UNIVERSIDAD DE STA.
ISABEL
ST. CECILIA MUSIC CONSERVATORY
LESSON PLAN IN MUSIC
(Musical Instrument in Orchestra)
I. OBJECTIVES
At the end of the period, the students should be able to:
1. Know the different kinds of instrument in Orchestra(Cognitive)
2. Manipulate or touch the instruments around them (Psycho motor).
3. Manifest appreciation of musical instrument by knowing its different pitch and sound
quality (Affective)
II. SUBJECT MATTER
MAJOR TOPIC: Musical Instrument in Orchestra
SUB TOPIC: Families of musical instrument
C. MATERIALS: Musical instrument/Trombone/keyboard
Laptop
Speaker
D. REFERENCE: (NO WIKIPIDEA!!!!!!!!)
Google.com
Youtube.com
III. LEARNING ACTIVITIES (Process of teaching - learning)
A. Preliminary Activity
1. Prayer
2. Check attendance
B. Presentation of the Lesson
1. Motivation: Showing a video presentation a playing orchestra and after watching ask
the student if they know the instruments they playing in a video.
2. Developmental Activity:
i. Discuss the music instruments
STRATEGIES: Listening
Musical instrument, any device for producing a musical sound. The principal types of
such instruments, classified by the method of producing sound,
are percussion, stringed, keyboard, wind, and electronic.
ii. Discuss the History
iii. Discuss the different families of musical instrument
Musical instruments are grouped into families based on how they make sounds. In an
orchestra, musicians sit together in these family groupings. But not every instrument fits
neatly into a group.
When we talk about musical instruments, we often talk about them as being part of a
family. That's because, just like in human families, the instruments in a particular family
are related to each other. They are often made of the same types of materials, usually look
similar to one another, and produce sound in comparable ways. Some are larger and some
are smaller, just as parents are bigger than children.
The string family
When you look at a string instrument, the first thing you'll probably notice is that it's
made of wood, so why is it called a string instrument? The bodies of the string
instruments, which are hollow inside to allow sound to vibrate within them, are made of
different kinds of wood, but the part of the instrument that makes the sound is the strings,
which are made of nylon, steel or sometimes gut. The strings are played most often by
drawing a bow across them. The handle of the bow is made of wood and the strings of the
bow are actually horsehair from horses' tails! Sometimes the musicians will use their
fingers to pluck the strings, and occasionally they will turn the bow upside down and play
the strings with the wooden handle.
The strings are the largest family of instruments in the orchestra and they come in four
sizes: the violin, which is the smallest, viola, cello, and the biggest, the double bass,
sometimes called the contrabass. (Bass is pronounced "base," as in "baseball.") The
smaller instruments, the violin and viola, make higher-pitched sounds, while the larger
cello and double bass produce low rich sounds. They are all similarly shaped, with curvy
wooden bodies and wooden necks. The strings stretch over the body and neck and attach
to small decorative heads, where they are tuned with small tuning pegs.
The woodwind family
The instruments in this family all used to be made of wood, which gives them their name.
Today, they are made of wood, metal, plastic or some combination. They are all basically
narrow cylinders or pipes, with holes, an opening at the bottom end and a mouthpiece at
the top. You play them by blowing air through the mouthpiece (that's the "wind" in
"woodwind") and opening or closing the holes with your fingers to change the pitch.
Metal caps called keys cover the holes of most woodwind instruments.
The mouthpieces for some woodwinds, including the clarinet, oboe and bassoon, use a
thin piece of wood called a reed, which vibrates when you blow across it. The clarinet
uses a single reed made of one piece of wood, while the oboe and bassoon use a double
reed made of two pieces joined together. Just as with the stringed instruments, the smaller
woodwinds play higher pitches while the longer and larger instruments play the lower
notes. The woodwind family of instruments includes, from the highest sounding
instruments to the lowest, the piccolo, flute, oboe, English horn, clarinet, E-flat
clarinet, bass clarinet, bassoon and contrabassoon.
The brass family
If you think the brass family got its name because the instruments are made of brass,
you're right! This family of instruments can play louder than any other in the orchestra
and can also be heard from far away. Although their early ancestors are known to have
been made of wood, tusks, animal horns or shells, today's modern instruments are made
entirely of brass. Brass instruments are essentially very long pipes that widen at their
ends into a bell-like shape. The pipes have been curved and twisted into different shapes
to make them easier to hold and play.
Like the woodwind family, brass players use their breath to produce sound, but instead of
blowing into a reed, you vibrate your own lips by buzzing them against a metal cup-
shaped mouthpiece. The mouthpiece helps to amplify the buzzing of the lips, which
creates the sound. Most brass instruments have valves attached to their long pipes; the
valves look like buttons. When you press down on the valves, they open and close
different parts of the pipe. You change the pitch and sound by pressing different valves
and buzzing your lips harder or softer. The brass family members that are most
commonly used in the orchestra include the trumpet, French horn, trombone, and
the tuba.
The percussion family
The percussion family is the largest in the orchestra. Percussion instruments include any
instrument that makes a sound when it is hit, shaken, or scraped. It's not easy to be a
percussionist because it takes a lot of practice to hit an instrument with the right amount
of strength, in the right place and at the right time. Some percussion instruments are
tuned and can sound different notes, like the xylophone, timpani or piano, and some are
untuned with no definite pitch, like the bass drum, cymbals or castanets. Percussion
instruments keep the rhythm, make special sounds and add excitement and color. Unlike
most of the other players in the orchestra, a percussionist will usually play many different
instruments in one piece of music. The most common percussion instruments in the
orchestra include the timpani, xylophone, cymbals, triangle, snare drum, bass
drum, tambourine, maracas, gongs, chimes, celesta, and piano.
3. Generalization: The teacher ask the class what they learned about different instrument
and how it is used.
4. Application: The teacher play an audio in laptop and ask a student what instrument it
is. (one by one)
C. Evaluation: (If written test, write the questions and answers on the LP, if activity,
write the criteria for scoring)
Enumerate the different kinds of instrument that you learned (20 items)
1-4 string instruments
Violin
Viola
Cello
Double bass
5-9 woodwind instruments
Flute
Oboe
Clarinet
Bassoon
Saxophone
10-14 Brass instruments
Trumpet
French horn
Trombone
Baritone/Euphonium
Tuba
15-18 Percussion instruments (any percussion instrument)
Snare drum
Timpani
Cymbals
Marimba/Xylophone
Bass drum
19-20 in 5 sentences discuss your favourite instrument
D. Assignment: Name some other instruments that is not included to our lesson today.
Example: guitar
