assume that

y = kFn

where y is the vertical displacement of centre of glass,

F is the force applied on the glass, and

k and n are constants

Taking lg to both sides, lg y  n lg F +lg k .

Plot a graph of lg y against lg F.

Safety:

1. Wear goggles and gloves to protect against glass shards in case the glass
shatters.

2. Place a brick on each retort stand to prevent it from toppling.

Additional Details:

1. Take repeated readings for h for each value of m in order to obtain average values
to reduce random errors.

2. Check that the metre ruler is vertical using a spirit level.

3. Check that the glass is placed horizontally on the wooden blocks using a spirit level.

4. The position of mass placed on glass is kept constant by stacking the standard
masses on top of one another.

5. The distance between the two supports is kept constant by fixing the two wooden
blocks to the same positions on the table using adhesive tape or G-clamps.

Marking points:

Identification of appropriate independent and dependent variables V1

Identification of control variables (min 2) V1

Diagram consists of workable support for glass so as to measure depression

D1

Diagram shows clearly where to measure to collect data D1

Procedure lists instruments used for measurement P1

Procedure/diagram indicates where to apply force P1

Procedure indicates calculation for depression P1

Procedure indicates how to vary when repeating experiment for more data

P1

Analysis gives proposed equation A1

Analysis gives details of what to plot and how to verify if proposed equation is acceptable.
A1

Safety and Additional details (max 2) S3