47 Uy, Paul Francis M.
2B-PH
TYPES OF MICROSCOPE
1847 Omano OM159 Infinity
Simple microscope with Corrected Compound
doublet and triplet optics. Microscope
Production of simple
microscopes begins.
1. Simple or Magnifier Microscope 2. Compound Microscope
This is a single lens system that is This is a two lens system that is used
used for its low magnifying power and to magnify the image up to several
its advantage is that it enlarges an hundred times the actual size. The
object without inverting the image. It image is 2D and appears inverted.
could generate a 3D image but it only This microscope can be electric.
uses light for illumination
3075 Stereo Microscope H-9500 300kV
Series Transmission Electron
Microscope from Hitachi
3. Stereoscopic Microscope 4. Electron Microscope
This is a simple microscope This apparatus uses beams of
consisting of 2 microscopes mounted electrons. Used as a powerful tool to
in a single body. This is used so that study cell structure and function. The
viewers can see real stereoscopic image is projected into a photographic
perception of depth. It is also used plate of fluorescent screen which can
where a movement is required when magnify a hundred thousand times.
examining a dissected specimen
where the image is seen side-up and
movement is normal.
3075 Stereo Microscope
Series Zeiss Libra 200 HT FE MC
4.1 Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) 4.2 Transmission Electron Microscope
This is used for the study of detailed (TEM)
structure of surfaces of the specimen This is exclusively used in the
since the image is formed by examination of the internal structure
secondary electrons that are reflected of the cell since electrons that pass
back from the specimen. It also through the specimen form the image.
possesses the 3D image property
because of its great range of
magnification and tremendous depth
of focus
PARTS OF A COMPOUND MICROSCOPE
Mechanical Parts
1. Base – the v-shaped or u-shaped structure that supports the whole instrument
2. Pillar – the vertical extension of the base to which the arm is attached
3. Arm – the curved basic part of the microscope to which the base, body, and
stage are attached. It serves as the handle of the microscope and provide
support for the optical parts
4. Inclination joints – moveable parts which facilitate tilting of the microscope
5. Stage – a platform upon which the slide containing the specimen is placed. It is
provided with a central aperture that allows light to pass from below to the object
of the study.
6. Stage clips – a pair of metals (or metal parts) that holds the slide in place. Some
microscopes are provided with a mechanical stage which moves the specimen
forward, backward or sideward by means of mechanical view.
7. Body tube – a hollow cylinder in front of the upper part of the arm that serves as
housing for the lenses. It serves as a passageway of light from the objective to
the eyepiece.
8. Draw tube – the smaller cylinder attached to the top of the body tube and holds
the ocular eyepiece
9. Dust shield – a fixed plate attached to the base of the body tube and situated
above the revolving nosepiece. It protects the objectives from dust and dirt.
10. Revolving nosepiece – a rotary head attached to the base of the body tube and
holds the objectives. It also facilitates the shifting of objectives.
11. Adjustment knobs – used to adjust the objectives when focusing which when
turned clockwise or counterclockwise, lowers or raises the body tube.
a. Coarse adjustment knobs or screws – these are the upper, larger
knobs used for faster movement of the body tube (raise or lower) when
focusing the low power objective.
b. Fine adjustment knob – these are the lower, smaller knobs used for
final focusing under high power objective and in viewing different
levels.
Illuminating parts
1. Mirror – usually two faced where one surface is plain or flat and concave on the
other side. It is used to reflect light trough the object, lenses and into the eyes.
The plain surface is used when the source of light is very bright while the
concave mirror is used with the lower intensity of light of natural or artificial
source. Its frame is held by the mirror rack or fork.
2. Abbe condenser – an optical part under the stage to which is either fixed or
provided with adjustment for lowering or raising until the field is evenly
illuminated. It is used to illuminate, condense, or concentrate the reflected light
from the mirror to the object being examined.
3. Iris diaphragm – a plate that is supported with numerous apertures of varying
sizes to regulate the amount of light that enters the condenser
Magnifying part.
1. Eyepiece or ocular – the detachable tube situated on the top of the draw tube
equipped with one set of lenses that magnifies the object several times. It may be
provided with a dark pointer which is used to point a specific part of the specimen
being focused
2. Objectives which are of four types
a. Scanner – this is the shortest cylinder among the four with the widest
lens opening but with the lowest magnification. It is used to observe
wider field of subject (5x)
b. Low power objective (LPO) – the shortest tube with large lens opening
which has a magnification of 10x. It is used to observe the general
outline of the object under study and to locate various parts of the
specimen.
c. High power objective (HPO) – the longer tube with smaller lens
opening which has a magnification of 45x. it is used in observing the
details of specimen being studied.
d. Oil immersion objective (OIO) the longest tube with a very small lens
opening and has a magnification varying from 90-100x. A drop of cedar
wood oil is placed on the specimen and the objective must be lowered
very close to the slide until the front touches the oil. This prevents
refraction or dispersing of light.
Sources in alphabetical order:
3075 Stereo Microscope Series. (n.d.). Retrieved January 24, 2016, from [Link]
[Link]/products/3075-stereo-microscope-series/
Cobar, M. S., Laurente, O. S., & Vasquez, R. D. (2013). Laboratory Manual for Pharmaceutical
Botany. Manila.
History of Microscopy: Innovations. (n.d.). Retrieved January 24, 2016, from
[Link]
milestones/[Link]#innovations
Life Science & Laboratory Transmission Electron Microscopes (TEM) Equipment. (n.d.).
Retrieved January 24, 2016, from [Link]
Laboratory/Transmission-Electron-Microscopes-(TEM)
Magnification Scanning Electron Microscope. (2013, March 2). Retrieved
January 24, 2016, from [Link]
Mercer, M. (2007, March 10). Topic 3 - Microscopes. Retrieved January 24, 2016, from
[Link]
Omano OM159 Infinity Corrected Compound Microscope. (n.d.). Retrieved January 24, 2016,
from [Link]
microscopes/[Link]
Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM). (n.d.). Retrieved January 24, 2016, from
[Link]
