06.

FLUID MECHANICS
(d) None of the above
1. Properties of Fluid Nagaland PSC CTSE 2017 Paper-2
Ans. (a) : Viscosity is defined as the property of fluid
1. Fluid is a substance which offers no resistance evolved due to internal resistance offered by one layer
to change of of the fluid to the adjacent layer.
(a) Pressure (b) Flow
(c) Volume (d) Shape 6. Newton's Law of viscosity states that
TNPSC 2019 (a) Shear stress is directly proportional to
Ans. (d) : Fluid is a substance which offers no velocity
resistance to change of shape. (b) Shear stress is directly proportional to
2. Which of the following has no unit? velocity gradient
(a) Surface tension (b) Kinematic viscosity (c) Shear stress is directly proportional to shear
(c) Strain (d) Bulk modulus strain
(KPSC AE 2015) (d) Shear stress is directly proportional to
viscosity
force ( tensile ) TNPSC AE 2014
Ans : (c) (i) Surface tension (σ) =
length UPRVUNL AE 2014
Unit = N/m Ans. (b) : Newton's Law of viscosity states that shear
Dynamic vis cos ity stress is directly proportional to rate of shear strain of
(ii) Kinematic viscosity (v) = velocity gradient.
Density
2 du
Unit = m /s τ∝
changein length dy
(iii) strain (e) = du dφ
Original lenght τ=µ =µ
Unit :- No unit dy dt
Normalstress 7. Rate of deformation of fluid element is equal to
(iv) Bulk modulus(K) = (a) Shear stress
Volumetric strain
Unit = N/m 2 (b) Coefficient of dynamic viscosity
(c) Coefficient of kinematic viscosity
3. Which one of the following sets of condition
(d) Velocity gradient
clearly apply to an ideal fluid?
(a) Viscous and compressible RPSC LECTURER 16.01.2016
(b) Non Viscous and incompressible Ans. (d) : Rate of angular deformation
(c) Non Viscous and compressible or
(d) Viscous and incompressible Rate of shear deformation
RPSC AE 2018 or
UKPSC AE 2012 Paper–II Rate of shear strain
Ans. (b) : Condition for an ideal fluid dφ  du 
• Fluid must be non-viscous. γɺ = = 
dt  dy 
µ = 0, τ = 0
• Fluid must be incompressible. So, rate of angular deformation will be equal to velocity
• ∆ρ = 0, ρ = constant gradient in transverse direction.
• Fluid should be irrotational. As per Newton's law of viscosity
ω=0 dφ dφ
τ∝ ⇒τ = µ
4. The specific gravity of mercury is dt dt
(a) 1360 (b) 13600 This equation valid for 1-D, 2-D and 3-D flow
(c) 1.36 (d) 13.6 du
APPSC-AE-2019 τ =µ valid only for 1-D flow.
dt
ρ 13600 8. The viscosity of liquids decreases with increase
Ans. (d) : Sm = m = = 13.6
ρ w 1000 in temperature due to:
5. Viscosity is the property of fluid evolved due to (a) Decreased cohesive forces
(a) Resistance offered by the layers of fluid (b) Increased cohesive forces
(b) Resistance offered by sidewalls of the (c) Decreased molecular momentum transfer
channel (d) Increased molecular momentum transfer
(c) Spontaneous reactions in the fluid CIL MT 2017 2017 IInd shift
277
Ans. (a) : In liquids main cause of viscosity is cohesion 12. The inside pressure of a hollow bubble of
between the molecules. With increase in temperature diameter 'd' subjected to surface tension 'σ' is
the cohesive force decreases as the energy of particles given by
become more, hence movement of particles become 4σ 8σ
easy. Hence viscosity of water decreases with increase (a) p = (b) p =
in temperature. d d
In gases the important cause of viscosity is σ 2σ
(c) p = (d) p =
randomness/molecular collision due to Crms(root mean 4d d
square) velocity. Due to rise in temperature, kinetic TNPSC AE 2013
energy of molecules increases which makes Crms Ans. (b) : The inside pressure of a hollow bubble of
increase, hence randomness and collision of molecules
increased. This makes the flow difficult and hence diameter 'd' subjected to surface tension 'σ' is given by
viscosity in gases increases with temperature. 8σ
For soap bubble p =
9. Falling drops of rain acquire spherical shape d
on account of 4σ
(a) viscosity (b) surface tension For Drop p=
(c) vapour pressure (d) compressibility d
TSPSC AEE 2015 2σ
For jet p=
Ans. (b) : Falling drops of rain acquire spherical shape d
on account of surface tension. 4σ
10. If σ refers to the surface, tension of the water, ρ For air bubble p=
refers to mass density g refers to gravitational d
accelerations d refers to the diameter of the 13. The viscosity of water with respect to air is
glass tube, then the capillary rise of water in about
the glass tube h is given by (a) 50 times (b) 55 times
2σ 3σ (c) 60 times (d) 65 times
(a) h = (b) h = UKPSC AE 2007 Paper -II
ρ gd ρ gd Ans. (b) : Viscosity is the propriety of the fluid by
4σ 6σ virtue of which the fluid offers resistance against shear
(c) h = (d) h = force.
ρ gd ρ gd
TNPSC 2019 ⇒ The viscosity of water is almost 55 times more than
Ans. (c) : The capillary rise of water in the glass tube h the viscosity of air.
is given as i.e. µwater > µair
4σ cos θ N −s
h= ⇒ Its unit is
ρg.d m2
N −s
4σ = 10 poise
So, h = m2
ρgd 14. Pick the correct statement about viscosity.
θ = 0o [ For water in glass tube] (a) In general, it decreases with temperature for
liquids because the internal force of attraction
11. What happens to the liquid level, when a small between two fluid layers gets decreased.
diameter tube is inserted into a liquid whose (b) In general, it decreases with temperature for
contact angle is 125°? gases because the internal force of attraction
(a) Liquid level in the tube will fall first and then rise. between two fluid layers gets decreased.
(b) Liquid level in the tube falls.
(c) In general, it increases with temperature for
(c) Liquid level in the tube remains constant.
(d) Liquid level in the tube rises. liquids because the internal force of attraction
CIL MT 2017 2017 IInd shift between two fluid layers gets increased.
(d) In general, it increases with temperature for
Ans. (b) : Case – 1 contact angle is acute gases because the internal force of attraction
between two fluid layers gets increased.
BHEL ET 2019
Ans. (a) : In general, it decreases with temperature for
liquid because the internal force of attraction between
In case of wetting fluid, level in capillary tube will rise. two fluid layers gets decreased.
Case – 2 Contact angle is obtuse In case of gases as the temperature increases the
molecular momentum transfer increases so viscosity of
gases increases.
15. The bulk modulus of elasticity with rise in
pressure:
In case of non – wetting fluid, level in capillary tube (a) Decreases
will fall. (b) Increases
278
 (c) Decreases first and after certain limit 20. If σ is the surface tension and R is the cylinder
increases radius, the pressure increase (∆P) in the
(d) Remains constant interior of a liquid cylinder is given by
OPSC AEE 2019 PAPER - II σ 2σ
Ans : (b) : The bulk modulus, (a) (b)
R R
dP dP
K = −V =ρ 3σ 4σ
dV dρ (c) (d)
When fluid is compressed, its molecules come closure R R
APPSC-AE-2019
and make the fluid compact and heavier. So density
increases and bulk modulus also increases. Ans. (a) : The pressure rise across cylindrical liquid jet
is given by
16. Calculate the specific weight of one litre of
petrol of specific gravity 0.7 2σ σ
∆P = =
(a) 700 N/m3 (b) 6867 N/m3 D R
3
(c) 9810 N/m (d) 6.8 N/m3 21. In Newtonian fluids, the shear stress is
TNPSC 2019 (a) directly proportional to the viscosity
Ans. (b) : sp. gravity of petrol (b) inversely proportional to the viscosity

=
( )
Density of petrol ρ p (c) directly proportional to the deformation rate
(d) directly proportional to the shear strain
Density of water ( ρ w ) APPSC-AE-2019
ρ p = ρ w × sp. gravity of petrol Ans. (c) : As per Newton's law of viscosity, shear stress
is directly proportional to rate of shear strain or
kg deformation rate.
ρ p = 1000 × 0.7 = 700 3
m 22. For pseudoplastic non-Newtonian fluids, the
Specific weight of petrol = ρ p × g apparent viscosity
(a) increases with increasing deformation rate
= 700 × 9.81 (b) decreases with increasing deformation rate
3
= 6867 N/m (c) is independent of the deformation rate
17. Choose the correct relationship (d) decreases with time
(a) Specific gravity = gravity × density APPSC-AE-2019
(b) Dynamic viscosity = kinematic viscosity × Ans. (b) :
density
(c) Gravity = specific gravity × density
(d) Kinematic viscosity = dynamic gravity ×
density
TNPSC 2019
Ans. (b) : We know that relation between dynamic
viscosity and kinematic viscosity is given as
µ
ν=
ρ
µ = ν×ρ
unit of (µ) Pa -s Pseudo plastic fluid : (represented by line OE).
• τy = 0 and n < 1
m2
unit of ( ν ) → • The apparent viscosity decreases with the rate
s of deformation or rate of shear strain. Hence, Pseudo
18. The relation between surface tension ' σ' and plastic fluids are also called shear thinning fluids.
difference of pressure 'p' between the inside e.g. Blood, milk, Paper Pulp, Polymeric
and outside of a liquid drops is given as ____ solutions such as rubber, suspension paints.
σ σ 23. One kgf/cm2 when converted to SI units is
(a) p = (b) p = (a) 0.0981 MPa (b) 0.98 MPa
8d 6d (c) 104 Pa (d) 1 Pa
σ 4σ
(c) p = (d) p = TNPSC AE 2017
2d d 9.81 N
TSPSC AEE 2015 Ans. (a) : kgf / cm 2 = = 9.81× 104 Pa
−4 2
Ans. (d) : 10 m
19. In an incompressible fluid flow, the density of = 0.0981 × 106 Pa = 0.0981 Mpa
the medium is 24. The excess pressure in a droplet of 0.002m
(a) Zero (b) Infinity diameter a fluid with surface tension of 0.01
(c) Constant (d) Unity N/m is
APPSC-AE-2019 (a) 10 (b) 20
Ans. (c) : For incompressible flow (c) 4 π (d) 0.0004 π
density (ρ) = constant TNPSC AE 2017
279
Ans. (b) : Ans. (b) : Viscosity of gas increase with increase in
4σ temperature because viscosity of gas depends on
Pgauge = molecular velocity or molecular momentum transfer
d
Temperature Liquid (µ) Gas (µ)
4 × 0.01
= T ↑ ↓ ↑
0.002 29. A fluid in which resistance to deformation is
= 20 Pa independent of the shear stress is known as
25. Property of a fluid by which molecules of (a) Pseudo plastic fluid
different kinds of fluids are attracted to each (b) Bingham plastic fluid
other is called (c) Dilatant fluid
(a) adhesion (b) cohesion (d) Newtonian Fluid
(c) viscosity (d) surface tension TNPSC AE 2014
TNPSC AE 2018 Ans. (d) : A fluid in which resistance to deformation is
Ans. (a) : Adhesion, is the property of fluid by which independent of the shear stress is known as Newtonian fluid.
molecules of different kinds of fluids are attracted to 30. Which of the following fluid is heaviest?
each other. (a) Air (b) Castor oil
26. Compressibility is the reciprocal of (c) Glycerine (d) Carbon tetra chloride
(a) bulk modulus of elasticity TNPSC AE 2014
(b) shear modulus of elasticity Ans. (d) : Carbon tetra chloride
(c) young's modulus of elasticity 31. The tank of size 2m × 2m × 2m hold, how much
(d) viscosity litre of water?
TNPSC AE 2018 (a) 8000 litres (b) 6000 litres
Ans. (a) : Compressibility is the reciprocal of bulk (c) 4000 litres (d) 2000 litres
modulus of elasticity. TNPSC AE 2013
 ∆V  Ans. (a) : Given, V = 2 × 2 × 2 m3
1  V  V = 8 m3
β= = we know that
K ∆P 1 litter = 10-3 m3
27. Statement (I): Non viscous flow between two V = 8 × 103 litters
plates is an example for irrotational flow. V = 8000 litters.
Statement (II): Forced vortex is irrotational in 32. Which of the following is not the unit of
nature. dynamic viscosity?
(a) Both Statement (I) and Statement (II) are (a) N-s/m2 (b) Poise
individually true and Statement (II) is the (c) Pa.s (d) Nm2/s2
correct explanation of Statement (I) UPRVUNL AE 2016
(b) Both Statement (I) and Statement (II) are Ans. (d) : Unit of dynamic viscosity is given as
individually true but Statement (II) is NOT We know that
the correct explanation of Statement (I)
 du 
(c) Statement (I) is true but Statement (II) is false τ = µ 
(d) Statement (I) is false but Statement (II) is true  dy 
UPSC JWM 2017
N m N
Ans. (c) : Non-viscous flow is a flow has zero viscosity = (µ ) × µ = 2 × sec
µ=0 m 2
sec× m m
du F N
τ = µ ; τ = 0; =0 1Pa = 1 2 µ = Pa − sec
dy A m
Shear force, F = 0  dyne − sec 
In non-viscous flow– fluid particle do not In CGS unit of dynamic viscosity is Poise  cm 2 
revolve it own centre of mass as absence of shear force
33. A cube of 1 m side has weight 1000 N in water.
which makes it irrotational flow. What will be its weight in air (g = 10 m/s2)?
Forced vertex flow– When a fluid is rotated (a) 9,000 N (b) 1,000 N
about a vertical axis with constant speed and every (c) 11,000 N (d) 10,000 N
particle of this fluid has some angular velocity. UPRVUNL AE 2016
Forced vortex is rotational in nature.
Ans. (c) : In equilibrium
28. Viscosity of the gas weight in air = Weight in water +
(a) decreases with increases in temperature weight of displaced water
(b) increases with increase in temperature = W + ρW × VW × g
(c) remains same with increase in temperature = 1000 + 1000 × 1 × 1 × 1 × 10
(d) may increase or decrease with increase in = 1000 + 10000 = 11000 N
temperature depending upon the atomic 34. The nature of stress-strain plot for the
structure of the gas Newtonian fluid is
CGPSC AE 2014 -II (a) Hyperbolic (b) Parabolic
280
 (c) Linear (d) Non-linear 37. Determine the bulk modulus of elasticity of
HPPSC AE 2018 liquid, if the pressure of liquid is increased
Vizag Steel (MT) 2017 from 60N/cm2 to 120N/cm2. The volume of
Ans. (c) : The nature of stress-strain plot for the liquid was found to decrease by 0.20%.
Newtonian fluid is linear. (a) 1×104 N/cm2 (b) 2×104N/cm2
4 2
du (c) 3×10 N/cm (d) 4×104 N/cm2
τ∝ (e) 5×10 4
N/cm 2
dy
CGPSC AE 2014 -II
du
τ= µ Ans. (c) : Data given,
dy P1 = 60 N/cm2, P2 = 120 N/cm2
µ → Dynamic viscosity V1 = V, V2 = 0.998V
35. For liquids, the values of dynamic viscosity (µ) ∆P (120 − 60 ) = − 60 = − 60 ×103
and kinematic viscosity (υ) are K= =
 V2 − V1  V 0.002 2
(a) Highly dependent of variation of pressure
  ( 0.998 − 1)
(b) Practically independent of variation of  V1  V
pressure
(c) Practically independent of variation of K = −3 × 10 4 N / cm 2
temperature 38. A clean glass tube of 2 mm diameter contains
(d) Increases with increase in temperature water at 400C. The capillary rise is
RPSC LECTURER 16.01.2016 approximately
Ans. (b) : For liquids— (a) 5mm (b) 10mm
(a) Dynamic viscosity (µ) (c) 15mm (d) 20mm
• Temperature ↑ , molecular cohesive force ↓ , µ ↓ (e) 25mm
• Pressure ↑ , µ = constant CGPSC AE 2014 -II
Ans. (c) : Given,
µ↓
(b) Kinematic viscosity— υ = Dia of glass tube (d) = 2 mm
ρ↓ for water θ = 00
Temperature ↑ , µ ↓ ρ ↓ σ = 0.073 N/m
So So,
Temperature ↑ , ν ↓ 4σ cos θ 4 × 0.073 × cos 00
h= =
• Effect of pressure. ρgd 1000 × 9.81× 2 × 10 −3
µ h = 14.88 mm ≈ 15 mm
ν=
ρ 39. The SI unit of kinematic viscosity is
P ↑ µ = constant, P ↑ ρ = constant (a) m/s2 (b) Kg/m-s
2
So variation of pressure does not effect µ and ν for (c) m /s (d) m3s2
2
liquids. (e) dyne/s
CGPSC AE 2014 -II
36. Select the correct equation from following:
(a) Absolute pressure = Gauge pressure + Ans. (c) : The SI unit of kinematic viscosity is m2/s
2 2
Atmospheric pressure m cm
1 = 104
(b) Absolute pressure = Gauge pressure – s s
Atmospheric pressure 1 cm2/s (1-Stoke) = 10-4 m2/s
(c) Atmospheric pressure = Gauge pressure + 40. Match List I with List II and elect the correct
Absolute pressure answer:
(d) Gauge pressure = Absolute pressure + List I List II
Atmospheric pressure A Ideal fluid 1 Shear stress does not
(e) Atmospheric pressure = 2(Gauge pressure + very linearly with the
Absolute pressure) rate of strain
(CGPCS Polytechnic Lecturer 2017) B Newtonian fluid 2 Tensile stress varies
Ans. (a) : From this fig. linearly with the rate
of strain
C Non-Newtonian 3 Shear stress i zero
fluid
D Bingham plastic 4 Viscosity decreases
with increase in
temperature
5 Shear stress varies
linearly with the rate
Pabs = Patm + Pgauge of strain
281
 6 Fluid behave like a Ans. (c) : The density of water is 1000 kg/m3 at 4oC and
solid until a minimum 277oK.
yield stress beyond 45. A plate 0.02 mm distance from a fixed plate
which it exhibits a moves at 20 cm/s requires a shear stress of 4
linear relationship N/m2 to maintain this speed. Viscosity of fluid
between shear stress available inside these plates is :
and the rate of strain (a) 4 × 10-4 Poise (b) 4 × 10-6 Poise
(a) A-3, B-5, C-6, D-1 (b) A-3, B-5, C-1, D-6 Ns Ns
(c) A-5, B-3, C-4, D-2 (d) A-5, B-4, C-3, D-2 (c) 4 × 10−5 2 (d) 4 × 10 −4 2
(e) A-2, B-6, C-5, D-3 m m
CGPSC AE 2014 -II TRB Polytechnic Lecturer 2017
Ans. (b) : Ideal fluid - Shear stress is zero Ans. (d) : Data given,
Newtonian fluid - Shear stress varies linearly with the y = 0.02 × 10–3 m, u = 0.2 m/s, τ = 4 N , µ = ?
 du  m2
rate of strain  τ ∝  We know that,
 dy 
τ 4 Ns
Non- Newtonian fluid - Shear stress does not vary µ= = = 4 × 10 −4 2
linearly with the rate of strain.
Bingham plastic - Fluid behaves like a solid until a
u/y (
0.2 / 0.02 × 10 )
−3
m

minimum yield stress beyond which it exhibits a linear 46. If one litre of a fluid has a mass of 7.5 kg then
relationship between shear stress and the rate of shear its specific gravity is:
strain. (a) 0.75 (b) 7.5
(c) 75 (d) 750
41. Newtonian fluids are the one which TRB Polytechnic Lecturer 2017
(a) Obeys Newton's law of viscosity
(b) Obeys Hook's law Ans. (b) : Data given,
(c) Obeys Williamson's law m kg
m = 7.5 kg, V = 1 litre = 10–3m3, ρ = = 7.5 × 103 3
(d) Obeys Power law V m
JPSC AE PRE 2019 Then, Specific gravity of fluid
Ans. (a) : Newtonian fluids are the one which obeys ρ 7.5 × 10 +3
Newton's law of viscosity. Newton's law of viscosity is = fluid = = 7.5
given by ρwater 1000
47. When the fluid is at rest, the shear stress is
du
τ =µ (a) maximum (b) zero
dy (c) unpredictable (d) none of the above
42. Which fluid does not experience stress during Nagaland PSC CTSE 2017 Paper-2
flow? Ans. (b) : Fluid at rest cannot resist a shear stress is
(a) Dilatant (b) Bingham zero.
(c) Viscoplastic (d) Inviscid 48. For the conversion of one poise into MKS unit
JPSC AE PRE 2019 of dynamic viscosity dividing factor will be
du (a) 9.81 (b) 0.981
Ans. (d) : τ = µ (c) 98.1 (d) 981
dy Nagaland PSC CTSE 2017 Paper-2
for Inviscid, µ = 0, Then τ = 0 Ans. (c) : The dividing factor of converting one poise
into MKS unit of dynamic viscosity is 98.1.
43. A liquid compressed in a cylinder has a volume 1 Ns 1 kgf − s
of 0.04 m at 50 kg/cm and volume 0.039 m at 1 poise =
3 2 3
2
= ( ∵ 1kgf = 9.81N )
10 m 98.1 m 2
150 kg/cm2. The bulk modulus of elasticity of
liquid is: 49. Dimension of surface tension is:
(a) 400 kg/cm2 (b) 4000 kg/cm2 (a) ML2T-2 (b) MT-2
-1 -2
(c) 40 × 105 kg/cm2 (d) 40 × 106 kg/cm2 (c) ML T (d) MT-1
SJVN ET 2019
SJVN ET 2013
Ans. (b) :
Ans. (b) :
Force MLT −2
Bulk modulus (K) =
Direct stress Surface tension σ = = = MT −2
Volumetric strian Length L
50. A plate weighing 150 N and measuring 0.8 ×0.8
150 − 50 m2 just slides down an inclined plane over an
= = 4000 kg/cm2
0.04 − 0.039 oil film of 1.2 mm thickness for an inclination
0.04 of 30° and velocity of 0.2 m/s. Then the
44. The density of water is 1000 kg/m3 at viscosity of the oil used is
(a) 0oC (b) 0oK (a) 0.3 Ns/m2 (b) 0.4 Ns/m2
o o 2
(c) 4 C (d) 20 C (c) 0.5 Ns/m (d) 0.7 Ns/m2
SJVN ET 2013 ESE 2019
282
Ans. (d) : Given, W = 150 N 53. The normal stresses within an isotropic
A = 0.8 × 0.8 m2 Newtonian fluid are related to
dy = 1.2 mm 1. Pressure
θ = 30° 2. Viscosity of fluid
du = 0.2 m/s 3. Velocity gradient
Which of the above are correct?
(a) 1 and 2 only (b) 1 and 3 only
(c) 2 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3
ESE 2018
Ans. (d) : The normal stresses of an isotropic
Newtonian fluid are related to pressure, viscocity and
velocity gradient. The relationships for the normal
stresses is
For Newtonian fluid ∂u
du σx = − p + 2µ
τ =µ ∂x
dy 54. A Spherical water drop of 1 mm in diameter
F 150sin 30 splits up in air in to 64 smaller drops of equal
where τ = shear stress = = size. The surface tension coefficient of water in
A 0.8 × 0.8
15000 N air is 0.073 N/m. The work required in splitting
τ= up the drop is
128 m 2 (a) 0.96×10−6 J (b) 0.69×10−6 J
−6
15000 du
=µ =µ
0.2 (c) 0.32×10 J (d) 0.23×10−6 J
128 dy 1.2 × 10−3 ESE 2017
N −s Ans. (b) : Given–
µ = 0.70 D = 1 mm
m2 R = 0.5 mm
51. A force of 400 N is required to open a process n = 64
control valve. What is the area of diaphragm σ = 0.073 N/m
needed for a diaphragm actuator to open the Volume before splitting = Volume after splitting
valve with a control gauge pressure of 70 kPa?
4 3 4
(a) 0.0095 m2 (b) 0.0086 m2 πR = n ⋅ πr 3
2
(c) 0.0057 m (d) 0.0048 m2 3 3 3
ESE 2018 R = nr3
Ans. (c) : Given, R 0.5 1
r = 1/ 3 = =
F = 400 N n (64)1/ 3 8
N r = 0.125 mm
P = 70 kPa = 70 × 103 2 Surface energy before splitting E1 = σ.4πR2
m
F Surface energy after splitting E2 = n.(σ4πr2)
Area of diaphragm A = So, work require in splitting = E2 − E1
P = 4πσ [nr2 − R2]
400 = 4 × 3.14 × 0.073 [64 (0.125)2 − (0.5)2] × (10−3)2
=
70 × 103 E2 – E1 = 0.687 × 10−6 J
= 0.0057 m2 55. If the bulk modulus of elasticity of the water is
52. A force of 10kN is required to move a work 2.2 × 106 kN/m2, the speed of pressure wave is
piece. What is the needed working pressure, if given by
the piston diameter is 100 mm? (a) 22000 m/s (b) 1483.2 m/s
(a) 1.55 MPa (b) 1.46 MPa (c) 3561.2 m/s (d) 500.3 m/s
(c) 1.27 MPa (d) 1.12 MPa APPSC-AE-2019
ESE 2018Ans. (b) : The speed of pressure wave (or sonic speed)
Ans. (c) : Given, is given by
F = 10 kN = 10 × 103 N K 2.2 × 109
d = 100 mm = 0.1 m v= = = 1483.2 m / s
ρ 1000
πd 2
Area (A) = = 7.85 × 10−3 m2 56. The viscosity of a liquid is
4 (a) Decreases with increase in temperature
Let the needed working pressure is P (b) Remains practically constant with
F temperature rise of fall
So P=
A (c) Fairly large as compared to viscosity for
10 × 103 N gases
P= −3
= 1.27 × 106 2 (d) Consider body influenced by molecular
7.85 × 10 m momentum transfer
P = 1.27 MPa TNPSC 2019, 2018
283
Ans. (a) : The viscosity of a liquid is decreases with (c) Bulk modulus K=0, perfectly incompressible
increase in temperature because of molecular cohesive force and change in volume is ∞.
of liquid decrease with increase in temperature of liquid. (d) Bulk modulus K= ∞, perfectly compressible
For liquid T ↑ µ ↓ and change in volume is zero.
BPSC Poly. Lect. 2016
For gas T ↑ µ ↑ [Molecular momentum transfer rate ↑ ] Ans : (a) Block volume = V mm3
57. Match list-I with list-II select the correct hydrostatics pressure = P MPa
Answer Modulus of Elasticity (E) = E GPa
List -I List -II Poisson's ratio (ν ) = 0.5
(a) Dynamic viscosity 1. Pa normal stress
(b) Kinematic viscosity 2. m2/Sec Bulk modules (K) =
Volumetric strain
(c) Torsional stiffness 3. Ns/m2 If Volumetric strain Should be zero then Bulk Modulus
(d) Modulus of rigidity 4. N/m is ∞.
5. Nm we know that for incompressible
Code
∆V
A B C D =0
(a) 3 2 4 1 V
(b) 5 2 4 3 σ
K= n
(c) 3 4 2 3 0
(d) 5 4 2 1 K=∞
UJVNL AE 2016 61. Kinematic viscosity is equal to
Ans : (a) List -I List-II (a) Density/dynamic viscosity
i) Dynamic viscosity Ns/m2 (b) Dynamic viscosity/density
ii) Kinematic viscosity m2/Sec (c) Dynamic viscosity x density
iii) Torsional stiffness N/m (d) None of these
iv) Modulus of rigidity Pa (KPSC AE 2015)
58. Mercury does not wet the glass due to (HPPSC LECT. 2016)
(a) Its cohesion is zero Dynamic Vis cos ity
(b) Its surface tension is zero Ans : (b) Kinematic viscosity =
Density
(c) Its adhesion is zero
(d) It is a solid metal at room temperature. ν = µ/ ρ
UJVNL AE 2016 Unit of kinematic viscosity = m2/sec. (SI unit)
Ans : (c) Mercury does not wet the glass due to its Unit of kinematic viscosity = cm2/sec or stoke (CGS unit)
1m2 /sec= 104 cm2/sec = 104 stoke
adhesion is zero. Adhesioin is the tendency of dissimilar
particles or surfaces to cling to one another (cohesion 62. SI unit of viscosity is:
refers to the tendency of similar or identical (a) 1 poise (b) 10 poise
(c) Centipoise (d) None of the above
particles/surfaces to cling to one another).
OPSC AEE 2015 PAPER - II
59. Newton's law of viscosity depends upon the: Ans : (b) Unit of viscosity:-
(a) Stress and strain in a fluid
(b) Shear stress, pressure and velocity Kgf − sec
(i) MKS unit of viscosity =
(c) Shear stress and rate of strain m2
(d) Viscosity and shear stress dyne − sec
UJVNL AE 2016 (ii) CGS unit of viscosity =
cm 2
Ans : (c) Newton's law of viscosity depends upon the N − sec
shear stress and rate of shear strain. (iii) SI unit of viscosity =
Newton's law of viscosity:- m2
µ.du 1kgf − sec 9.81N − sec
τ= = = 9.81 poise
dy m2 m2
τ = shear stress N − sec
10poise = 1
du m2
= Rateof shear strain
dy 63. Cavitation is caused by :
(a) Low surface tension (b) High pressure
µ = Cofficient of dynamics vis cosity
(c) Low pressure (d) Low velocity
60. A block of volume V mm3 is subjected to OPSC AEE 2015 PAPER - II
hydrostatic pressure P MPa modules of Gujarat PSC AE 2019
elasticity is E GPa and Poisson's ratio ν = 0.5. Ans : (c) Cavitation is caused by low pressure .
Which statement is true about the block? Cavitation :-Cavitation is defined as the phenomenon
(a) Bulk modulus K=∞, perfectly incompressible of formation of vapour bubbles of a flowing liquid in a
and change in volume is zero. region where the pressure of the liquid falls below its
(b) Bulk modulus K=1, perfectly incompressible vapour pressure and the sudden collapsing of these
and change in volume is zero. vapour bubbles in a region of higher pressure.
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64. In the CGS unit, dynamic viscosity is expressed 68. The capillary rise at 20°C in a clean glass tube
as of 1 mm bore containing water is
(a) poise (b) Pa-s approximately :
(c) stokes (d) None of the above (a) 5 mm (b) 10 mm
BPSC Poly. Lect. 2016 (c) 20 mm (d) 30 mm
du HPPSC W.S. Poly. 2016
Ans : (a) τ = µ . ( Newton's viscosity law ) Ans : (d) Given, t = 20°c
dy
glass tube dia = 1 mm
τ = shear stress (N/m2) σ = 0.0736 N/m
µ = Dynamic Viscosity 4σ cos θ
h=
du
= RateChange of shear strain. ρdg
dy cos θ = 1 (θ = 00)
τ 4σ
µ= h=
( du dy ) ρgd
4 × 0.0736
N × sec × m h= m
µ= 9810 × 1× 10−3
m ×m
2
h = 30 mm
N 69. Surface tension is due to
µ = 2 − sec ( In SI unit ) (a) Cohesion
m
µ = poise (In C.G.S. unit) (b) Viscous force
65. Compressibility of a liquid is expressed by its: (c) Adhesion
(a) Density (d) The difference between adhesive and
(b) Pressure cohesive force
(c) Volume MPPSC AE 2016
(d) Bulk modulus of elasticity Ans : (a) Surface tension is due to cohesion
(HPPSC LECT. 2016) force.
1 Surface tension:- Surface tension occur at the interface
Ans : (d) Compressibility = of liquid and gas or at the interface of two liquid.
Bulk modulus * It is a surface phenomenon
Increase of pressure * It is force per unit length (N/m)
Bulk modulus =
Volumetric strain * For water-air interface at 20°C its value is 0.0736 N/m
Compressibility is the reciprocal of the bulk modulus of * It is due to cohesion only.
elasticity. 70. The density of a fluid is sensitive to changes it
66. Surface tension is expressed as: pressure. The fluid will be known as :
(a) Force per unit area (a) Newtonian fluid (b) Perfect fluid
(b) Force per unit volume (c) Compressible fluid (d) Real fluid
(c) Force per unit length MPPSC AE 2016
(d) Force only Ans : (c) The density of a fluid is sensitive to change it
(HPPSC LECT. 2016) pressure. The fluid will be known as Compressible fluid.
Ans : (c) Surface tension:- Surface tension is defined 71. Units for surface tension is expressed in
as the tensile force acting on the surface of a liquid in (a) N/m (b) N/m2
contact with a gas or on the surface between two (c) m/N (d) n2/m
immiscible liquid such that the contact surface behaves TSPSC AEE 2015
like a member an under tension. Ans : (a) Surface tension:- Surface tension occur at the
Tensile force Surface energy interface of liquid and gas or at the interface of two
σ= oR liquid.
unit lenght Unit area. * It is a surface phenomenon
67. One poise is equal to: * It is force per unit length (N/m)
(a) 1 Ns/m2 (b) 10 Ns/ m2 * For water-air interface at 20°C its value is 0.0736 N/m
(c) 0.1 Ns/ m2 (d) 0.01 Ns/m2 * It is due to cohesion only.
(HPPSC LECT. 2016) 72. Newton's law of viscosity is given by the
du relation
Ans : (c) τ = µ (Newton's law of viscosity)
dy du du
(a) τ = µ 2 (b) τ = µ
µ = Dynamic viscosity dy dy
N du du
(i) Dynamic viscosity unit is Pa- sec or sec (c) τ = µ (d) τ = µ3
m2 dy dy
(ii) 1 Poise = Dyne - sec/cm2 TNPSC AE 2018
(iii) 1 Poise = 0.1 N - Sec / m2 TPSC AE. 2015
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Ans : (c) 77. Which of the following expression correctly
defines the relationship between internal
pressure intensity (p) and the radius of
spherical droplet (r)?
1
(a) p ∝ (b) p ∝ r
r
1
(c) p ∝ 2 (d) p ∝ r 2
r
du UKPSC AE-2013, Paper-II
τ∝ (According to Newton's law of viscosity) Ans. (a) :
dy
78. The height of water column corresponding to a
du pressure equivalent of 60 cm of mercury
τ = µ.
dy column will be:-
τ = shear stress (a) 816 cm (b) 8160 cm
(c) 81.6 cm (d) 7996.0 cm
du UKPSC AE-2013, Paper-II
= Rate of shear strain.
dy Ans. (a) : [ρgh]water = [ρgh]mercury
73. The equation of state for a perfect gas is 1000 × g × hw = 13600 × g × 0.6
P P V hw = 816 cm
(a) = RT (b) = 79. An oil with specific gravity 0.85 and viscosity
V T R
3.8 poise flows in a 5cm diameter horizontal
P
(c) PV = RT (d) =T pipe at 2.0 m/s. The Reynolds number will be
ρ approximately:-
APPSC AEE 2012 (a) 224 (b) 2240
Ans : (c) The equation of state for a perfect gas is (c) 22.4 (d) 22400
PV = mRT. UKPSC AE-2013, Paper-II
R = gas constant Ans. (a) : Given as,
J Specific gravity = 0.85
Unit of R = µ = 3.8 poise
kg − K d = 5 cm
Value of R = 0.287 kJ/kg – K (for air) V = 2.0 m/s
74. Surface tension is a phenomenon due to 0.85 ×1000 × 2 × 0.05
(a) Cohesion only Re =
(b) Viscous forces only 3.8 ×10−1
Re = 223.68 ≃ 224
(c) Adhesion between liquid and solid molecules
(d) Difference in magnitude between the forces 80. An oil having kinematic viscosity 0.25 stokes
due to adhesion and cohesion flows through a pipe of 10cm diameter. The
UKPSC AE 2012 Paper–II flow will be critical at a velocity of about:-
(a) 0.5 m/s (b) 1.5 m/s
Ans. (d) : Difference in magnitude between the forces (c) 1.8 m/s (d) 4.6 m/s
due to adhesion and cohesion UKPSC AE-2013, Paper-II
75. An oil of kinematic viscosity 0.5 stokes flows Ans. (a) : Critical reynold number, [Re]cr = 2000
through a pipe of 5 cm diameter. The flow is V×D
critical at a velocity of about Re =
(a) 0.2 m/s (b) 2 m/s v
(c) 2.5 m/s (d) 4 m/s 2000 × 0.25 ×10−4
UKPSC AE 2012 Paper–II V=
0.1
Ans. (b) : 2 m/s V = 0.5 m/s
76. What will be the depth of a point below water 81. Unit of kinematic viscosity is:-
surface in sea, where pressure intensity is 1.006 (a) m2/s (b) N.s/m2
MN/m2? (Specific gravity of sea water = 1.025) (c) kg/s.m 2
(d) m/kg.s
(a) 10 m (b) 100 m UKPSC AE-2013, Paper-II
(c) 1000 m (d) 1 m Ans. (a) :
UKPSC AE-2013, Paper-II
82. One stoke is equal to
Ans. (b) : Given as, (a) 1 cm2/s (b) 1 m2/s
P = 1.006 × 106 Pa (c) 1 ft2/s (d) 1 m.m2/s
kg UKPSC AE 2007 Paper -II
ρsea water = 1025 3
m Ans. (a) : 'Stake' is a unit if kinematic viscosity.
P 1.006 × 106 1 stoke = 10-4 m/s2 = 1 cm2/s
Then, h = = 1 C.S. = 10–2 stokes
ρsea water × g 1025 × 9.81 * At 200C Kinematic viscosity of water is 1 C.S.
h = 102.54 ≃ 102 m * It's dimension ⇒ M0L2T-1.
286